Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezICPMS Library in the week of 20th October 2025? Check out new documents from the field of spectroscopy/spectrometry and related techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT SPECTROSCOPY/SPECTROMETRY RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezLCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezGCMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring you application notes Agilent Technologies and Shimadzu and poster by Thermo Fisher Scientific!<h3>1. Agilent Technologies: Optimizing Microplastic Characterization by LDIR: Automated versus Manual Workflows</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/te_microplastic_analysis_manual_8700_ldir_5994_8677en_agilent_e6976c74fd.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>The Agilent <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=8700+LDIR">8700 LDIR</a> chemical imaging system with Agilent Clarity control software provides automated and manual workflows for the characterization of microplastics isolated from a wide range of matrices.&nbsp;The Particle Analysis workflow is specially designed for routine testing, enabling fast, fully automated characterization of particles within a default size range of 20 to 500&nbsp;µm. This range can be adjusted based on user methodology and analytical requirements. Once a region of interest has been defined on the substrate and a spectral library has been selected in the software, the 8700 LDIR automatically detects particles, acquires infrared (IR) spectra, matches the spectra against the library, and updates results in real time.&nbsp;The manual analysis workflow allows users to adjust parameters, acquire spectra, and collect high-magnification images of particles as small as a few micrometers, providing greater flexibility for method development and research applications.&nbsp;This technical overview evaluates the performance of both types of workflow using NIST-traceable polystyrene (PS) latex beads of 2, 5, and 10&nbsp;µm diameter. Measurements were performed on both low-E slides and aluminum-coated (AI-coated) filters (0.8&nbsp;µm pore size) to assess the influence of the substrate background on the minimum measurable particle size.<h4>Results and discussion&nbsp;</h4><h5>Manual workflow&nbsp;</h5><ul><li>2&nbsp;µm PS beads: High-magnification visible images were obtained for the 2&nbsp;µm PS beads on the low-E slide by focusing on individual particles and using the ruler feature in the Clarity software to measure the length (Table 2). IR images were generated at 1,442&nbsp;cm–1 with a pixel size resolution of 1&nbsp;µm, resolving the 2&nbsp;µm beads. Using the line profile feature and a reduced acquisition (sweep) speed, 20 spectra were acquired. The averaged spectrum (automatically obtained after data collection) was compared to reference spectra in the Microplastics Starter 2.1 library. The particle was correctly identified as polystyrene with a hit quality index (HQI) of 0.940. The 2&nbsp;µm particles were successfully detected and identified on low-E slides only. Background interference from the 0.8&nbsp;µm pores of the Al-coated filters prevented data collection from the 2&nbsp;µm particles.&nbsp;</li><li>5&nbsp;µm PS beads: High-magnification visible and IR images were successfully obtained for the 5&nbsp;µm PS beads on both types of substrate. The spectra were collected in line profile mode using a faster data acquisition rate than for the smaller particles. The beads were accurately identified as PS with HQIs of 0.924 and 0.947 for the low-E slide and Al-filter, respectively (Table 2).&nbsp;</li><li>10&nbsp;µm PS beads: The 10&nbsp;µm PS beads were easily imaged and identified on both substrates with improved HQIs of 0.972 for the low-E slide and 0.968 for the Al-coated filter (Table 2).</li></ul><h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>The <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=8700+LDIR">Agilent 8700 LDIR</a> chemical imaging system is capable of analyzing microplastics as small as 2&nbsp;µm on a low-E slide using a manual workflow and 5&nbsp;µm and above using the automated Particle Analysis method. However, the automated workflow provided the most reliable identification and highest-confidence library matching results for particles ≥&nbsp;10&nbsp;µm. Together, the two workflows offer complementary capabilities—automation for the rapid, routine analysis of larger particles and manual control for smaller particle characterization and research applications.<h3>2. Shimadzu: Quantitative Analysis of Leaching of Heavy Metals in Soil Using ICP-MS</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_01_00892_en_5aeef239fe.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>When soil is polluted by human activities such as industrial operations and waste disposal, harmful substances can be absorbed into the human body. This may have an adverse effect on health. In Japan, the Soil Contamination Countermeasures Act stipulates soil survey methods and appropriate management methodsto prevent adverse health effects.&nbsp;The health risks due to soil contamination can be divided into two categories: those caused by leaching of harmful substances contained in soil into groundwater and ingestion of groundwater containing such harmful substances (ingestion from groundwater), and those caused by direct ingestion of harmful substances contained in soil through the mouth or skin (direct ingestion). Under the Soil Contamination Countermeasures Act, soil leaching standards are set to address the risk of ingestion from groundwater, and soil content standards are set to address the risk of direct ingestion. These standards are expected to become stricter in the future in line with other environmental regulations. Thus, it is important to select a highly sensitive analytical method in advance.&nbsp;In this application, the results of analyzing the concentrations of heavy metals leached from five types of soil samples using ICPMS, which is currently recognized as the most sensitive method for elemental analysis in soil, will be introduced.<h4>Instrument Configurations and Analysis Conditions</h4><ul><li>Instrument: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=ICPMS-2050">ICPMS-2050&nbsp;</a></li><li>Nebulizer: Nebulizer DC04</li></ul><h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>Leaching analysis of heavy metals in soil was conducted using the ICPMS-2050. The measurement sensitivity of the system was sufficient to meet the soil leaching standard, and the spike recovery test showed that the influence of the matrix on this measurement was small. By adopting a unique mini-torch system, ICPMS-2050 can perform high-sensitivity and low-interference measurements at about 2/3 (about 11 L/min) of the argon gas flow rate of conventional ICP-MS. In addition, good results in a long-term stability test, where 50 samples were measured continuously, demonstrated its performance (high sensitivity, low interference) and cost savings, especially in the routine analysis of multiple samples.<h3>3. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Hyphenation of a high-speed laser ablation system to Quadrupole Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) for imaging applications</h3><ul><li>Poster</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/po_001853_tea_laser_ablation_icp_ms_ewcps_po001853_em_en_2f84e2e8ea.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Laser Ablation (LA) coupled with ICP-MS is a well-established way to directly analyze solid samples. The main advantages of laser ablation include the ability to avoid lengthy and potentially contamination prone sample preparation protocols and the ability to obtain information about the spatial resolution of an analyte in a sample.&nbsp;The interest in so-called mapping techniques has increased in recent years, calling for laser ablation systems to develop methods to improve sample transfer and therefore speed of mapping experiments. New laser-ablation systems dedicated to high-speed mapping are commercially available and can be easily coupled to quadrupole ICP-MS for such applications.With the improvement in sample transfer and washout times from laser ablation systems, the time available to analyze discrete packets of sample from a laser pulse is drastically reduced. The limit for lateral resolution using a sequential ICP-MS, such as a quadrupole ICP-MS, is dependent on the dwell times chosen for each measured m/z channel. This has a direct impact on the signal-to-background ratio achievable for each m/z channel; therefore, a direct impact on the final image contrast for each mapped m/z channel.<h4>Methods</h4>An Elemental Scientific Lasers imageGEO193 Laser Ablation system fitted with a TwoVol3 Ablation chamber was directly coupled with a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/1206">Thermo Scientific™ iCAP™ TQ ICP-MS</a> using a compatible Dual Concentric Injector. Data was acquired using <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/1489">Thermo Scientific™ Qtegra™ Intelligent Scientific Data Solution™ (ISDS) Software</a> and processed using Iolite™ Laser Ablation Data Reduction Software.<h4>Results and Discussions&nbsp;</h4><h5>Washout Measurement and Optimization&nbsp;</h5>For low-dispersion laser ablation set-ups, it is vitally important to assess the washout performance and peak shape of the laser pulses to determine the maximum scanning rate that can be used for a particular number of m/z channels without introducing blurring effects. To do this, a low repetition rate line was ablated on the sample surface and a matrix element was measured at 1 ms dwell time (44Ca as 44Ca.16O in this case).Aliasing occurs, in essence, if the repetition rate and the cycle time of the laser ablation system and the ICP-MS system are not properly synchronized. This phenomenon causes periodicity in signal intensities that appear as bands in the final image. To combat this, the laser repetition rate and the sampling cycle frequency need to be matched so that an integer number of laser pulses fall within one quadrupole sweep.1&nbsp;Pixelation blur is mainly a factor of the resolution at which the image is gathered, i.e., the laser spot size and the resulting pixel size. 2 To achieve high resolution (low blur), a small spot size must be used; however, this will directly decrease the signal-tobackground ratio (i.e., contrast) and increase the total experiment time. The amount of acceptable blurring must therefore be balanced with the desired contrast and experiment time.Smearing, or motion blur, occurs when the transfer of material (washout) cannot keep up with the tracking of the laser across the sample surface (i.e., the scanning rate of the translation stages) and subsequent laser pulses are partially mixed. This is mitigated by adjusting the laser scanning time and repetition rates so that each laser pulse is fully resolved from each other when reaching the detector of the ICP-MS.&nbsp;Contrast, as discussed briefly above, is a function of signal-tobackground ratio and can be adjusted by the amount of material ablated per shot (spot size and/or fluence) or the dwell time of each scanned m/z channel during the quadrupole sweep. Given a set of lasing conditions, optimizing the distribution of dwell times between all m/z channels scanned will achieve the best possible contrast for all analytes in one run.&nbsp;Optimization of the Dwell Times was performed using the Precognition Add-On from Iolite Software available for ActiveView2 Laser Ablation Software. First, signal intensity data for all desired isotopes were acquired using a simple line scan across a section of the sample surface with high perceived variability. The data were loaded into the Precognition module, which then optimized the dwell times to improve the Signal-toNoise ratio (SNR) for each scanned isotope. There are two methods available:&nbsp;<ol><li>The Hutchinson Method: Dwell times are distributed such that the SNR is increased to above 3 for all isotopes.&nbsp;</li><li>The Van Malderen Method: adjusts dwell times to improve SNR of isotopes whilst being constrained to the washout of the cell.&nbsp;</li></ol>The Hutchinson method may result in cycle times much longer than the pulse width of the signal, so in this study the Van Malderen method was chosen. Resulting dwell times are summarized in Table 2.<h4>Conclusions&nbsp;</h4>Through careful optimization of laser ablation and ICP-MS parameters, it is possible to generate high quality multi-elemental images at a fast rate. The use of new low-dispersion laser ablation cells and aerosol transfer technology is not limited to simultaneous mass spectrometers and is also applicable to sequential scanning mass spectrometers such as Quadrupole ICP-MS.&nbsp;The major limitation of coupling low-dispersion Laser Ablation systems to sequential mass spectrometers is the limited number of elements that can be scanned; however, this is offset by the sensitivity and the specificity of, especially, triple quadrupole ICPMS systems for the reduction of interferences on select analytes.&nbsp;Most imaging experiments can be reduced to three or four analytes of interest, and in these cases LA-ICP-MS coupled to Triple Quadrupole ICP-MS using a low-dispersion, fast imaging setup can provide the analytical data quality required to answer challenging research questions.

News from LabRulezICPMS Library - Week 43, 2025

Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezICPMS Library in the week of 27th October 2025? Check out new documents from the field of spectroscopy/spectrometry and related techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT SPECTROSCOPY/SPECTROMETRY RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezLCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezGCMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring you application notes by LECO, Shimadzu and Thermo Fisher Scientific!<h3>1. LECO: Determination of Total Organic Carbon in Soil, Rock, and Shale by Acid Digestion and Combustion</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/C832_TOTAL_ORGANIC_CARBON_SOIL_ROCK_SHALE_203_821_679_b48939f659.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Total organic carbon (TOC) determination in soil, rock, and shale is a common analytical tool used for determining locations of natural hydrocarbon fossil fuel deposits. The organic carbon richness of rock samples (TOC%) is one of the most important parameters used in the evaluation of sediments as a potential source for petroleum or natural gas. TOC content controls the hydrocarbon generation ability of rock and the content of adsorbed natural gas within the rock, as it is the source material responsible for the formation of natural hydrocarbon fossil fuel deposits.&nbsp;TOC determination can also be used for the assessment of soil quality in agriculture and as a quality control parameter for raw building materials. TOC content is one of the most important constituents of soil due to its capacity to affect plant growth as both a source of energy and a trigger for nutrient availability through mineralization. The determination of TOC is also an important quality control parameter used during the manufacturing of cement, from the raw material until the final product.<h4>Instrument Model and Configuration&nbsp;</h4>The LECO C832 is a macro combustion carbon determinator that utilizes a pure oxygen environment in a high-temperature horizontal ceramic combustion furnace designed to handle macro sample masses. A weighed sample is combusted, and the combustion gases are swept from the furnace and through anhydrone tubes for the removal of moisture. The combustion gases are then carried to a non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) cell for the detection of carbon (as CO2).<h4>Typical Results&nbsp;</h4>Data was generated utilizing a linear, full regression calibration using fractional masses (~0.1 g to ~0.25 g) of LECO 502-950 LCRM Synthetic Carbon (0.14% C), LECO 502-696 LCRM Synthetic Carbon (1.01% C), LECO 502-905 LCRM Synthetic Carbon (5.00% C) and fractional masses (~0.1 g to ~0.5 g) of LECO 502-902 LCRM Calcium Carbonate (12.03% C). The calibration was verified with LECO 502-696 LCRM Synthetic Carbon (1.01% C).<h3>2. Shimadzu: Determination of Metal Elements in Edible Oils Using ICP-MS</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_01_00920_en_a8363ed014.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul><h4>User Benefits</h4><ul><li>It is possible to accurately analyze metal elements in edible oils.&nbsp;</li><li>Edible oils can be analyzed using only dilution with organic solvents, which simplifies sample preparation and improves throughput.&nbsp;</li><li>The use of solvent-resistant peristaltic pump tubing enables the addition of internal standard elements in-line, even during the analysis of organic solvents, thereby eliminating the need for manual addition.</li></ul>Edible oils are essential in our diet. Analyzing metal elements in edible oils is crucial for ensuring food safety and preserving oil quality. The Codex General Standard for Contaminants and Toxins in Food and Feed1) (hereinafter referred to as CODEX) requires the management of heavy metals (such as arsenic and lead) present in edible oils. Additionally, metal ions such as copper, iron, and manganese in edible oils can act as oxidation catalysts, affecting the deterioration of the oil.&nbsp;For the analysis of metal elements in edible oils, methods involving the acid digestion of the oil followed by analysis using ICP Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) or ICP Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) are known. While digestion with acid can remove the organic matrix, it also carries the risk of volatilizing or contaminating the analytes during the complex sample preparation process, which can lead to errors in the analysis results. Furthermore, the complex sample preparations are timeconsuming and limit throughput. Another method involves diluting edible oils with organic solvents and analyzing them by ICP-OES. However, with this method, it can be challenging to achieve sufficient sensitivity for the analysis of harmful trace elementssuch as As and Pb.&nbsp;In this Application News, the ICPMS-2050 (Fig. 1) was used to analyze 25 metal elements by simply diluting edible oils with an organic solvent. Spike recovery tests are also performed to verify the validity of the analytical results.<h4>Removal of Interference and Detection Limit&nbsp;</h4>To analyze metal elements with high sensitivity in organic solvents, it is necessary to eliminate interferences caused by carbon from the organic solvent. For example, there are carbonderived polyatomic ion interferences such as 12C12C+ on 24Mg, 12C16O+ on 28Si, and 40Ar12C+ on 52Cr. By using collision mode with helium gas or reaction mode with hydrogen gas, these interferences can be eliminated, enabling sensitive analysis. As an example, Fig. 2 shows the calibration curve for Cr under each condition. In the No Gas mode, the influence of 40Ar12C+ results in a high background equivalent concentration (BEC), making it challenging to analyze trace amounts of 52Cr. However, in collision mode and reaction mode, interferences can be eliminated, reducing the BEC and enabling the analysis of trace amounts of 52Cr.&nbsp;Additionally, the detection limits (DLs) are shown in Table 4. The detection limits were calculated as the concentration that gives a signal equivalent to three times the standard deviation (σ) of the calibration blank sample (STD0). Detection limits of arsenic and lead in edible oils were sufficient to monitor the CODEX standard values of 100 µg/kg (0.1 mg/kg).<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>In this Application News, the analysis of metal elements in edible oils was performed using the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=ICPMS-2050">ICPMS-2050</a> with the organic solvent injection system. Good spike recoveries were achieved, confirming that trace metal elements in edible oils can be accurately quantified with a simple sample preparation involving only dilution with organic solvents. Since it is possible to analyze without the complex proceduresrequired for acid decomposition, the risk of volatilization or contamination of the analytes during the sample preparation process is reduced. Additionally, the use of solvent-resistant peristaltic pump tubing enables the in-line addition of internal standard elements, further reducing the time required forsample preparation.<h3>3. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Fast routine analysis of trace and ultra trace elements in zinc alloys by Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_003108_ioms_gd_ms_element_gd_plus_zinc_alloys_an003108_em_en_34cfefa25e.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Zinc is used for different applications like corrosion protection, in fertilizers, pharmaceuticals and in energy storage as alternative for lithium-based batteries. Zinc alloys are used e.g. for die casting and as galvanizing alloys1 . Corrosion of zinc-aluminum alloys is accelerated by small amounts of impurities, especially lead, cadmium, and tin2,3. Lead and other impurities such as antimony influence the morphology and orientation of electrolytically deposited zinc4 . To ensure consistently high product quality, the analysis of trace and ultra trace elements in zinc and its alloys is essential. There is an increasing demand to specify better grades of zinc and zinc alloys and therefore, better limits of detection are required. With the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/1690">Thermo Scientific™ Element GD Plus™ Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometer</a> sub-ppb levels of detection can be achieved, much lower than by Spark-OES and GD-OES. The Element GD Plus GD-MS is being used for quality control in routine production for different applications in industrial manufacturing environments. This document describes the fast direct determination of elements in zinc alloys down to ppb level.<h4>Analytical setup&nbsp;</h4>The flat zinc alloys samples (Figure 1) are analyzed directly, and no digestion is required. The instrumental conditions for the analysis with the Element GD Plus GD-MS are shown in Table 1. To remove any potential sample surface contamination, fast presputtering in continuous DC mode was applied before the data acquisition. Depending on the sample preparation (e.g. milling or grinding), the resulting degree of surface contamination, and the limits of detection required, lower presputter times can be used, leading to even higher sample throughput. Most elements are analyzed in Medium Mass Resolution (R = 4000). Gallium and Yttrium are analyzed in High Mass Resolution (R = 10000) to ensure an interference-free measurement by resolving the analytes from the ZnH and MgZn interferences.<h4>Results&nbsp;</h4>The Certified Reference Materials BCR-357, BCR-359 and BCR-360 have been used to calibrate Mg, Fe, Ni, Cu, Cd, In, Sn, Tl and Pb in zinc alloys. The calibration lines are displayed in Figure 2, showing excellent linearity. This calibration was used for the quantification of elements in a zinc alloy sample. For the elements that were not calibrated, the Standard Relative Sensitivity Factors (sRSF) of the Element GD Plus GD-MS were used by the software for quantification. With the sRSFs, the semiquantitative results typically fall within ± 30 % of the true values. Table 2 shows the mass fractions for selected elements as well as the relative standard deviation (RSD) of three replicative consecutive measurements on the same spot. Mass fractions in the single digit ppb range can be quantified with ≤ 10 % RSD. For mass fractions ≥ 0.4 ppm the RSD was ≤ 2 %. For mass fractions ≥ 30 ppm the RSD was 1 %. When the result was below the Limit of Detection (defined as 3 x standard deviation of low concentration measurements), it is stated as &lt; Limit of Detection. With the method used, the typical Limits of Detection are in the low single digit ppb range.<h4>Conclusions&nbsp;</h4>The Element GD Plus GD-MS is an extremely sensitive tool for determining trace and ultra trace impurities in solid samples. The calibration lines in zinc alloy matrices show excellent linearity. Mass fractions at the ppb and ppm level are quantified precisely and reliably. Single digit ppb mass fractions can be quantified with ≤ 10 % RSD. For mass fractions ≥ 30 ppm the precision was 1 % RSD. Interferences are safely eliminated in either Medium Mass Resolution (R = 4000) or High Mass Resolution (R = 10000). Automatic resolution switching within one second enables the routine use of the optimum mass resolution. Surface contaminations are removed by fast presputtering before the data acquisition. The analysis does not require a digestion and is fast with a sample throughput of approximately five samples per hour.

News from LabRulezICPMS Library - Week 44, 2025

Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezICPMS Library in the week of 3rd November 2025? Check out new documents from the field of spectroscopy/spectrometry and related techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT SPECTROSCOPY/SPECTROMETRY RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezLCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezGCMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring you application notes by LECO and Shimadzu and poster by Thermo Fisher Scientific!<h3>1. LECO: Determination of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen in Biomass</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/CHN_828_CARBON_HYDROGEN_NITROGEN_BIOMASS_203_821_665_bccca204f2.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen determination is part of the ultimate analysis of solid biofuel materials. Determining the content of these elements can help to characterize the materials and provide information that can be utilized in calculating material/energy balances. In addition, this information may be used to calculate efficiencies, as well as emissions potentials, for solid biofuel materials.&nbsp;<h4>Instrument Model and Configuration&nbsp;</h4>The <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=24&amp;search=CHN828">LECO CHN828</a> is a combustion Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen determinator that utilizes a pure Oxygen environment in a vertical quartz furnace, ensuring complete combustion and superior analyte recovery. Combustion gases are swept from the furnace through an afterburner containing a reagent to scrub Sulfur compounds from the gas stream prior to collection in the ballast volume. The combustion gases are collected in a ballast where they equilibrate and mix before a representative aliquot (3 cm3 or 10 cm3 volume) of the gas is extracted and introduced into a flowing stream of inert gas (Helium or Argon) for analysis. The aliquot gas is carried to an infrared cell (IR) for the detection of Carbon (CO2) and a thermal conductivity cell (TC) for the detection of Nitrogen (N2). A separate portion of the ballast gas is transferred to an IR cell for the detection of Hydrogen (H2O).&nbsp;Thermal conductivity detectors work by detecting changes in the thermal conductivity of the analyte gas compared to a reference/carrier gas. The greater the difference between the thermal conductivity of the carrier gas and the analyte gas, the greater the sensitivity of the detector. The CHN828 supports either the use of Helium or Argon as the instrument's carrier gas. When used as a carrier gas, Helium provides the highest sensitivity, and the best performance at the lower limit of the Nitrogen range. Argon can also be used as a carrier gas. However, the thermal conductivity difference between Argon and Nitrogen is not as great as the thermal conductivity difference between Helium and Nitrogen, therefore the detector is inherently less sensitive when using Argon as a carrier gas.&nbsp;<h4>TYPICAL RESULTS&nbsp;</h4>Data was generated utilizing a linear, full regression calibration for Carbon determination, and linear, force through origin calibrations for Hydrogen and Nitrogen determination, using fractional masses (~0.07 g to ~0.15 g) of 502-642 (Lot 1019) LCRM Phenylalanine (65.47% C, 6.74% H, 8.46% N). The calibration was verified using LECO 502-896 (Lot 1003) LCRM EDTA (41.08% C, 5.52% H, 9.58% N). An atmospheric blank was determined using ground sucrose and was utilized to compensate for entrapped atmosphere. A moisture value for the samples was obtained utilizing a LECO TGM800 on the day of analysis and entered into the software to correct for moisture. Results are reported on a dry basis.<h3>2. Shimadzu: Ultrasonic Fatigue Test for Hourglass-shaped Metal Test Specimens with Parallel Sections</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_01_00889_en_6ce0f2e7e9.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul><h4>User Benefits</h4><ul><li>The ultrasonic fatigue tester is capable of testing at a repetition rate of 20 kHz and can complete tests with 109 cycles (1 billion cycles) in only about 14 hours.</li><li>It is possible to test hourglass-shaped test specimens with parallel sections specified in the Chinese National Standard GB/T 43896 “Metallic materials-Very high cycle fatigue-Ultrasonic fatigue test method.”&nbsp;</li></ul>Fatigue is a fracture phenomenon caused by repeated loads, even within the elastic region. It is said that about 70 % of structural fracture phenomena are caused by metal fatigue. For most structural steels, there is a fatigue limit where fatigue failure does not occur even after repeated loading if the stress is less than a certain value, and the number of cycles is about 106 to 107. However, in high-strength steels such as chromium molybdenum steel, it is known that fatigue failure occurs in the ultra-high cycle range of 108 to 109 cycles, exceeding 107 cycles, due to inclusions in the material. Therefore, the standard of 107 repetitions as the maximum number of repetitions used in general fatigue tests is not sufficient, and fatigue tests with more than 109 cycles are required. On the other hand, a fatigue test with more than 109 cycles would take more than 3 years at a 10 Hz load. The ultrasonic fatigue tester used in this study is capable of testing at 20 kHz and can complete tests with 109 cycles in about 14 hours, making it ideal for measuring ultra-high cycle fatigue.&nbsp;In previous reports1,2), we conducted tests on standard hourglass specimens. In November 2024, the National Standard GB/T 43896 of the People's Republic of China (Metallic materials- Very high cycle fatigue-Ultrasonic fatigue test method) was issued, so Shimadzu has added a new dimension calculation function for hourglass-shaped specimens with parallel sections to its USF2000A dedicated software, Super Sonic. In this paper, we introduce an example of measurement of an hourglass-shaped specimen with a parallel section in compliance with GB/T 43896 using SNCM439, a type ofstructuralsteel.<h4>Instruments&nbsp;</h4>The <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=USF-2000A">USF-2000A</a> was used in this test. Table 1 shows the testing equipment and Fig. 1 shows the test setup. In the ultrasonic fatigue test, a longitudinal wave vibration generated by a piezo actuator causes the specimen to resonate, and stresses are applied to the specimen. The cyclic stress is not measured using a load cell, but is calculated based on the displacement of specimen's end face. In this test, an eddy current displacement meter was used to measure the displacement of the end face.&nbsp;In the ultrasonic fatigue test, internal heat generation occurs due to the high repetition rate. According to GB/T 43896, the surface temperature of the high-stress part of specimen is measured, and the specimen temperature during the test is required to be within room temperature +10 °C. In order to suppress the temperature rise of the specimen, an air cooler was employed to blow cooling air onto the heated region, and intermittent operation was performed as described below.<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>In these tests, ultrasonic fatigue tests were conducted on SNCM439 hourglass-shaped specimens with a parallel section in accordance with the Chinese National Standard GB/T 43896, “Metallic materials-Very high cycle fatigue-Ultrasonic fatigue test method,” and S-N diagrams were obtained.<h3>3. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Benefits of coupling a high-speed laser ablation system to Quadrupole Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS)</h3><ul><li>Poster</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/po_12348_high_speed_laser_ablation_system_po12348_en_9c310f2096.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Laser Ablation (LA) coupled with ICP-MS is a well-established way to directly analyze solid samples. The main advantages of laser ablation include the ability to avoid lengthy and potentially contamination prone sample preparation protocols and the ability to obtain information about the spatial resolution of an analyte in a sample.&nbsp;The interest in so-called mapping techniques has increased in recent years, calling for laser ablation systems to develop methods to improve sample transfer and therefore speed of mapping experiments. New laser-ablation systems dedicated to high-speed mapping are commercially available and can be easily coupled to quadrupole ICP-MS for such applications.With the improvement in sample transfer and washout times from laser ablation systems, the time available to analyze discrete packets of sample from a laser pulse is drastically reduced. The limit for lateral resolution using a sequential ICP-MS, such as a quadrupole ICP-MS, is dependent on the dwell times chosen for each measured m/z channel. This has a direct impact on the signal-tobackground ratio achievable for each m/z channel; therefore, a direct impact on the final image contrast for each mapped m/z channel.<h4>MATERIALS AND METHODS</h4><h5>Instrumentation&nbsp;</h5>A Teledyne Photon Machines Iridia Laser Ablation System fitted with a Cobalt lowdispersion ablation chamber was directly coupled with a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/1206">Thermo Scientific™ iCAP™ TQ ICP-MS</a>. Data was acquired using <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/1489">Thermo Scientific™ Qtegra™ Intelligent Scientific Data Solution™ (ISDS) Software</a> and processed using Teledyne Photon Machines HDIP Mass Spectrometry Data Analysis Software.<h4>CONCLUSIONS&nbsp;</h4>Through careful optimization of laser ablation and ICP-MS parameters, it is possible to generate high quality multi-elemental images at a fast rate. The use of new low-dispersion laser ablation cells and aerosol transfer technology is not limited to simultaneous mass spectrometers and is also applicable to sequential scanning mass spectrometers such as Quadrupole ICP-MS.&nbsp;The major limitation of coupling low-dispersion Laser Ablation systems to sequential mass spectrometers is the limited number of elements that can be scanned; however, this is offset by the sensitivity and the specificity of, especially, triple quadrupole ICP-MS systems for the reduction of interferences on select analytes.&nbsp;Most imaging experiments can be reduced to three or four analytes of interest, and in these cases LA-ICP-MS coupled to Triple Quadrupole ICP-MS using a low-dispersion, fast imaging setup can provide the analytical data quality required to answer challenging research questions.

News from LabRulezICPMS Library - Week 45, 2025

Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezICPMS Library in the week of 10th November 2025? Check out new documents from the field of spectroscopy/spectrometry and related techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT SPECTROSCOPY/SPECTROMETRY RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezLCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezGCMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring you application notes by LECO and Shimadzu and poster by Thermo Fisher Scientific!<h3>1. LECO: Compositional Depth Profile Analysis of Galvanized Steel</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/GDS_950_CDP_GALVANIZED_STEEL_203_821_675_1778f1c8f1.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>&nbsp;<ul><li>Thickness and Coating Weight of Galvanized Steel&nbsp;</li><li>Elemental Composition of the Coating and Substrate&nbsp;</li><li>Compositional Analysis of Surface Treatments</li></ul>The application of zinc and zinc-alloy coatings to steel provides protection against galvanic and barrier corrosion. Galvanized coatings can be applied by either continuous hot-dip coating or electroplating. Hot-dip coatings include galvanized (zinc), galvannealed, and 55% aluminum-zinc. Electroplated coatings include zinc and zinc-nickel. The choice of coating depends on the application. Thin coatings provide sufficient corrosion resistance where the corrosion rate is low, such as interior panels and painted parts. Thick coatings are needed where corrosion rate is high and long service life is required, such as marine or underground applications.Compositional Depth Profile (CDP) using the LECO GDS950 rapidly provides analysis of various galvanized coatings on steel. The analyses shown in this Application Note conforms to and is in accordance with ISO 16962.<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>As demonstrated in this application note, CDP analysis on the LECO GDS950 provides coating composition as a function of depth for a variety of galvanized coatings, including both conductive and non-conductive coatings. Most zinc coatings can be analyzed in 60-300 s. The 55% aluminum-zinc alloy sputters more slowly and can be analyzed in 600-900 s. CDP using the LECO GDS950 provides a single flexible method to analyze multiple zinc and zinc-alloy coating types.<h3>2. Shimadzu: Determination of Water-Extractable Total Organic Carbon Content in Recycled Black Mass</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_01_00919_en_4983319ee6.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul><h4>User Benefits</h4><ul><li>&nbsp;Measurement of the water-extractable TOC content in recycled black mass is possible.</li><li>Using the NPOC method, TOC measurement can be simplified thanks to reduced preprocessing.</li><li>Utilizing the ASI-L auto sampler enables multiple samples to be measured automatically</li></ul>Black mass is a concentrated powder created during the recycling of lithium-ion batteries. It contains valuable metals such as cobalt and nickel, which are cathode active materials, as well as graphite, which is an anode active material. Since black mass contains these valuable metals, its recycling and reuse significantly contribute to reducing environmental impact and promoting the efficient utilization of resources.&nbsp;Black mass may contain organic substances derived from used batteriesthat serve asraw materials, as well as organic substances from the environmental sources introduced during storage and transportation. These organic substances can leach into water or acidic solutions, which may adversely affect the refining process. This not only results in poor-quality recycled materials but also leavesresidual organic substancesin the waste liquids, potentially causing environmental pollution. Therefore, it is essential to quantify the total amount of organic substances contained in black mass. The amount of these organic substances can be evaluated astotal organic carbon (TOC).&nbsp;In China, one of the major importing countries of black mass, the evaluation of water-extractable TOC in black mass is regulated under the Chinese National Standard GB/T 45203- 2024. 1) According to this standard, TOC is measured using a total organic carbon analyzer based on the combustion oxidation method with non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) detection. This article provides an example of measuring water-extractable TOC in black mass using the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=+TOC-L+analyzer">Shimadzu TOC-L analyzer</a>, a total organic carbon analyzer that uses the combustion oxidation method with NDIR detection.<h4>TOC Analysis Using the NPOC Method&nbsp;</h4>In the NPOC method, the sample is acidified by adding acid, and IC is removed through aeration treatment. The measurement is then performed under the assumption that “TC = TOC.” In the NPOC method, the instrument automatically performed acidification and aeration. This method is expected to reduce measurement time compared to the TC-IC method, and only a single calibration curve isrequired.&nbsp;Fig. 4 illustrates the pretreatment flow when using the NPOC method. Here, IC in the solution can be efficiently removed through automatic acidification and aeration by the instrument. As a result, Step 3, “Acidification and Aeration Treatment,” in the pretreatment procedure can be omitted. A 5 mL aliquot of the filtrate obtained in Step 2, “Filtration,” was directly diluted to 100 mL in a volumetric flask, and the resulting solution was used as the measurement solution.&nbsp;When no acidification is performed during pretreatment, the measurement solution becomes alkaline. Therefore, in the NPOC measurement, the acid addition rate was set to a relatively high value of 2.5 %.&nbsp;The NPOC method is not described in GB/T 45203-2024; however, it is expected to improve processing efficiency by simplifying manual procedures.<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>In this study, the water-extractable TOC in recycled black mass was determined using the Shimadzu TOC-L total organic carbon analyzer that uses the combustion oxidation method with NDIR detection. Pretreatment was performed with reference to GB/T 45203- 2024, and it was confirmed that the water-extractable TOC in black mass could be measured using the TC-IC method.&nbsp;On the other hand, by using the NPOC method, certain pretreatment steps could be omitted, enabling a more simplified quantification of TOC. This method is effective for improving measurement efficiency in applications such as screening. In both measurement methods, satisfactory results were obtained in the spiked recovery tests, confirming the validity of the analysis. Furthermore, by utilizing the ASI-L auto-sampler, multiple samples can be measured automatically, contributing to improved analytical efficiency.<h3>3. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Do we have a choice of reaction gas for measuring Ca? Investigations using the Thermo Scientific Neoma MS/MS MC-ICP-MS</h3><ul><li>Poster</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/po_003544_choice_reaction_gas_measuring_ca_investigations_neoma_ms_icp_po003544_en_48ed6a2064.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Calcium isotope measurements have long been limited by isobaric interferences, particularly from 40Ar+ on 40Ca+, when using multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS). The reintroduction of collision/reaction cell technology to MC-ICP-MS systems, such as the Thermo Scientific Neoma MS/MS MC-ICP-MS, has allowed more precise δ44/40Ca determinations using hydrogen (H₂) as a reaction gas. However, researchers investigated whether sulfur hexafluoride (SF₆) could offer an alternative, forming CaF⁺ and removing both 40Ar+ and 88Sr²⁺ interferences, thereby simplifying sample preparation and enabling in-situ Ca isotope analysis by laser ablation.<h4>Experimental</h4>Measurements were performed on the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/1675">Thermo Scientific Neoma MS/MS MC-ICP-MS</a> equipped with three 10¹³ Ω amplifiers and an axial secondary electron multiplier. The Jet interface with X-skimmer and Jet sampler cones, and an ESI Apex Omega Q desolvating nebulizer, were used to maximize sensitivity. Reaction gases—helium and SF₆—were introduced into the collision/reaction cell. Both solution and solid samples (analyzed by coupling the Neoma MS/MS to an ESL NWR imageGEO 193 nm excimer laser ablation system) were tested. Solid samples included reference glasses (SRM 614, BHVO-2G) and apatites (Durango, Madagascar, SUME, iPiRA). Data reduction was done using Iolite 4 software with a custom CaF⁺ reduction scheme.<h4>Results</h4>Using SF₆ as the reaction gas effectively formed CaF⁺ ions, reducing argon and strontium interferences. However, sensitivity decreased about five-fold compared to the H₂/He setup, and molecular interferences—likely ³²S¹⁹F¹⁴N⁺ and ³²S¹⁹F¹⁶O⁺—affected minor isotopes (46Ca, 48Ca). Reproducibility of 40Ca/44Ca was poorer than that of 42Ca/44Ca and 43Ca/44Ca despite higher 40Ca sensitivity. For most solution and solid standards, δ42Ca and δ43Ca values matched expected ranges. Solid-state tests via laser ablation showed generally consistent isotopic ratios, with slightly higher uncertainty for low-Ca materials.<h4>Conclusion</h4>The study demonstrated that SF₆ can be used as a viable reaction gas for interference-free measurement of Ca isotopes on the Neoma MS/MS MC-ICP-MS, offering potential for in-situ analysis and reduced sample preparation. However, H₂ remains the superior choice for solution-based analyses due to its higher sensitivity, better precision, and fewer molecular interferences. SF₆, on the other hand, provides a promising alternative for direct solid-sample applications, such as laser ablation Ca isotope ratio studies.

News from LabRulezICPMS Library - Week 46, 2025

Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezICPMS Library in the week of 17th November 2025? Check out new documents from the field of spectroscopy/spectrometry and related techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT SPECTROSCOPY/SPECTROMETRY RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezLCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezGCMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring you application notes by Agilent Technologies, LECO, Shimadzu and Waters Corporation!<h3>1. Agilent Technologies: Microplastics Characterization in Carbonated Beverages and Apple Juice by Laser Direct Infrared</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_microplastics_carbonated_drinks_juice_8700_ldir_5994_8654en_agilent_1f60f6209c.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>The widespread use of plastic materials in the production, packaging, and distribution of foods and beverages has raised growing concerns about microplastic contamination. Popular beverages bottled in plastic-containing packaging are increasingly recognized as potential contributors to dietary microplastic exposure. Studies have reported microplastic particles in commercial mineral water and soft drinks, often introduced through bottling operations, cap abrasion, or migration from plastic containers and multilayer packaging&nbsp;materials.1-4Carbonated beverages and apple juice are commonly packaged in a variety of container types, including polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene (PE), aluminum cans, glass bottles, and multilayer cartons. Microplastics may shed into the product from the packaging materials or be generated during the preparation and filling stages. Factors like high-speed bottling, carbonation pressure, and storage conditions can further accelerate the release of microplastics into the liquid matrix.2,5&nbsp;Detecting microplastics in complex beverage formulations presents significant analytical challenges, primarily due to the presence of organic matter and mineral constituents in these products. Traditional techniques such as micro-Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (µFTIR) and µRaman spectroscopy can effectively identify and characterize microplastics in beverages, typically following digestion and density separation to avoid matrix-related interferences. Also, method development and sample run times for both techniques are often labor-intensive and low-throughput, limiting the number of samples that can be processed within a given timeframe.To address these limitations, the highly automated Agilent 8700 Laser Direct Infrared (LDIR) chemical imaging system (Figure 1) significantly improves sample throughput, enabling the rapid, accurate detection of microplastics in complex matrices following direct filtration. The system uses a Quantum Cascade Laser (QCL) that allows rapid and precise scanning across the mid-infrared (MIR) fingerprint region (1,800 to 975 cm–1), providing high-quality spectral data. It also provides high-quality imaging data using two high‑quality visual cameras that are fully controlled by the Agilent Clarity software. The software also includes preset methods such as Particle Analysis to simplify the analysis, as well as data reporting tools to aid interpretation and decision-making.This application note demonstrates the use of the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=8700+LDIR">8700&nbsp;LDIR</a> for the characterization of microplastics extracted from commercially available carbonated beverages and apple juice packaged in various container types. The particles were analyzed directly on aluminum-coated filters.<h4>Results and discussion</h4><h5>Carbonated beverages&nbsp;</h5>To locate particles and define their boundaries, the 8700 LDIR automated Particle Analysis workflow conducted an initial rapid scan over a selected area (~16 mm diameter per filter) using a fixed wavenumber (1,442 cm–1). Following detection, the system automatically acquired full infrared spectra for each particle across the spectral range. These spectra were then matched in real time against the Microplastics Starter 2.1 spectral library for identification.&nbsp;Although a residue layer was observed on the aluminum‑coated filters following filtration of the carbonated beverages, it did not interfere with the LDIR's particle detection or identification capabilities (Figure 3). As shown in Table 2, microplastics were identified in all three beverage samples, with particle counts of 50, 39, and 384 for samples 1, 2, and 3, respectively (HQI &gt; 0.85).&nbsp;PVC was detected across all container types, such as rPET (37 particles), aluminum can (25 particles), and glass, which unexpectedly exhibited the highest particle count (227&nbsp;particles). This may be attributed to the cap liner material (often a multilayer seal designed to prevent oxygen or moisture ingress) or potential cross-contamination during bottling through piping systems. PET microplastics were also identified in all samples, with particle sizes ranging from 20 to 500 µm (Table 2)<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>This study highlights the advantages of using the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=8700+LDIR">Agilent 8700 LDIR</a> chemical imaging system for characterizing microplastics in carbonated beverages and apple juice contained in various types of packaging. When consumed, these drinks may serve as potential sources of microplastic&nbsp;exposure.&nbsp;The 8700 LDIR enabled a direct on-filter analysis approach that significantly simplified the workflow by eliminating traditional preparation steps such as digestion and density separation, speeding up the analysis. The on-filter method reduced the potential for sample contamination while enhancing recovery rates and sample representativeness by enabling filtration of the entire product volume.&nbsp;The two-position filter holder facilitated the automated, sequential analysis of both a procedural blank and sample under identical conditions, supporting an accurate quality control process.&nbsp;The automated Particle Analysis method in the Agilent Clarity software was used to detect and process data from microplastics contained on the two filters. The software automatically searched the microplastics IR spectral library to identify the polymer type of each particle, providing a "Hit Quality Index" confidence rating for each result. Using this fast and automated workflow, the 8700 LDIR characterized the microplastic content of the beverages with minimal operator&nbsp;input.&nbsp;The detailed chemical and physical information generated for each particle by the 8700 provides valuable insight into microplastic pollution, particularly in food and beverages. This data supports the identification of potential contamination sources and facilitates assessment of their broader environmental and human health impact of microplastics.<h3>2. LECO: Determination of Moisture and Ash in Graphite</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/TGA_801_MOISTURE_ASH_GRAPHITE_203_821_676_7d4113f853.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Graphite is a stable form of carbon that exists in nature or can be synthetically produced. Graphite has many applications in our daily lives including its use in pencils, lubricants, electrodes, batteries, and carbon fiber. Synthetic graphite is a man-made substance manufactured by the high temperature processing of amorphous carbon materials. The types of amorphous carbon used as precursors to graphite are many, and can be derived from petroleum, coal, or natural and synthetic organic materials. Synthetic graphite is more pure in terms of carbon content and tends to behave more predictably. Graphite is a very popular material used in electronics and batteries due to its great conductive properties. It is the most commonly used substance to serve as the anode material in lithium-ion batteries due to its relatively low-cost and its energy density. Graphite in the form of carbon fibers is nearly five times stronger than steel and three times lighter. Therefore, carbon fibers and sheets have a wide variety of uses in the manufacturing world, including the automotive, aerospace, military, sporting equipment and construction industries.&nbsp;The purity or grade of graphite is directly related to its suitability for different applications. The purer the graphite, the lower the ash content. The ash values of graphite samples can be utilized to compare the relative purity of various grades of graphite. Therefore, ash determination in graphite is a useful quality control process in the graphite industry.<h4>Instrument Model and Configuration&nbsp;</h4>Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is an analytical technique in which changes in sample mass, due to changes in the physical and chemical properties of materials, is measured as a function of temperature and/or time. TGA is commonly used to determine selected characteristics of materials that exhibit either mass loss, or gain, due to decomposition, oxidation, or loss of volatile materials such as moisture. Macro TGA systems typically use a nominal one-gram sample mass to allow more accurate mass change measurements in heterogeneous materials.&nbsp;The LECO <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1-24&amp;search=TGA801">TGA801</a> is a macro thermogravimetric analyzer designed to determine moisture, volatile and ash content of materials by measuring the change in mass of the sample as a function of the oven temperature while controlling the atmosphere and ventilation rate. The TGA801 allows up to 19 samples to be analyzed simultaneously.<h3>3. Shimadzu: Determination of Additive and Trace Elements in Lubricating Oil Using ICP-MS</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_01_00921_en_047409a59a.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul><h4>User Benefits</h4><ul><li>Metal elements in lubricating oil can be accurately analyzed by dilution with organic solvents.</li><li>Solvent-resistant peristaltic pump tubing enables the addition of internal standard elements in-line, even for organic solvent analysis, thereby eliminating the need for manual addition.</li></ul>Organic metal compounds are added to lubricating oil to provide various functional properties. Therefore, monitoring the concentrations of these additivesisimportant for ensuring quality control. In addition, the analysis of wear metals and contaminant metals in lubricating oils (engine oils) used in automobiles and shipsis a crucial method for assessing the condition of the engine. Traditionally, these analyses have utilized ICP Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) as outlined in ASTM D4951-141) and ASTM D5185-182). However, for the analysis of trace metal elements that are difficult to detect with ICP-OES, the more sensitive ICP massspectrometry (ICP-MS) is more suitable.&nbsp;In this Application News, lubricating oil was diluted with organic solvents, and the additives and trace elements in the oil were analyzed using the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=ICPMS-2050">ICP-MS 2050</a> (Fig. 1). To verify the accuracy of the analytical results,spike recoveries were also evaluated.<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>In this Application News, the analysis of metal elements in lubricating oil was performed using the ICPMS-2050 with the organic solvent injection system. Good spike recoveries were achieved, confirming that trace metal elements in lubricating oil can be accurately quantified with a simple sample preparation involving only dilution with organic solvents. Since it is possible to analyze without the complex procedures required for acid decomposition, the risk of volatilization or contamination of the analytes during the sample preparation process is reduced. Additionally, the use of solvent-resistant peristaltic pump tubing enables the in-line addition of internal standard elements, further reducing the time required forsample preparation.<h3>4. Waters Corporation: AAV Aggregate Quantitation and Identification with the Aura System</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/720009095_en_868c97aba9.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) have transformed gene therapies by enabling the targeted delivery of curative genetic payloads.1 However, the amount of AAV material available is consistently in short supply due to its inherently expensive, time-consuming, and laborious production process.1 Regardless, critical quality attributes still need to be measured throughout development. Subvisible particles are perhaps the most important parameter to monitor because they lead to adverse immunogenicity events. Thus, this data must be provided to the FDA during the review process.2 Additionally, measuring the stability of the capsid is an indicator of the shelf life and efficacy of the product.&nbsp;The <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2190">Aura™ platform</a> is the first ultra-low-volume, subvisible particle analysis system that quantitatively characterizes the stability of different AAV serotypes with as little as 5 µL. This application note demonstrates how several AAV serotypes tend to form large, subvisible aggregates that cannot be predicted using other techniques. It explores the stability and subvisible particle formation in AAV2, AAV5, and AAV8 under different stress conditions and compare the results to stability predictions made by differential scanning calorimetry. In addition, it analyzes the nature of the subvisible aggregates using complete morphological analysis and fluorescence membrane microscopy (FMM) using as low as 10 µL per AAV sample.<h4>Results and Discussion&nbsp;</h4>Subvisible particle aggregation was observed as a function of serotype and stress conditions with as little as 10 µL per sample (Figure 1). When unstressed AAV samples (samples processed and measured directly from the vial) were compared to each other, the AAV2 (Figure 1a) sample contained less subvisible particles compared to the AAV5 (Figure 1b) and AAV8 (Figure 1c) samples, respectively. Increased levels of protein aggregation were observed in all AAV samples after stressing the samples at 73 °C for 2 hours, though each serotype produced aggregates with different morphologies. The stressed AAV2 produced well-defined small to large granular particles (Figure 1d) while stressed AAV5 contained large fibrillar structures (Figure 1e). The stressed AAV8 sampled (Figure 1f) denatured into a film-like matrix that spread throughout the membrane, resulting in no discernable subvisible particles but showing complete sample degradation.The Aura System detects and distinguishes the particles formed in different AAV serotypes, both in unstressed and stressed samples. The data generated demonstrated that neat, unstressed samples contain visible aggregates and that each AAV serotype forms different types of aggregates, from granular (AAV2), through fibrillar (AAV5) to fully denatured films (AAV8), when they were thermally stressed. Thermally stressing the AAV2 samples at 73 °C for 2 hours produced a significantly lower number of particles compared to the AAV5 and AAV8 samples, respectively<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>The <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2190">Aura platform</a> delivered both quantitative and qualitative protein aggregation information for several AAV serotypes under different conditions with volumes as low as 10 µL per sample. In comparison, this is &lt;30X the volume typically required with the most advanced low volume flow imager and &lt;1000X lower volume than light obscuration systems. The ability to image brightfield (BMI) and fluorescence (FMM) images at the same time also defines what is protein and what is not in the ThT-stained samples. The Aura System helps characterize your AAV samples with the lowest volume requirements, the highest throughput (&lt;1 minute/sample) and reveals the greatest insights into their stability.&nbsp;

News from LabRulezICPMS Library - Week 47, 2025

Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezICPMS Library in the week of 24th November 2025? Check out new documents from the field of spectroscopy/spectrometry and related techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT SPECTROSCOPY/SPECTROMETRY RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezLCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezGCMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring you application notes by Agilent Technologies, LECO, Shimadzu and Waters Corporation!<h3>1. Agilent Technologies: Precursor Detection Using an Agilent Resolve Tactical Handheld Raman Analyzer</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ab_precursor_detection_raman_5994_8582en_agilent_898ffaec34.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Chemicals used in the illicit manufacturing of narcotic drugs and psychoactive substances are known as "drug precursors". Drug precursors include chemicals that are one reaction away from being the drug (e.g. 4-ANPP to fentanyl), chemicals that are used in a wide range of legal applications from fragrances (e.g. benzaldehyde) to solvents (e.g. toluene), and chemicals that are multiple reaction steps away from the drug itself, sometimes called a "pre-precursor". The resulting "pre-precursor" may be sufficiently different from the main precursor that it circumnavigates legislation, mobilizing drug synthesis to any country.&nbsp;The <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=Agilent+Resolve+tactical+handheld+Raman">Agilent Resolve tactical handheld Raman analyzer</a> uses spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) technology to identify hazardous materials, explosives, and narcotics concealed behind single and multiple barriers. These barriers can include colored and opaque plastics, glass, paper, card, wrapping, and fabrics. The combination of SORS, high data quality, reduced fluorescence interference, and a library continuously updated with new psychoactive substances makes the Resolve a powerful tool in the detection and identification of controlled substances. As of library version 43, over 80 different precursors can be identified using Resolve.<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>The Agilent Resolve tactical handheld Raman analyzer can be used for the fast, direct identification of drug precursors in the original packaging. Direct analysis using the Resolve minimizes the risk of accidental exposure to the compounds by law enforcers.<h3>2. LECO: Determination of Nitrogen in Plastics</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/FP_928_NITROGEN_PLASTICS_203_821_669_36a7a7552c.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>The plastics industry is currently one of the largest manufacturing industries worldwide and shows continued growth. Plastics have a wide array of applications such as packaging, medical supplies, automotive parts, insulation, and many more. Plastics consist of a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic materials, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which are composed of polymers. Compounds containing Nitrogen are commonly used in the manufacturing of plastic materials such as initializers, plasticizers, stabilizers, and various polymerization modifiers. These compounds play an important role in the physical and mechanical properties of the plastic material. The determination of Nitrogen is crucial in the material characterization and quality control procedures for the manufacturing and molding process of plastic materials.&nbsp;The classical method utilized for Nitrogen determination in organic materials is the Kjeldahl method which involves sample digestion, distillation, and ammonia determination typically by titration. This method involves time-consuming sample preparation and the use of hazardous materials. The LECO FP928 is a Nitrogen determinator that utilizes an automated Dumas combustion method and provides accurate and precise results in approximately five minutes. This eliminates involved sample preparation and the use of hazardous materials resulting in a cost-effective method for the quality control of plastic production.&nbsp;<h4>Instrument Model and Configuration&nbsp;</h4>The <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=24&amp;search=FP928">LECO FP928</a> is a macro combustion Nitrogen determinator that utilizes a pure Oxygen environment in a high-temperature horizontal ceramic combustion furnace, using ceramic or Nickel combustion boats designed to handle macro sample masses (~1.0 g). A thermoelectric cooler removes moisture from the combustion gases before they are collected in a ballast. The gases equilibrate and mix in the ballast before a representative aliquot (3 cm3 or 10 cm3 volume) of the gas is extracted and introduced into a flowing stream of inert carrier gas (Helium or Argon) for analysis. The aliquot of gas is carried through a heated reduction tube, filled with Copper, to convert Nitrogen Oxide combustion gas species (NOx) to Nitrogen (N2). The aliquot gas is then carried to a thermal conductivity cell (TC) for the detection of Nitrogen (N2)<h4>TYPICAL RESULTS&nbsp;</h4>Data was generated utilizing a linear, force through origin calibration using 502-602 Ammonium Solution (0.1% N). The calibration was verified using 502-601 Ammonium Solution (0.01% N). All reference materials and samples were weighed and analyzed at ~1.0 g. Approximately 2 ml of deionized water was added to the samples prior to analysis to reduce sooting.<h3>3. Shimadzu: Quantitative Analysis of Antacid (Aluminum) in Drug by EDX (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=EDX-7200">EDX-7200</a>)</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_01_00695_en_018864d4e9.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul><h4>User Benefits</h4><ul><li>The titration method and atomic absorption spectrophotometry require complex sample preparation, but with EDX, analysis is possible with simple sample preparation.</li><li>The analysis time is only a few minutes, contributing to work efficiency.</li><li>Repeatability is good, and highly accurate results can be obtained.</li></ul>Aluminum (Al) compounds such as aluminum hydroxide gel and synthetic hydrotalcite are widely used as antacids because they have the effect of neutralizing excess stomach acid and reducing irritation of the stomach wall. At pharmaceutical manufacturing sites, the titration method or atomic absorption spectrophotometry is generally adopted for control of antacids in drug products, but these analytical methods have the problems shown in the following Table 1.&nbsp;Because the energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (EDX) enables analysis with only simple sample preparation, and the analysis time is also short, at a few minutes per sample, higher analysis efficiency can be expected. For this reason, EDX has attracted attention as an alternative analytical method to the titration method and atomic absorption spectrophotometry. This article introduces an example of an analysis of an antacid (Al) used in commercially-available drugs.<h4>Comparison of Unknown Sample Analysis by EDX with Titration Method&nbsp;</h4>Three unknown samples were prepared (n = 3 for each sample material), and a quantitative analysis was conducted. Table 4 shows the results. The relative error of the average values obtained by the EDX method to the quantitative values obtained by the titration method showed a satisfactory correlation of 3.5 % or less.&nbsp;A significance test of the difference in the quantitative values by the two methods was carried out assuming a significance level of 5 %. Because the null hypothesis “no difference” is not rejected, it cannot be concluded that there is a difference between the two methods.EDX is a potential alternative to the titration method, and the evaluation of that possibility is based on a total judgment, including the number of unknown sample materials, the control range of the amount of addition, the variance between the two methods(homogeneity of variance test) and other factors<h4>Conclusion</h4><ol><li>EDX has the following advantages:&nbsp;</li><li>Analysis is possible with simple sample preparation.&nbsp;</li><li>Short analysis with a few minutes.&nbsp;</li><li>High repeatability.&nbsp;</li><li>Easy analysis operation.&nbsp;</li></ol>EDX is expected to be used as an alternative to the titration method in research and development and quality control work.<h3>4. Waters Corporation: Subvisible Particles: Why Don’t I Just Filter My Biologic Samples?</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/720009113_en_ccc2bf4650.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Filtration of a therapeutic is often cited as a key method to remove particles generated during the manufacturing process. From ultrafiltration and diafiltration (UF/DF) to tangential flow filtration (TFF), several methods are employed throughout the bioprocess to remove aggregates and other product impurities.1 While filtration removes preformed particles, including subvisible particles (SVPs), it does not account for the inherent instability of biologic samples, and thus subvisible aggregates can be generated over time even after filtration2 . In addition, the expansion in the complexity of biologic therapies leads to additional challenges during the manufacturing process from purification to filtration. In some cases, filtration cannot be applied as is the case with cell-based therapies. Therefore, all biologics need to be formulated to be stable over the long term, regardless of filtration.&nbsp;In this application note, we use <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2190">Aura® System</a> and backgrounded membrane imaging (BMI) to explore the effect of filtration on three different biologic formulations, two therapeutic proteins and a lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulation. We analyze for the presence of SVPs in these three sample types immediately after filtration and sequentially over a two-week period. Here, we learned that filtration greatly reduces the original SVP content, but SVP formation continues to increase as a function of time with a rate that is sample dependent.<h4>Results and Discussion&nbsp;</h4><h5>Impact of Filtration on SVP Counts&nbsp;</h5>In this small study across the three different samples tested (Protein 1, Protein 2 and LNPs), a significant amount (&gt;90%) of subvisible particles (&gt;0.2 µm) were removed by a single round of filtration using a 0.2 µm syringe filter. Interestingly, filtration did not remove all particles larger than the size threshold of the filter, and thus highlights the limited efficiency on SVP clearance (Figure 1a). An explanation for this includes that a single round of filtration itself is imperfect and often biologics are filtered more than once and through various methods.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Sample filtration is used as an integral part of the bioprocess to remove extraneous particles from the final drug product; however, it does not fix the inherent stability of biomolecules. Stability itself is governed by thermodynamics: time, temperature and the chemical nature of the sample and its formulation. Subvisible particles are the most important stability parameter: they highlight the presence of large physiologically relevant aggregates with the capacity to affect both safety and efficacy of any final drug product. What we have shown is that cleaning the final product using filtration doesn’t result in a stable particle-free sample risking drug efficacy and patient safety. Applying Aura System in your workflow enables rapid long-term stability assessment via a low volume, high throughput assay.

News from LabRulezICPMS Library - Week 48, 2025

Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezICPMS Library in the week of 1st December 2025? Check out new documents from the field of spectroscopy/spectrometry and related techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT SPECTROSCOPY/SPECTROMETRY RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezLCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezGCMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring you application notes by Agilent Technologies, LECO, Shimadzu and Waters Corporation!<h3>1. Agilent Technologies: Determination of 21 Elements in Fertilizers using Autodilution with ICP-OES</h3>Automated analysis of multinutrient fertilizers by Agilent 5800 VDV ICP-OES and ADS 2 autodilutor<ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_elements_fertilizers_autodilution_5800_icp_oes_5994_8647en_14e33bca6a.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Crop production relies heavily on fertilizers to achieve high yields, maintain soil fertility, and support sustainable agricultural practices. Fertilizers typically contain high concentrations of essential macronutrients like nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), plus lower levels of secondary and micronutrients. In addition to these beneficial elements, fertilizers may also contain contaminants such as heavy metals introduced during manufacturing or from raw materials. To ensure product efficacy, safety, and regulatory compliance, multiple nutrients and potential contaminants must be accurately measured. However, the number of analytes, concentration range, and sample-to-sample variability present significant analytical challenges for laboratories requiring robust, high-throughput, and accurate quantitative methods.Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) is a powerful technique that is widely used for the simultaneous analysis of multiple elements in complex sample matrices like fertilizers.1,2 Traditional workflows, however, often require manual preparation of calibration standards and tailored sample dilutions, processes that are time-consuming, error-prone, and can introduce contamination. Modern automation technologies such as the Agilent Advanced Dilution System (ADS 2) simplify the analysis, freeing analysts to focus on more productive tasks.3,4 Also, by enabling automatic, reactive dilutions based on sample concentration, the ADS 2 avoids manual intervention, reduces consumable usage, and improves data quality. Some key features of the ADS 2 include:&nbsp;<ul><li>Autocalibration: Automatic generation of calibration curves from one or more stock solutions. This feature significantly reduces time spent on standard preparation, minimizes waste of single-use consumables, and lowers the risk of human error, simplifying the workflow and improving data reliability.&nbsp;</li><li>Prescriptive dilutions: Automatic dilution of solutions or samples by a known (prescribed) dilution factor before analysis. This feature is useful in labs where routine dilutions occur, eliminating a time-consuming manual step from daily workflows.&nbsp;</li><li>Reactive dilutions: Automatic real-time dilution of overrange samples that exceed calibration limits. This feature eliminates the need for manual dilutions or rework after the analysis, allowing greater flexibility and efficiency within a single method.&nbsp;</li><li>Summary Row: A smart software feature that selects and displays the best measurement from multiple iterations, while retaining access to all underlying data. This feature streamlines data review and significantly reduces the time spent on manual processing and reporting.&nbsp;</li></ul>In this study, the Agilent 5800 Vertical Dual View (VDV) ICP-OES with ADS 2 autodilutor was used to determine 21 elements in multinutrient fertilizers. The elements included aluminum, arsenic, boron, calcium, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, potassium, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, sodium, nickel, phosphorus, lead, sulfur, selenium, vanadium, and zinc.<h4>Experimental&nbsp;</h4><h5>Instrumentation&nbsp;</h5>The <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=5800+VDV+ICP-OES">Agilent 5800 VDV ICP-OES</a> was configured with the integrated Agilent Advanced Switching Valve (AVS 7), ADS 2 autodilutor, and Agilent SPS 4 autosampler (Figure 1). The AVS and ADS 2 operate seamlessly together to enhance sample throughput, reduce turnaround time, and lower cost-per-sample. The ADS 2 enabled automated, precise preparation of calibration standards and sample dilutions, minimizing analyst workload and consumables use. Importantly, its integration with the AVS 7 ensures that no additional time is added when dilution is not required, overcoming a common limitation of other dilution systems. The SPS 4 autosampler provided automated sample delivery to the instrument. The 5800 ICP-OES was equipped with a SeaSpray nebulizer, double-pass cyclonic spray chamber, and Agilent semi-demountable VDV torch with a 1.8 mm id injector. All components were controlled by the Agilent ICP Expert Pro software5 (the ADS 2 is compatible with ICP Expert software version 7.7 or later). Automated Fitted Background Correction (FBC) was selected for background correction of each analyte.6<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>The Agilent 5800 VDV ICP-OES paired with the Agilent ADS 2 autodilutor enabled the fast, high-throughput, multi-elemental analysis of fertilizer samples. The accurate quantification of 21 major and trace elements in microwave-digested fertilizer samples was assisted by the following features of the ADS 2:&nbsp;<ul><li>Autocalibration: Calibration standards from 0 to 10 mg/L were automatically prepared from a single stock solution, minimizing manual preparation and ensuring consistent, accurate calibration across the range. Additional higher concentration standards were used for selected elements.&nbsp;</li><li>Prescriptive dilutions: Automatic dilution of solutions were performed using a known (prescribed) dilution factor before analysis, removing time-consuming and error-prone manual dilutions of the SRM samples.&nbsp;</li><li>Reactive dilution: Overrange analyte concentrations in two fertilizer samples triggered dynamic, real-time dilution, eliminating the need for prescreening or manual intervention. This reactive dilution capability streamlined the workflow.&nbsp;</li><li>Summary Row: The software feature automatically selected and displayed the most reliable results from multiple measurements of each fertilizer sample, simplifying data review while maintaining full traceability.</li></ul>The automated-ICP-OES method produced high-quality results, with MDLs below 1 mg/kg for most elements. Accuracy was excellent, with all recoveries for both NIST 695 fertilizer SRM and spiked fertilizer samples falling within 100 ± 10% of expected values. The method also demonstrated excellent stability and robustness over nine hours. Following a 10x automatic prescriptive dilution of each QC using the ADS 2, recoveries ranged from 95 to 105%, with %RSDs below 3.5% for all elements, demonstrating the reproducibility of the autodilutor.&nbsp;This study confirms the suitability of the 5800 VDV ICP-OES for quantifying major, minor, and trace nutrients, as well as contaminant elements, in three commercial fertilizers— supporting regulatory compliance and product quality assurance. Productivity of the method was further enhanced by the ADS 2, which minimized manual handling and reduced the risk of errors during standard and sample preparation.<h3>2. LECO: Determination of Nitrogen in Fertilizer</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/FP_828_NITROGEN_FERTILIZER_203_821_625_5c75967878.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Nitrogen is one of the most important elements for plant development and is the macronutrient that is most often found to be deficient in arable soils used for crop production. Nitrogen plays a key role in the formation of enzymes and proteins, which promotes lush vigorous growth and development in plants that often leads to an increase in the yield from the plant. Fertilizers are utilized to re-introduce nitrogen back into arable soils. Fertilizers can be grouped by their makeup and/or origins into categories including inorganic and/or synthetic (including nitrates, ammonium, and urea) and organic (including compost materials and manures). The accurate and precise determination of nitrogen in all fertilizer types is not only important in the process of blending and preparing the fertilizer material for use, but also will have significant impact on the commercial value and guarantee of the fertilizer.&nbsp;The<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=24&amp;search=FP828"> LECO FP828</a> is a combustion nitrogen/protein determinator that utilizes a pure oxygen environment in a vertical quartz furnace. A thermoelectric cooler removes moisture from the combustion gases before they are collected in a ballast. The gases equilibrate and mix in the ballast before a representative aliquot (3 cm3 or 10 cm3 volume) of the combustion gas is extracted and introduced into a flowing stream of inert gas (helium or argon) for analysis. The aliquot gas is carried to a thermal conductivity (TC) cell for the detection of nitrogen (N2).<h4>Instrument Model and Configuration&nbsp;</h4>Thermal conductivity detectors work by detecting changes in the thermal conductivity of the analyte gas compared to a reference/carrier gas. The greater the difference between the thermal conductivity of the carrier gas and the analyte gas, the greater sensitivity of the detector. The FP828 supports either the use of helium or argon as the instrument's carrier gas. When used as a carrier gas, helium provides the highest sensitivity, and the best performance at the lower limit of the nitrogen range. Argon can also be used as a carrier gas. The thermal conductivity difference between argon and nitrogen is not as great as the thermal conductivity difference between helium and nitrogen, therefore the detector is inherently less sensitive when using argon as a carrier gas.<h4>TYPICAL RESULTS&nbsp;</h4>Data was generated utilizing a linear, forced through origin calibration using ~0.05 g of NIST 913b Uric Acid (33% N). Alternatively, LECO 503-530 LCRM Urea may be used for calibration. The calibration was verified using LECO 502-896 (Lot 1002) EDTA (9.57% N).<h3>3. Shimadzu: Cross-Sectional Analysis of Power Semiconductor and Silver Sintering Die Attach Material</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_01_00989_en_47b98a7a6e.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul><h4>User Benefits</h4><ul><li>Useful in evaluation of the particle shape of silver sintering die attach materials.</li><li>Useful in evaluation of the sintered condition, such as voids, and the diffusion of elements at the bonding interface in silver sintering.</li><li>Useful in research on surface properties, such as the film thickness in metalizing treatment</li></ul>Power semiconductors are used in a wide range of applications, from household electrical appliances and automotive devices to power transmission and distribution systems. Recently, SiC (silicon carbide) semiconductors, which allow high-temperature operation, have attracted attention as a substitute for conventional Si (silicon) semiconductors. With application of SiC, the operating temperature of power semiconductors is expected to increase to 200 ˚C or more in the future. However, in this case, the heat resistance of the die bond where semiconductor chips are bonded to a substrate becomes an issue, as high-temperature operation may cause deterioration or embrittlement of the joining material.&nbsp;Silver (Ag) sintering materials can withstand high temperatures exceeding 200 ˚C and have excellent thermal conductivity, enhancing heat dissipation and realizing improved temperature management of devices. Since embrittlement can be preventing by using Ag sintering materials, thereby improving the reliability of the bonds, Ag particles have attracted interest as a die bond material with excellent heat dissipation.&nbsp;This Application News article introduces an example of analysis of a power semiconductor using an EPMA electron probe microanalyzer (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=EPMA-8050G">EPMA-8050G</a>).<h4>Power Semiconductors&nbsp;</h4>With conventional Si semiconductor, a large amount of energy may be lost during power conversion, but energy loss can be improved significantly by introducing a SiC widegap power semiconductor. SiC has a wide bandgap and is superior in terms of pressure resistance and heat resistance due to its excellent thermal conductivity, which allows efficient management of generated heat and stable operation even under hightemperature environments 1), 2) .&nbsp;In the vertical package structure of a power semiconductor device, wiring is formed on the SiC device surface, and the heat generated by the semiconductor (die) is dissipated downward. The back of the SiC chip analyzed here was metalized by ion plating. Titanium (Ti) plating, nickel (Ni) plating, and gold (Au) plating were carried out. The AMB (Active Metal Brazing) substrate consisted of a three-layer structure of a pure copper (Cu) substrate, a ceramic substrate, and a pure Cu substrate. High bond strength and thermal conductivity were secured in the SiC chip and the AMB substrate by sintering Ag particles.&nbsp;<h4>Conclusion</h4>In response to high-temperature operation of power semiconductor devices, Ag particles have attracted considerable attention as a die bond material. Their high-temperature resistance and superior heat dissipation properties are expected to improve device reliability and are being utilized in research and development, such as evaluation of the bond interface.<h3>4. Waters Corporation: Identify and Characterize Particles in the Visible Size Range with <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2190">Aura</a></h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/720009112_en_ec644950a4.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Characterizing large visible contaminants is essential for patient safety and mandated by both USP 788, 790, and 1046. Drug formulations for parenteral injection are required to meet certain standards for subvisible particles (&gt;100 µm) and must be completely free of visible particles (&gt;1 µm–100 µm).1 Therefore, subvisible and visible particle analysis is necessary throughout the drug development process to ensure that products do not produce unwanted adverse side-effects or reductions in efficacy.2 However, traditional detection methods for subvisible and visible particles like dynamic flow imaging (FI) and light obscuration (LO) are plagued by a number of limitations that hamper analysis, including:<ul><li>Particle fragmentation, also known as clipping, observed during particle detection with flow imaging techniques.3</li><li>A low refractive index contrast encountered when measuring biologic particles in liquid media that makes it difficult to distinguish translucent particles from background.4</li><li>A small depth of focus in a wide fluidic channel area that exacerbates particle fragmentation and dramatically reduces sampling efficiency. This makes accurate large particle detection nearly impossible.</li><li>Clogging that occurs when visible particles flow through the fluidic chambers of flow-based systems like FI or LO.</li><li>Visible particle inspection performed by manual operators that is highly error prone.5</li></ul><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2190">Aura™ Systems</a> are powered by backgrounded membrane imaging (BMI), a USP 788 Method 2 compliant digital imaging method that conducts both subvisible and visible particle analysis. Calibrated using a microscopy reference slide, Aura provides accurate and linear data for particles up to 5.6 mm in equivalent circular diameter on 96-well small volume plates and 14 mm on 24-well large volume plates, well into the visible range.&nbsp;In this application note, we demonstrate the capability of Aura instruments and Particle Vue Software to characterize visible particle aggregates stemming from various biologic drug formulation processes. A comparison of both visible and subvisible NIST ethylene tetrafluoro ethylene (ETFE), large adeno-associated virus (AAV) aggregates, large cellular aggregates from CAR-T cell therapies, and large fibrous contaminants in cell therapies are used as models to illustrate how Aura can analyze a range of samples while providing accurate size characterizations. In addition, side illumination membrane images (SIMI) and fluorescent membrane microscopy images (FMM) provide further information about the visible particle samples and their nature.<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>Aura particle analysis systems and Particle Vue Software can analyze particles well into the visible size range, solving a long-standing analytical problem in biologic, cell, and gene therapy characterization. BMI enables accurate sizing and morphological determination of large aggregates and Aura’s FMM, present in both the Aura and Aura CL Systems, allows for specific particle identification to understand the nature and origin of the visible aggregates. Accurately size, characterize, and identify particles from small to large for all biological samples using Aura to ensure proper assessment of both visible and sub visible particles.

News from LabRulezICPMS Library - Week 49, 2025

Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezICPMS Library in the week of 8th December 2025? Check out new documents from the field of spectroscopy/spectrometry and related techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT SPECTROSCOPY/SPECTROMETRY RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezLCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezGCMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring you application notes by Agilent Technologies, LECO, and Shimadzu!<h3>1. Agilent Technologies: Measurement of Opaque Liquids with UV-Vis and ATR</h3>Combining the Agilent Cary 60 UV-Vis spectrophotometer with an ATR fiber-optic probe<ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_cary_60_atr_opaque_liquids_5994_8652en_agilent_e7b9efab4d.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Today, ATR is considered synonymous with FTIR spectroscopy, being the most widely used sampling technique. However, ATR can also be applied to UV-Vis spectroscopy, offering particular benefits for measuring opaque liquids with a fiber-optic probe.&nbsp;Samples such as paints, inks, food colorings, sunscreens, and liquid medications are often highly pigmented, rendering them optically opaque. In some cases, measurement of these types of samples using a standard 10 mm path length cuvette may be possible, but only after several hundred‑fold dilution, requiring significant solvent consumption and introducing the possibility of large dilution errors. In the case of emulsion samples such as paints and sunscreens, dilution is often not possible without the sample "splitting" and separating into its component parts.&nbsp;ATR spectroscopy is an innovative sampling technique that overcomes these challenges. In ATR, incident light from the spectrometer is directed into a measurement crystal at an angle. Internal reflections within the crystal generate an evanescent wave at the crystal surface, allowing samples in direct contact with the crystal to interact with the standing wave and absorb some of the light energy.&nbsp;In a UV-Vis fiber-optic ATR probe, a commonly used crystal is sapphire, with the incident light directed into the crystal to form an angle of 60° at the crystal surface. The crystal is designed to create three bounces at the surfaces (Figure&nbsp;1). The "effective height" of the wave above the surface is a function of the relative refractive indices of the crystal and the sample medium, the angle of incidence, and the wavelength. The multiple bounces extend the effective path length. For this probe, the effective pathlength at 250&nbsp;nm is approximately 3 μm and increases to approximately 13 μm at 1,000&nbsp;nm.<h4>Experimental&nbsp;</h4>Example data were collected using a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=Cary+60+UV-Vis">Cary 60 UV-Vis spectrophotometer </a>equipped with a fiber-optic interface and Hellma Katana XP 6, 3-bounce ATR probe (Hellma part number PK1KSSZUEASM210N). Spectra were collected by first measuring a baseline using the clean crystal, followed by sample measurement with the crystal immersed in the sample. The Agilent <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=Cary+WinUV">Cary WinUV software</a> was used to collect the spectra as well as to process the measured spectra. All spectra were collected using the measurement conditions shown in Table 1.<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>This application note demonstrates how an Agilent Cary 60 UV-Vis spectrophotometer, when combined with a Hellma Katana XP 6 ATR probe, provides a practical and easy-to-use solution for measuring optically opaque liquids that would otherwise require extensive dilution, and for monitoring reactions with absorbance changes too large for conventional methods. The Cary 60 UV-Vis with the ATR probe combination is a powerful tool for a wide range of applications, including routine quality control, R&amp;D studies, and research and teaching laboratories.<h3>2. LECO: Determination of Nitrogen/Protein in Meat and Plant-Based Meat Alternatives</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/FP_828_NITROGEN_PROTEIN_MEAT_PLANT_BASED_MEAT_ALTERNATIVES_203_821_680_266d8d12f8.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Protein is one of the most significant nutrient components in food products. The accurate and precise determination of protein not only plays a role in the characterization of nutritional or dietary value in food materials but is also the key to the economic value of these materials. Protein in meat products is most commonly calculated using the measured nitrogen content in the sample and a multiplier or conversion factor (commonly 6.25). Nitrogen determination is performed using either the classical wet chemical method (Kjeldahl) or a combustion method (Dumas). The Kjeldahl method involves sample digestion, distillation, and ammonia determination typically by titration. This method involves time-consuming sample preparation and the use of hazardous materials. The LECO FP828 is a nitrogen determinator that utilizes an automated combustion (Dumas) method and provides accurate and precise results in approximately three minutes. This eliminates involved sample preparation and the use of hazardous materials resulting in a rapid, cost-effective method for the quality control of the production of meat and plant-based protein products.<h4>Instrument Model and Configuration&nbsp;</h4>The <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=24&amp;search=FP828">LECO FP828</a> is a combustion Nitrogen/Protein determinator that utilizes a pure Oxygen environment in a vertical quartz furnace, ensuring complete combustion and superior analyte recovery. A thermoelectric cooler removes moisture from the combustion gases before they are collected in a ballast. The combustion gases equilibrate and mix in the ballast before a representative aliquot (3 cm3 or 10 cm3 volume) of the gas is extracted and introduced into a flowing stream of inert gas (Helium or Argon) for analysis. The aliquot gas is carried to a thermal conductivity cell (TC) for the detection of Nitrogen (N2).Thermal conductivity detectors work by detecting changes in the thermal conductivity of the analyte gas compared to a reference/carrier gas. The greater the difference between the thermal conductivity of the carrier gas and the analyte gas, the greater sensitivity of the detector.&nbsp;The FP828 supports either the use of Helium or Argon as the instrument's carrier gas. When used as a carrier gas, Helium provides the highest sensitivity, and the best performance at the lower limit of the Nitrogen range.&nbsp;The thermal conductivity difference between Argon and Nitrogen is not as great as the thermal conductivity difference between Helium and Nitrogen, therefore the detector is inherently less sensitive when using Argon as a carrier gas.<h4>TYPICAL RESULTS&nbsp;</h4>Data was generated utilizing a linear, force through origin calibration using ~0.25 g of LECO 502-896 (Lot 1007) LCRM EDTA (9.59% N). The calibration † was verified using ~0.1 g of LECO 502-642 (Lot 1020) LCRM Phenylalanine (8.46% N). A protein factor of 6.25 was used for all samples to calculate the protein content.<h3>3. Shimadzu: Analysis of Combustion Ash from Biomass Power Generation by EDXRF</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_01_00716_en_9995b70230.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul><h4>User Benefits</h4><ul><li>EDXRF enables analysis of Na and K, which cause fluidization problems (agglomeration) in circulating fluidized bed boilers in biomass power generation.</li><li>Simple qualitative/quantitative analysis of elements is possible with minimal sample preparation.</li><li>Comparative analysis of heterogeneous samples in the as-received condition and in the homogenized condition after crushing is possible.</li></ul>In biomass power generation, electricity is generated by using bioresources (biomass) derived from animal and plant sources as a carbon neutral fuel. Biomass power is expected to contribute to reducing total CO2 emissions, and in recent years, the number of woody biomass power plants using wood chips, pellets, and palm kernelshells(PKS) hasincreased. Circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers used in woody biomass power generation generate power by circulating and burning biomass fuel together with silica sand, which is as a fluidized bed medium. However, alkali metal elements (Na, K) contained in the fuel adhere to the surface of the silica sand and combustion ash, causing the particles to stick together and form agglomerates (lumps, coarse particles), which are considered to cause boiler damage and fluidization problems (agglomeration) in the fluidized bed 1) .&nbsp;In this article, a Qual-Quant analysis of PKS combustion ash and its coarse particles was conducted using an <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=EDX-8100">EDX-8100</a> energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (EDXRF). Since adhesion of alkali metal elements was detected on the surface of agglomerated lumps, which are considered to cause the problem of agglomeration, analysis of combustion ash by EDXRF can contribute to operational management of combustion furnaces by monitoring the conditionsin the combustion furnace.<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>Based on the results of a qualitative analysis of lumps (coarse particles of bottom ash), which are thought to cause agglomeration (defluidization) of the fluidized bed, in the combustion ash of PKS, it was found that alkali metal elements (Na and K) had adhered to the surface of the particles. Since EDXRF enables Qual-Quant analysis of elements with only simple sample preparation, it is considered a useful technique for monitoring the progress of agglomeration and deterioration of the silica sand in the power generation using PKS or woody biomass. Periodic measurements by EDXRF can also be expected to prevent damage and deterioration in combustion furnaces and equipmentstops due to defluidization.

News from LabRulezICPMS Library - Week 50, 2025

Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezICPMS Library in the week of 15th December 2025? Check out new documents from the field of spectroscopy/spectrometry and related techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT SPECTROSCOPY/SPECTROMETRY RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezLCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezGCMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring you application notes by Agilent Technologies, Metrohm and Shimadzu!<h3>1. Agilent Technologies: Measurement of Bidirectional Transmittance Distribution Function</h3>Using the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=Cary+7000">Agilent Cary 7000</a> universal measurement spectrophotometer<ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_btdf_cary_7000_ums_5994_8679en_agilent_c2ced43759.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>The bidirectional transmittance distribution function (BTDF) is a fundamental concept in optical metrology, describing how light is transmitted through a material in various directions. Understanding BTDF is essential for characterizing the optical properties of materials.&nbsp;To address BTDF, it is important to first understand the bidirectional scattering distribution function (BSDF). BSDF encompasses both the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) and BTDF. While BRDF measures how light is reflected off a surface, BTDF focuses on the transmission of light through a material. Together, these functions provide a comprehensive picture of how light interacts with materials, enabling precise characterization of their optical&nbsp;behavior.1,3&nbsp;BTDF measurements are used in diverse fields to understand how light is transmitted through materials. In computer graphics, BTDF data enables realistic rendering of materials, enhancing visual simulations and animations with lifelike quality.4 Remote sensing relies on BTDF to calibrate satellite sensors, improving the accuracy of earth observation data necessary for monitoring environmental changes and weather patterns.5 Optical device design benefits from BTDF measurements by optimizing the performance of lenses, diffusers, and light-emitting devices, ensuring efficient light transmission.4 In materials science, BTDF characterizes the optical properties of new materials, aiding in the development of advanced composites and coatings.6 The food industry uses BTDF to assess the quality and consistency of products through their optical characteristics, which is vital for quality control.6 The solar industry uses BTDF to enhance the efficiency of solar panels and photovoltaic devices by understanding light transmission properties.6 Additionally, the aerospace sector uses BTDF to evaluate the optical properties of materials used in satellites and other space applications, ensuring reliable performance under various&nbsp;conditions.4&nbsp;The focus of this work is to demonstrate that BTDF measurements in the visible and near-infrared (NIR) spectral range can be easily performed using the Agilent&nbsp;Cary 7000 universal measurement spectrophotometer (UMS), Figure 1. Alternatively, the Agilent Cary 5000 and 6000i instruments equipped with the universal measurement accessory (UMA) may also be used for BTDF measurements. These instruments offer automated control over detector position, sample rotation, and polarization, making BTDF measurements straightforward and&nbsp;reliable.<h4>Setup for the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=Cary+7000">Cary 7000 UMS&nbsp;</a></h4>The Cary 7000 UMS was used for measurements of directional and bidirectional transmittance with in-plane geometries ranging from −85° to 85° viewing angles. The instrument is easily configured using Agilent Cary WinUV software, as shown in Figures 4 and 5, and method parameters are summarized in Table 1. The source system included a quartz tungsten-halogen lamp and a deuterium arc lamp for UV illumination, coupled with a Littrow out-of-plane DMC. The DMC output slit provided a 4 nm bandwidth for the illuminating beam. The optics directed the beam onto a chopper, forming a double-beam photometric configuration. The reference beam monitored the illumination source for any drift in intensity, while the sample beam was shaped by vertical and horizontal slits to control convergence, resulting in an approximately 5.0 × 4.5 mm beam spot on the sample.&nbsp;The detection system included a set of turntables regulated by an optical encoder wheel with an angular resolution of 0.02°. The sample holder and detector turntables set the incident and viewing zenith angles within ± 85°. If BRDF were to be performed, excluded angles would be between ± 10° due to shadowing by the detector. The detector setup featured a calibrated aperture with an 18.00 mm diameter and a sample-to-detector-aperture distance of 129 mm, resulting in a solid angle of 0.0153 sr. The scattered light was collected by an off‑axis mirror onto a dual-band Si/InGaAs photodetector for the visible and NIR wavelength range.<h4>Results and discussion</h4><h5>BTDF measurement by the Cary 7000&nbsp;UMS&nbsp;</h5>The Cary 7000 UMS was used to measure the spectral BTDF of two samples: fused synthetic silica (HOD‑500) and porous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Measurements were conducted across the wavelength range of 450 to 1,650 nm in 50 nm intervals, and viewing zenith angles from –35° to 35° in 5° steps. Figures 6 and 7 illustrate the BTDF results for both samples. Figure 6A shows the BTDF of the HOD‑500 sample, while Figure 6B presents the BTDF of the PTFE sample. Both samples exhibited near-Lambertian characteristics and a smooth increase in BTDF as a function of wavelength.<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>The Cary 7000 universal measurement spectrophotometer (UMS) is an effective and user-friendly instrument for assessing the bidirectional transmittance distribution function (BTDF) across visible and near-infrared wavelengths. Its automated features, including detector positioning, sample rotation, and polarization control, streamline the measurement process, ensuring simplicity and reliability. The Cary 7000 UMS consistently delivers precise results with acceptable levels of uncertainty, making it ideal for routine BTDF assessments. Its intuitive interface and seamless integration with Cary WinUV software make it versatile for various optical metrology applications, offering a practical solution for both researchers and industry professionals.<h3>2. Metrohm: Online zinc/nickel plating bath analysis with X-ray fluorescence</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_pan_1069_download_66948900d9.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Electroplating is a technique that uses electrical current to apply a thin coating of one material, such as nickel or zinc, onto the surface of another material, such as copper. Zinc and zinc-based alloys, such as zinc-nickel (Zn/Ni), are commonly used to protect steel from corrosion. Zn-Ni alloys are especially popular, as they offer a corrosion resistance that is greater than that of pure zinc [2,3].&nbsp;Both alkaline and acidic Zn/Ni baths are commonly used for electroplating (Figure 1). Each bath type offers unique advantages depending on the application [4]. Alkaline Zn/Ni baths are known for producing highly uniform coatings with good throwing power, making them ideal for complexshaped components. On the other hand, acidic Zn/Ni baths offer higher deposition rates and can deliver smooth, bright finishes that are often preferred for aesthetic applications [4].Electroplating baths are sensitive to various processrelated fluctuations that significantly impact metal deposition and influence the final coating thickness and quality. These variations can arise due to changes in temperature, plating tank metal concentration levels, or contamination. Analyzing the bath solution frequently is crucial to maintain stable plating conditions and minimize material waste. Continuous monitoring of the plating solutions helps ensure that the concentration of metals remains within the optimal range.&nbsp;The metal content in electroplating baths is often measured manually in on-site laboratories. Classical wet chemistry techniques, AAS, and ICP-OES are commonly used for this purpose. While these methods are effective, they can be time consuming, require skilled personnel, and may not provide realtime data. This potentially leads to delayed corrections and material inefficiencies. Modern process analytical technologies (PAT) are increasingly being adopted in electroplating operations to automate and optimize the monitoring of plating baths. These systems continuously analyze critical bath parameters such as metal concentration, pH, temperature, and conductivity in real time. All these factors directly influence the quality and uniformity of the deposited metal coating.The <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=220&amp;search=2060+XRF+Process+Analyzer">2060 XRF Process Analyzer</a> from Metrohm Process Analytics (Figure 2) offers an effective solution to continuously monitor electroplating baths. By providing real-time measurements of metal concentrations such as Zn and Ni, this process analyzer helps maintain the ideal bath composition required for consistent and high-quality coatings.<h4>Conclusion</h4>The 2060 XRF Process Analyzer is a reliable solution for the metal finishing industry, offering real-time monitoring of zinc and nickel concentrations in electroplating baths. Its ability to continuously measure these key bath parameters ensures consistent coating quality, reduces material waste, and improves process efficiency.<h3>3. Shimadzu: Determination of Elemental Impurities in Petroleum Distillates Using ICP-MS ~ASTM D8110-17~</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_01_00922_en_0b99a9bc9e.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul><h4>User Benefits</h4><ul><li>&nbsp;Enables the analysis of elemental impurities in various kinds of petroleum distillates (light and middle distillates) with the sample preparation method that involves only dilution with organic solvents.</li><li>Metal elements in petroleum distillates (light and middle distillates) can be accurately analyzed over a long period of time.</li><li>Solvent-resistant peristaltic pump tubing enables the addition of internal standard elements in-line, even for organic solvent analysis, thereby eliminating the need for manual addition.</li></ul>The concentration of metal elements in petroleum products needs to be controlled due to concerns that they can act as catalyst poisons and affect product quality. Additionally, it is important to measure the concentration of heavy metals to reduce environmental impact during emissions. Traditionally, analytical methods using ICP Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICPOES), such as ASTM D7111-161), have been employed to determine metal elements in petroleum products. However, in recent years, there has been a demand for more sensitive analytical methods using ICP mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), such as ASTM D8110-172), to detecttrace amounts of metal elements.&nbsp;ASTM D8110-17 is the test method for the analysis of elements in petroleum distillates (light and middle distillates) using ICP-MS. Since this method involves diluting the sample with organic solvents, it is necessary to introduce organic solvent samples into the ICP-MS.&nbsp;In this Application News, various light and middle distillates were diluted with organic solvents in accordance with ASTM D8110-17 and trace elements were analyzed using the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=ICPMS-2050">ICPMS-2050</a> (Fig. 1). The validity of the analytical results was confirmed through spike recovery tests and the analysis of reference material for residual fuel oil. Additionally, the stability of the analysis over long periods of time was evaluated.<h4>Removal of Interference and Detection Limit&nbsp;</h4>To analyze metal elements with high sensitivity in organic solvents, it is important to eliminate interference caused by carbon from the organic solvent. For example, there are carbonderived polyatomic ion interferences such as 12C12C+ for 24Mg, 12C16O+ for 28Si, and 40Ar12C+ for 52Cr. By using collision mode with helium gas or reaction mode with hydrogen gas, these interferences can be eliminated, enabling sensitive analysis. As an example, Fig. 2 shows the calibration curve for Mg under each condition. In the No Gas mode, the influence of 12C12C+ results in a high background equivalent concentration (BEC), making it challenging to analyze trace amounts of 24Mg. However, in collision mode, the interference from 12C12C+ was reduced, and BEC of 80 ng/g was obtained. Furthermore, in reaction mode, the interference from 12C12C+ was significantly reduced, and BEC of 0.8 ng/g was obtained, which enables trace amounts of 24Mg analysis. Detection limits are shown in Table 4. The detection limit was calculated as the concentration that gives a signal equivalent to three times the standard deviation (σ) of the calibration blank sample (STD0).<h4>Long Term Stability&nbsp;</h4>To evaluate the long-term stability of organic solvent analysis using the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=ICPMS-2050">ICPMS-2050</a>, light and middle distillates were analyzed over approximately 6 hours. To confirm the variability of the quantitative results, Check Standards were analyzed before sample analysis, every 10 samples, and at the end of the analysis. The results are shown in Fig. 3. All quantitative results of the Check Standard fell within the range of 90 to 110 % based on the prepared concentrations, which meets the validation requirements of ASTM D8110-17 (red dashed line). Additionally, the change in the intensity of the internal standard elements over approximately 6 hours are shown in Fig. 4. The change in intensity of the internal standard elements were within 90 to 120 %, which also falls within the validation requirements of 50 to 150 % asspecified in ASTM D8110-17 (red dashed line). These results indicate that the ICPMS-2050 has sufficient long term stability for the analysis of organic solvent samples.<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>In this Application News, the analysis of metal elements in light and middle distillates was performed using the ICPMS-2050 and the organic solvent introduction system. Good results were obtained from spiking recovery tests and the analysis of reference material for residual fuel oil, demonstrating that trace metal elements in light and middle distillates can be accurately quantified with a simple sample preparation method that involves only dilution with organic solvents. Furthermore, the recoveries of the Check Standards and the change in intensity of the internal standard elements also satisfied the validation requirements of ASTM D8110-17, confirming stable analysis over long periods of time. Since it is possible to analyze without the complex procedures required for acid decomposition, the risk of volatilization or contamination of the target elements during the sample preparation process is reduced. Additionally, the use of solventresistant peristaltic pump tubing enables the in-line addition of internal standard elements, further reducing the time required for sample preparation.

News from LabRulezICPMS Library - Week 51, 2025

Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezICPMS Library in the week of 22nd December 2025? Check out new documents from the field of spectroscopy/spectrometry and related techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT SPECTROSCOPY/SPECTROMETRY RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezLCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezGCMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring you application notes by Agilent Technologies, Metrohm and Shimadzu!<h3>1. Agilent Technologies: Trace Elemental Analysis of Precursor Materials Using ICP-MS/MS</h3>Robust detection of Pt, Ag, Cd, and Ti in high-metal matrices using the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=1&amp;search=8900+ICP-QQQ">Agilent 8900 ICP-QQQ</a> and reactive cell gases&nbsp;<ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_precursor_materials_8900_icp_ms_5994_8841en_agilent_81f1d8ffb5.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Precursor materials are fundamental to the fabrication of integrated circuits (ICs). In atomic layer deposition (ALD), they enable the controlled growth of ultrathin films on semiconductor substrates—an essential capability for scaling advanced device architectures. Because even trace metal impurities in precursors can degrade film performance and device yield, both suppliers and manufacturers routinely analyze these materials. Due to its sensitivity and multi-elemental capabilities, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is the industry standard for assessing elemental impurities in semiconductor materials.1 However, the high concentration of the metallic (high-matrix) content of precursors and the prevalence of polyatomic and doubly charged ion (M++) spectral overlaps arising from the matrix on key analytes present challenges for accurate analysis by single-quadrupole ICP-MS. At one time, high-resolution (HR)-ICP-MS (m/Δm up to 10000) was the best choice for solving these kinds of analytical problems. But some interferences require a resolution that exceeds the capability of current HR-ICP-MS instruments. In these cases, the samples are sometimes diluted to reduce the concentration of matrix elements, but dilution cannot totally solve the interference and may negatively affect detection limits.&nbsp;Triple quadrupole ICP-MS (ICP-QQQ or ICP-MS/MS) combined with collision/reaction (CRC) gases overcomes these limitations by selectively removing or avoiding interferences without compromising sensitivity. Agilent ICP-QQQ systems use two quadrupoles (Q1 and Q2) as unit mass filters, enabling MS/MS operation and the controlled use of reactive cell gases. Q1 controls which ions enter the CRC and Q2 controls which ions reach the detector.2–4&nbsp;In this study, we evaluated the performance of the Agilent 8900 ICP-QQQ to determine key analytes in three simulated precursor materials. Each sample contained a highconcentration matrix of hafnium (Hf), zirconium (Zr), or molybdenum (Mo), which cause interferences on platinum (Pt), silver (Ag), and cadmium (Cd) and titanium (Ti), respectively. To demonstrate the 8900 ICP-QQQ system’s ability to remove spectral interferences without sacrificing sensitivity, we quantified the four analytes in the three matrices using optimized instrument operating conditions.<h4>Experimental</h4><h4>Instrumentation&nbsp;</h4>An <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=1&amp;search=8900+ICP-QQQ">Agilent 8900 Semiconductor configuration ICP-QQQ</a> (#200) fitted with the optional m-lens was used for all measurements. The 8900 #200 includes an inert (HF-resistant) sample introduction system comprising a 200 μL/min MicroFlow PFA nebulizer, a PFA spray chamber, endcap, and connector tube, and a demountable torch with a 2.5 mm internal diameter (id) sapphire injector. The cones comprised a Pt-tipped sampling cone and Pt-tipped, Ni-based skimmer cone for m-lens. The samples were self-aspirated using an Agilent SPS 4 autosampler. Hot plasma conditions (1% CeO+ /Ce+ ) were used during the analysis of the high-matrix samples.&nbsp;The 8900 ICP-QQQ was operated in MS/MS mode for all measurements. Ammonia (NH3 ) —plus a flow of helium (He) as a buffer gas—and oxygen (O2 ) were used as reactive cell gases to resolve the matrix-based interferences. Various CRC tuning modes and Q1–Q2 mass setting combinations were tested to obtain the best conditions for each analyte. The optimized operating conditions for the analysis are detailed in Table 1.<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>The Agilent 8900 Semiconductor configuration ICP-QQQ was evaluated for its ability to eliminate spectral interferences on four analytes—Pt, Ag, Cd, and Ti—in simulated semiconductor precursor materials using MS/MS and reactive cell gases. To accommodate challenging samples comprising Hf (500 ppm), Zr (500 ppm), and Mo (360 ppm) under hot plasma conditions (1% CeO+ /Ce+ ), the 8900 was equipped with the optional m-lens.&nbsp;Ammonia was applied in both on-mass and mass-shift modes to quantify Pt, Ag, and Cd at single-digit or sub-ppt levels. Oxygen on-mass mode effectively removed Mo-based doubly charged ion interferences on Ti, enabling accurate detection at single-digit ppt concentrations. Repeated analysis of the MoCl5 samples spiked at 50 ppt with %RSDs below 10% demonstrated the instrument’s robustness and consistent performance for ultratrace quantification in complex matrices.&nbsp;The 8900 ICP-QQQ delivered low background, high sensitivity, and reliable interference control, making it suitable for method development and trace-level screening of semiconductor materials.<h3>2. Metrohm: Fat content analysis in olive pomace with NIR spectroscopy</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_nir_137_download_bb86ed4a7f.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Olive pomace is the main residue of the olive oil extraction process. It is a thick sludge – the remaining pulpy material after most of the oil is removed from the olive paste. To extract the remaining oil it contains, the olive pomace is treated with solvents. After refining and mixing this with edible virgin olive oil for flavor, aroma, and color, olive pomace oil is obtained. Olive pomace oil is used in cooking for its milder flavor and stability at high temperatures [1], as well as being nutritionally relevant due to its high oleic acid content (C18:1) [2]. Olive pomace fat analysis is necessary to check the efficiency of the oil removal process. The official method to determine this requires a time-consuming drying step followed by solvent extraction. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a fast, chemical-free method for olive pomace testing without any sample preparation.<h4>EXPERIMENTAL EQUIPMENT</h4>140 samples of olive pomace were measured on a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=56&amp;search=NIR+Analyzer">Metrohm NIR Analyzer</a>. All measurements were performed in reflection mode (1000–2250 nm) using the large cup accessory. The samples were measured in rotation to collect spectral data from several areas. Spectral averaging of signals from several spots helped to reduce sample inhomogeneity. Metrohm software was used for all data acquisition and prediction model development.<h4>RESULTS</h4>The obtained NIR spectra of olive pomace samples (Figure 1) were used to create a prediction model for quantification of fat content. The quality of the prediction model was evaluated using a correlation diagram (Figure 2) which displays a high correlation between the NIR prediction and the reference values measured with Soxhlet extraction. The respective figures of merit (FOM) display the expected precision of a prediction during routine analysis.<h4>CONCLUSION&nbsp;</h4>This Application Note shows the feasibility of using NIR spectroscopy for olive pomace fat analysis. By using NIRS, chemical-free analysis can be conducted within seconds—a quick, easy, cost-effective alternative to determine the efficiency of the olive pomace oil removal process.<h3>3. Shimadzu: Analysis of Pharmaceutical Raw Materials Compliant with ICH Q3D Guideline Using ICP-MS with Collision Mode</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_01_00925_en_c760bf6c08.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul><h4>User Benefits</h4><ul><li>The 24 elements identified in the ICH Q3D guideline can be measured with high sensitivity.</li><li>Pharmaceutical raw materials that are dissolved in ethanol can be easily analyzed using the Shimadzu ICP-MS organic solvent system.</li></ul>The presence of impurities in pharmaceutical ingredients is a concern within the medical pharmaceutical industry. Therefore, the International Council on Harmonisation of Technical Requirementsfor Registration for Pharmaceuticalsfor Human Use requires the management of metallic impurities in pharmaceuticals through guidelines using ICP-MS (ICH Q3D) 1), 2) . This standard specifies the Permitted Daily Exposure (PDE) for 24 elements of toxicological concern in oral preparations, injectables, and inhalants.&nbsp;In the case of oral preparations, only the seven elements of Classes 1 and 2A are considered, except in instances where elements are intentionally added, such as when used as catalysts during synthesis. However, the sources of elemental impurities are diverse and include not only components such as active pharmaceutical ingredients and excipients but also manufacturing equipment and utensils.&nbsp;ICP-MS has the advantage of being able to analyze various trace elements simultaneously. It is often used for the analysis of elemental impuritiesin pharmaceuticals. The analyte for ICP-MS is usually a liquid sample, so solid samples require pretreatment.&nbsp;In this Application News, we measured three types of pharmaceutical raw materials and analyzed the impurities using the Shimadzu ICP-MS organic solvent system. Furthermore, the accuracy, precision, detection limits and specificity of 24 target elements are presented according to USP3), 4) and EP, assuming measurements below the Control Threshold of 30 % of the PDE.<h4>Instrument Configurations and Analysis Conditions&nbsp;</h4>Table 2 shows the instrument configuration for ICP-MS (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=3&amp;search=ICPMS-2040">ICPMS-2040</a>). The organic solvent system was used to introduce the ethanol. By using the platinum sampling cone, damage from long-term exposure to organic solvents during analysis can be reduced. To reduce the labor required for sample preparation, the internal standards were added using the Online Internal Standard Kit. The analysis conditions are shown in Table 3.<h4>Accuracy and Precision Validation Results&nbsp;</h4>Measurements were carried out for n = 3 spiked samples with the target concentration of 50 % and 150 %, and n = 6 spiked samples with the target concentration and the blank (unspiked) sample. Spike recovery was calculated by averaging the quantitative values of all samples. Tables 6 to 8 show the measurement results.&nbsp;Accuracy: Spike recovery of the samples at each of the target concentrations of 50 %, 100 %, and 150 % was in the range of 94 % to 111 %, thereby satisfying the acceptance criterion. Precision (Repeatability): RSD of the spiked samples with the target concentration ranged from 0.27 % to 3.79 %, satisfying the acceptance criterion.&nbsp;Limit of quantitation: As accuracy for 50 % of the target concentration satisfied the acceptance criterion, the limit of quantitation could be confirmed.&nbsp;<h4>Specificity&nbsp;</h4>ICP-MS analysis often requires evaluation for potential interference by isotypes, polyatomic ions originating from Ar, oxides of coexistent elements and chloride ions. Here, the Cd was assessed. MoO, originating from the Class 3 element Mo, causes interference with Cd. A 1350 μg/L Mo solution (concentration equivalent to 1.5J) was analyzed, and the amount of interference with Cd was measured. Here, in addition to using collision gas, interelement correction was also performed. Table 5 shows the results.&nbsp;When the collision gas was used without interelement correction, interference by MoO was reduced but not eliminated. However, the quantitative value was below the lower limit of detection when the collision gas was used in combination with interelement correction. This result confirmed that the use of interelement correction, together with a collision gas, enables the appropriate correction of interference that could not be eliminated by the collision gas alone.<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>In this Application News, we measured three types of pharmaceutical raw materials and analyzed 24 elements indicated in the ICH Q3D guideline using the Shimadzu ICP-MS organic solvent system. In accordance with the pharmacopeias (USP, EP), the accuracy, precision, quantification limit, and specificity were confirmed. The results of the validation demonstrated that the performance meets the acceptance criteria with a sufficient margin. Based on the above, it was determined that the Shimadzu ICPMS-2040 is an effective analytical method for the 24-element analysis of pharmaceutical raw materials that can be dissolved in ethanol.

News from LabRulezICPMS Library - Week 52, 2025

Article

Product

Events

Webinars

Application

Academy

Video

Poster

Scientists

Plastics

Environment

Food

Water

Health

Presentation

Scientific article

Interview

Toxicology

Popularization

Science and research

Software

Covid-19

Career

Laboratories

Various

Zaměření

Type of News

Focus

Everything from the world of analytical chemistry in one place. We connect people in solving their problems. At Labrulez you will find all the necessary information easily, quickly and clearly. Stop searching and start finding.

News from LabRulezICPMS Library - Week 52, 2025

News from LabRulezICPMS Library - Week 51, 2025

News from LabRulezICPMS Library - Week 50, 2025

News from LabRulezICPMS Library - Week 49, 2025

News from LabRulezICPMS Library - Week 48, 2025

News from LabRulezICPMS Library - Week 47, 2025

News from LabRulezICPMS Library - Week 46, 2025

News from LabRulezICPMS Library - Week 45, 2025

News from LabRulezICPMS Library - Week 44, 2025

News from LabRulezICPMS Library - Week 43, 2025

Upcoming events

LECO Training Course CS-744/844 Series

42nd Informal Meeting on Mass Spectrometry

SETAC Europe 36th Annual Meeting

Webinars

Faster REE Exploration Decisions with XRF Technology Explained

Advancing Industrial Metrology Automation with Bruker's Dimension AFMs

Polymer Rheology: Impact of Humidity on Material Behavior