Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezICPMS Library in the week of 9th March 2026? Check out new documents from the field of spectroscopy/spectrometry and related techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT SPECTROSCOPY/SPECTROMETRY RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezLCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezGCMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring you application notes by Agilent Technologies, Metrohm, Shimadzu and Thermo Fisher Scientific!<h3>1. Agilent Technologies: Spectral Transmission Measurements of Pharmaceutical Packaging</h3>Using the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=Cary+60+UV%E2%80%91Vis">Agilent Cary 60 UV‑Vis</a> Diffuse Reflectance Accessory following EP &lt;3.2.1&gt;, USP &lt;660&gt;, and USP &lt;661.2&gt;<ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_pharmaceutical_packaging_transmission_cary_60_uv_vis_dra_5994_8889en_agilent_2c933e5576.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Pharmaceutical containers play a significant role in maintaining final drug stability, integrity, and safety, from manufacturing to distribution to the end user. The ability of the packaging system to protect the drug from external agents is critical for quality assurance. Therefore, all pharmaceutical packaging systems must conform to stringent standards.&nbsp;Plastic and glass are commonly used materials for packaging, and they are typically transparent or opaque. Transparency to ultraviolet (UV) light can pose a risk to light‑sensitive pharmaceuticals, as exposure can initiate adverse—and sometimes harmful—photochemical reactions that can significantly affect drug quality and reduce shelf-life.1&nbsp;The EP and USP define well-established standards, designed to measure physiochemical and functional properties of packaging components intended to contain a drug product (pharmaceutical containers), to meet regulatory requirements. The EP Chapter &lt;3.2.1&gt; Glass Containers for Pharmaceutical Use includes a functionality test method to demonstrate adequate light resistance of colored glass containers through spectral transmission measurement. An included acceptance criterion specifies the allowed maximum amount of light transmitted by the tested material, defined by the drug product dosage administration form. For example, for glass containers that package oral drug products, the acceptance criterion defines that the observed spectral transmission should not exceed 10% at any wavelength in the range of 290 to 450 nm (&lt; 10%T).2 The identical test and criterion are found in USP Chapter &lt;660&gt; Containers – Glass.3 In addition, the USP Chapter &lt;661.2&gt; Plastic Packaging Systems for Pharmaceutical Use also includes the analogous functionality test method and acceptance criterion for plastic pharmaceutical packaging.4&nbsp;The <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=Cary+60+UV%E2%80%91Vis">Cary 60 UV-Vis spectrophotometer</a>, equipped with the Cary 60 UV-Vis DRA, was chosen for measurement due to its extended ability to reliably measure precise transmission of scattering materials (Figure 1). The Cary 60 UV-Vis is a versatile spectrophotometer; however, measuring materials like plastics and glass, which are textured, translucent, or opaque in a manner that scatters light can result in challenges in satisfactorily measuring light transmittance with standard techniques. In a standard spectrophotometer, scattering materials tend to diffuse transmitted light, deviating an unquantifiable amount of light from the direct optical path of the detector. The detector may not collect all the scattered (lost) light, resulting in inaccurate measurements and results.&nbsp;For this reason, the Cary 60 UV-Vis was equipped with an internal DRA, which uses a 50 mm integrating PTFE-coated sphere that easily sits inside the spectrophotometer's sample compartment. For these applications, using a DRA can optimize light collection. The sphere's design captures all scattered light uniformly, overcoming scattering losses for accurate measurement of transmitted light. In applications where total transmission is crucial for quality assurance, the DRA is an essential tool for accurate measurements.<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>In this application note, an Agilent Cary 60 UV-Vis spectrophotometer, fitted with an Agilent Cary 60 UV‑Vis DRA, was used to reliably and quickly determine the spectral transmission of packaging systems used for pharmaceuticals, following the EP &lt;3.2.1&gt;, USP &lt;660&gt;, and USP &lt;661.2&gt; test methods for functionality of light-resistant packaging systems. The integrating sphere enabled the instrument to accurately measure total transmittance of plastic and glass (scattering) materials.&nbsp;All containers presented less than the defined maximum %T specification, demonstrating light-resistance functionality for containing light-sensitive drug products for oral administration. This method illustrates the importance of accurate testing for quality assurance of pharmaceutical packaging. The Agilent Cary 60 UV-Vis spectrophotometer, paired with Cary WinUV Pharma software, delivers secure data management and compliance for regulated pharmaceutical labs.<h3>2. Metrohm: Multiparameter hops analysis by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)</h3>Rapid determination of alpha acids, beta acids, cohumulone content, total oil content, HSI, and moisture<ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_nir_130_download_6177b89ee1.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>The quality of hops and hop pellets is vital across the entire brewing supply chain. Traditional methods used for quality control (e.g., titration and HPLC) are highly accurate and widely accepted. They are also time consuming, labor intensive, and dependent on chemical reagents which not only incur ongoing material costs but also require careful handling and proper disposal. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) offers a compelling alternative when ultra-high precision is not necessary. It enables the rapid analysis of multiple parameters within a minute without using any chemicals. This Application Note outlines the measurement setup and the results of cohumulone, hop oils, and moisture content, the hop storage index (HSI), and hops acids analysis with NIRS.<h4>EXPERIMENTAL EQUIPMENT&nbsp;</h4>More than 500 fresh hop samples and ground hop pellets were analyzed on an <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=220&amp;search=omnis+nir">OMNIS NIR Analyzer Solid</a> (Figure 1). The samples were added to an OMNIS sample cup and analyzed in diffuse reflection mode. To include sample variety, the sample rotated during measurement to collect spectra from different locations. The automatically averaged spectra were used for model development. Spectra acquisition, model development, and validation were carried out with the OMNIS Software.&nbsp;Reference values for alpha acids were obtained using various official methods, including EBC 7.4, EBC 7.5, and EBC 7.7. Total oils and beta acid content were determined using EBC 7.4, while EBC 7.7 was employed for cohumulone analysis. Moisture content and the hop storage index (HSI) were measured using a halogen moisture analyzer and a UV-VIS photometer, respectively.<h4>CONCLUSION</h4>This Application Note demonstrates the feasibility of using NIR spectroscopy for the analysis of freshly harvested hops and ground hop pellets to determine cohumulone, moisture, and total oil content, HSI, and alpha and beta acids. Using alpha acids as an example, the difference between a prediction model covering the full concentration range and a model specific to a narrower range was highlighted. The latter reduced the prediction error by a factor of two.&nbsp;Users can apply this approach to maximize accuracy. In the OMNIS Software, both models can be combined to automatically perform the following sequence. First, the alpha acid concentration is estimated using the broad-range model; then, a more precise prediction is made using the restricted-range model.<h3>3. Shimadzu: Observation of Acrylic Block Fracture during Impact Compression Using the Hopkinson Bar Method</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_01_01146_en_dc42e77a9c.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul><h4>User Benefits</h4><ul><li>The HPV -X3 offers three times the resolution of conventional models, enabling observation of specimen fracture at much higher resolution.</li><li>With a maximum frame rate of 20 Mfps, the HPV-X3 is well-suited for observing high-speed phenomena such as an impact test</li></ul>Understanding materials properties is critical to product design. In particular, for applications such as transportation equipment, where materials may be subjected to impact loads, it is essential to evaluate not only static properties but also impact properties. When subjected to impact, materials may exhibit stress and strain characteristics different from those under static loading, making it essential to quantify these characteristics through impact testing.&nbsp;The Hopkinson bar method is a well-established technique for impact compression testing. Proposed by B. Hopkinson, this method enables detailed analysis of a material’s impact response and evaluation of its fracture properties by subjecting the specimen to a sudden force using a bar-launching device. This paper presents an example of an impact compression test on an acrylic specimen with a central circular hole, recorded with an HPV-X3 high-speed video camera (Fig. 2) using the Hopkinson bar method.<h4>Imaging System&nbsp;</h4>The imaging devices are listed in Table 1, and the imaging conditions are listed in Table 2. As shown in Fig. 4(b), laser illumination was directed from the rear of the specimen toward the lens, and imaging was performed with the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=HPV-X3">HPV-X3</a> using a close-up ring, bellows, and macro lens. This setup enabled observation of the fracture process in the acrylic block. Two types of imaging were conducted: observation of crack propagation immediately after loading, and observation of subsequent fracture.<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>The impact compression test of an acrylic specimen using the Hopkinson bar method was observed using the HPV-X3 highspeed video camera. Inside the compressed specimen, the propagation of a wavefront believed to be a stress wave was first observed. Subsequently, cracks propagated from the central circular hole toward the left and right surfaces, and finally, diagonal cracks formed, leading to complete fracture. The progress of this series of fracture processes was clearly captured.&nbsp;The HPV-X3 has three times the resolution of the previous <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=HPV-X2">HPVX2 model</a>, enabling more detailed observation of specimens during impact tests, including the Hopkinson bar method. Furthermore, because fracture phenomena during impact testing occur at high speeds, the HPV-X3, which can record images at up to 20 Mfps, is ideal for capturing them.<h3>4. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Analysis of silica in air filters using ARL X’TRA Companion X-ray Diffractometer</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/analysis_of_silica_in_air_an41521_a3b8eb33d5.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>The analysis of silica in air filters is a critical aspect of occupational health and safety, aimed at protecting workers from the harmful effects of inhaling crystalline silica particles, which can lead to diseases such as silicosis and lung cancer. The NIOSH 7500 method (NIOSH, 2003) provides a detailed and standardized procedure for the determination of crystalline silica in air samples using X-ray diffraction (XRD). This method involves the collection of air samples on filters, which are then analyzed to identify and quantify the crystalline silica phases, including quartz, cristobalite, and tridymite.&nbsp;XRD is chosen for its high specificity and sensitivity in distinguishing different crystalline forms of silica, making it a reliable analytical technique. The method outlined in NIOSH 7500 requires meticulous sample preparation, including the proper collection and handling of air filters, calibration with known standards, and strict adherence to analytical parameters to ensure accurate and reproducible results. Following the NIOSH 7500 norm and equivalent standards helps ensure the reliable monitoring of workplace air quality, thereby safeguarding workers’ health. The use of XRD in analyzing silica in air filters is an essential component of industrial hygiene and environmental monitoring programs, facilitating the detection and control of hazardous silica exposure in occupational settings.<h4>Instrument and software&nbsp;</h4>The <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2296">Thermo Scientific™ ARL™ X’TRA Companion X-ray Diffractometer</a> (c.f. Figure 1) is a simple, easy-to-use benchtop XRD instrument for routine phase analysis as well as more advanced applications. The ARL X’TRA Companion XRD uses a θ/θ goniometer (160 mm radius) in Bragg-Brentano geometry coupled with a 600 W X-ray source (Cu or Co). The radial and axial collimation of the beam is controlled by divergence and Soller slits, while air scattering is reduced by a variable beam knife. An integrated water chiller is available on demand. Thanks to the innovative solid state pixel detector (55 x 55 μm pitch), the ARL X’TRA Companion XRD provides very fast data collection and comes with one-click Rietveld quantification capabilities and automated result transmission to a LIMS (laboratory information management system).<h4>Your benefits&nbsp;</h4>The ARL X’TRA Companion XRD provides data perfectly suited to quantify respirable quartz in air filters. Utilizing a calibration curve in a one-click refinement delivers results within minutes, ensuring ease-of-use for operators and reducing training requirements. XRD analysis of air filter samples complies with the NIOSH 7500 standard.

News from LabRulezICPMS Library - Week 11, 2026

Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezICPMS Library in the week of 16th March 2026? Check out new documents from the field of spectroscopy/spectrometry and related techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT SPECTROSCOPY/SPECTROMETRY RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezLCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezGCMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring you application notes by Metrohm, Shimadzu, Thermo Fisher Scientific and Waters Corporation!<h3>1. Metrohm: Soil analysis with NIR spectroscopy</h3>Multiparameter determination of soil in a few seconds<ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_nir_133_download_31cf2564fd.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Soil is a complex matrix made of organic and inorganic mineral matter, water, and air. The organic material ranges from decomposed and stable humus to fresh particulate residues from different sources [1]. Texture affects soil behavior (e.g., water holding capacity, nutrient retention and supply, drainage, and nutrient leaching [2]) and depends on the proportion by weight of the sand, silt, and clay it contains. Cationexchange capacity (CEC), a measure of the ability to hold positively charged ions, influences soil structure stability, nutrient availability, pH, and its reaction to fertilizers and other ameliorants. The main ions associated with CEC in soils are Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ , and K + [3]. Soil pH directly influences the availability of nutrients to plants, microbial activity, and overall soil health, affecting plant growth, crop yields, and the sustainability of agricultural practices. This study describes how organic matter content, pH value, silt, clay and sand content, exchangeable calcium and magnesium, and limestone content were measured in soil in seconds by using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS).<h4>EXPERIMENTAL EQUIPMENT</h4>Air-dried samples of soil [4] were measured on a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=220&amp;search=omnis+nir">Metrohm NIR Analyzer</a>. All measurements were performed in reflection mode (1000–2250 nm) using the large cup accessory. The samples were measured in rotation to collect spectral data from several areas. Spectral averaging of signals from several spots helped to reduce sample inhomogeneity. Metrohm software was used for all data acquisition and prediction model development.<h4>CONCLUSION</h4>This Application Note displays the benefits of using NIR spectroscopy for soil analysis. All the presented soil quality parameters can be measured simultaneously in only a few seconds. Compared to other conventional methods (Table 1), near-infrared spectroscopy soil analysis requires no sample preparation nor solvents. This ultimately leads to a reduction in workload and related costs, as well as keeping lab personnel safer.<h3>2. Shimadzu: Observation of Shock Waves Using the Schlieren Method with the HPV-X3</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_01_00983_en_c64bbf91c4.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul><h4>User Benefits</h4><ul><li>HPV-X3 offers three times the resolution of conventional models, enabling high-speed imaging at much higher resolutions.</li><li>With a maximum frame rate of 20 Mfps, the HPV-X3 is well-suited for observing high-speed phenomena such as shock waves</li></ul>Shock waves are characterized by abrupt changesin pressure and density and are generated when an object travels faster than the speed of sound or during explosive phenomena. They are important research subjects in fields such as aerospace and fluid dynamics. In particular, accurately characterizing the structure and temporal evolution of shock waves generated around projectiles is a crucial issue directly related to vehicle design, behavior prediction, and safety evaluation. Optical techniques capable of detecting minute changes in refractive index are effective for visualizing such phenomena. Among these, the Schlieren method is widely used to visualize density variations in fluids. 1)&nbsp;In this paper, the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=HPV-X3">HPV-X3 high-speed video camera</a> (Fig. 1), which provides three times the resolution of conventional models, was used to observe shock waves generated by a pellet launched from a gas gun using the Schlieren method.<h4>Imaging System&nbsp;</h4>The pellet shown at the center of Fig. 2 was placed in the firing chamber of the gas gun, sandwiched between two plastic holders. The holders were used to position the pellet in the firing chamber; after firing, the holders fell away, allowing only the pellet to be captured by the camera.&nbsp;The imaging system is detailed in Table 1, the imaging conditions are shown in Table 2, and the experimental setup is shown in Fig. 3. Light from the laser source was reflected by Concave mirror (1) and collimated between Concave mirrors (1) and (2). The HPV-X3 captured images of shock waves generated along the projectile path through a mirror and a knife-edge.&nbsp;The experiment was conducted twice: in the first trial, two rubber bands were placed in the projectile path; in the second trial, an obstacle with ten circular holes (Fig. 4) was placed in the path. This allowed us to observe phenomena such as fragmentation and shock wave reflection.<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>Using the HPV-X3 high-speed video camera, shock waves generated by pellets fired from a gas gun were observed using the Schlieren method. This approach enabled close observation of phenomena, including shock waves generated as the pellet passed through or was reflected by rubber bands placed in the projectile path, as well as pellet fragmentation by impact with an obstacle and the subsequent generation of shock waves from each fragment.&nbsp;The HPV-X3 high-speed video camera has three times the resolution of the previous, HPV-X2, model and is well-suited for detailed observation of high-speed phenomena such as shock waves.<h3>3. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Raman Spectroscopy: Deciphering the Structural Dynamics of 2D Semiconductors</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/deciphering_structural_dynamics_of_2d_semiconductors_an1525_en_e5c8ca420c.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Semiconductors form the foundation of all modern electronics. As industries constantly seek to make their technological devices even smaller and more efficient, and manufacturers continue to strive for more compact device architectures, the key to future develops may prove to be new, thin film materials. Thin film or twodimensional (2D) semiconductors have unique properties and perform robustly even at monolayer thicknesses, allowing for complex electronic device performance at extremely small scale.¹ For example, the current silicon “2 nm” transistors used in the semiconductor industry have channel lengths of 10+ nm. Studies on 2D semiconductor transistors, especially MoS₂, show promising scalability to physical channel lengths below a 5 nm threshold—less than half the size of current transistors.¹ These materials have very well-defined crystal structures which make them excellent candidates for characterization through Raman spectroscopy. A common class of these materials is the transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) family such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂).², ³ 2D semiconductors, like TDMCs, are characterized by two major structural elements: the in-plane lattice bonds and out-of-plane van der Waals (vdW) forces that bind the stacked layers of crystalline monolayers.²<h4>Crystal Structure and Raman Signal&nbsp;</h4>A naturally formed sample of MoS₂ is studied here using the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2237">Thermo Scientific DXR3xi Raman Imaging Microscope </a>with a 455 nm excitation laser. The MoS₂ is manually exfoliated to thin the crystals from bulk form down to a two-dimensional, thin film layer.³ This creates a very simple crystalline structure with simple vibrational modes. Indeed, MoS₂ has only two dominant Raman peaks, the E¹2g, in-plane vibration at 381 cm-1, driven by the lateral oscillation of S atoms, and the A1g, out-of-plane mode at 408 cm-1.⁴ In thin / 2D samples, the A1g peak (linked to the out-of-plane S vibrations) is significantly weaker than it is in the bulk crystal due to many fewer vdW forces between the layers (Figure 1). This out-of-plane peak also displays a redshift (to lower wavenumber values) in the thinner samples (Figure 2).⁴ By taking a single crystal and repeatedly thinning it we can see the clear trend in these spectral changes produced by manual exfoliation (Table 1).<h4>Tracking Structural Variations&nbsp;</h4>The Raman peaks of MoS₂ can reveal much more information than simply layer thickness. The shifting ratio of the out-of-plane A1g peak to the in-plane E¹2g peak can be used to study interlayer physics in these 2D crystal structures. For example, a Raman peak ratio analysis can reveal interfacial boundary conditions (Figure 4). In this sample, there is a stronger out-of-plane component to the lattice vibration along the crystal face boundaries. Given that there are no obvious peak shifts from differing layer thicknesses, the increased vdW forces at the boundaries may be due to another phenomena, such as a localized electronic charge accumulation in the boundary region.<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>Even with a seemingly simple molecular structure such as MoS₂ there is a huge wealth of information that can be gleaned from Raman spectroscopic analysis. Layer thicknesses, interlayer forces, and in-plane strain can all be quickly analyzed based on the two MoS₂ peaks. Monitoring changes in these in-plane and out-of-plane vibrations for this 2D semiconductor allows a researcher to characterize numerous properties with a rapid, non-destructive analysis.<h3>4. Waters Corporation: A New Method for Measuring Particulates in Protein Drug Formulations with Complex Excipients</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/720009131_en_987cda2d15.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Protein drugs need to be highly stable in order to increase product shelf life and inhibit protein aggregation which presents an immunogenic risk1. To achieve protein drug stability, formulators use an array of water-soluble excipients including various buffers, detergents, sugars and other compounds to inhibit protein aggregate formation2.&nbsp;Measuring the quality and the state of the excipients in a formulation is a big challenge. Each formulation parameter plays a key role in determining its stability, but due to the nature and sheer variety of excipients, these materials can often confound protein particle measurements3. This measurement gap is accentuated in flowbased subvisible particle analyzers, where the protein sample cannot be reanalyzed to gain greater insights of the formulation’s state. Running subsequent measurements enables formulators to gain greater insights on the state of the protein formulation’s components and its overall stability.The HORIZON system, powered by backgrounded membrane imaging (BMI), enables users the unique ability to conduct serial wash measurements of protein formulations filtered on a membrane, to dissolve water soluble excipients and reveal the hidden insights of a formulation’s state. In this application note, we present three independent case studies that leverage the HORIZON system’s unique capability to analyze samples after serial washes to investigate the impact on the number of protein and excipient particulates in the sample to gain a clearer understanding of the formulation state.<h4>Results and Discussion</h4><h5>Study 2 — Protein Aggregate Solubility and Adsorption to the Surface</h5>In this case study we used IgG aggregates using the same sample preparation procedure described above and created two stock IgG solutions using PBS and DI water respectively. We ran 2X serial dilutions of the samples in their corresponding buffers from stock (1X) down to 32X dilutions. Samples were filtered through a HORIZON filter plate and subsequently measured using 50 µL of sample per well, measuring N = 4 samples per condition. For this experiment, the background of the software plate was cloned 3 times. All the wells were washed with 50 µL DI water, and remeasured, and this process was repeated 3 times for each wash step.&nbsp;Serial dilutions of IgG aggregates in both buffers showed linear counts drop behavior (R2 &gt; 0.99), and very similar counts with stock IgG concentrations hovering close to 1E5 particles/mL for both stock conditions (Figure 4). After the first wash, both buffer types saw at most 20% of the counts drop for concentrated samples, potentially from the dissolution of soluble aggregates. Additional washing resulted in no counts increase or decrease within measurement error.&nbsp;<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>Serial membrane washing can help unveil critical details of a formulation. In the first two case studies, we explored how irreversible protein aggregates tend to be dense (dark in the image), amorphous, and do not disappear upon membrane washing as verified by visual microscopic membrane inspection and by counts analysis. Protein aggregates’ lack of solubility and their strong binding to the membrane surface allow one to count them reliably while uncovering the presence of other water-soluble excipients particles. This is important since the key objective of particle analysis in protein drug samples is to measure the insoluble protein aggregates since they tend to be immunogenic5.&nbsp;With protein aggregates being insoluble, this helped us deduce in the first case study that the faint, directional and water-soluble particles were salt crystals. Their presence also coincided with the age of the buffer (30 days), potentially pointing to time-related buffer degradation. The second case study confirmed the insolubility of the aggregates, with virtually no change in counts even after 3 serial washes. The third case study uncovered that protein solutions formulated in concentrated excipient conditions can show elevated counts. However, the excipient particle counts, arising from sucrose or polysorbate particles, could be washed away with a single wash to enable counting of the true protein aggregates. Also of interest in the third case study is that the IgG solution that was formulated without concentrated excipients showed significantly lower particle counts (nearly half) than those that were formulated in 10% sucrose and 0.05% polysorbate. This is a reminder that a higher excipient concentration does not necessarily result in higher formulation stability. The ability to get to the right formulation as quickly as possible requires one to obtain deep insights into all components of the formulation. The HORIZON system’s ability to clone original plate backgrounds to rapidly reanalyze the samples enables an unprecedented opportunity to learn more about the state of a proteindrug formulation. Key insights to your formulations are only a single 50 µL membrane wash away.

News from LabRulezICPMS Library - Week 12, 2026

Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezICPMS Library in the week of 23rd March 2026? Check out new documents from the field of spectroscopy/spectrometry and related techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT SPECTROSCOPY/SPECTROMETRY RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezLCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezGCMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring you application notes by LECO, Shimadzu and Waters Corporation and brochure by Thermo Fisher Scientific!<h3>1. LECO: Determination of Nitrogen in Fertilizer</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/CN_FP_928_NITROGEN_FERTILIZERS_203_821_615_4d4b013a08.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Nitrogen is one of the most important elements for plant development and is the macronutrient that is most often found to be deficient in arable soils used for crop production. Nitrogen plays a key role in the formation of enzymes and proteins, which promotes lush, vigorous growth and development in plants that often leads to an increase in the yield from the plant. Fertilizers are utilized to re-introduce nitrogen back into arable soils. Fertilizers can be grouped by their makeup and/or origins into categories including inorganic and/or synthetic (including nitrates, ammonium, and urea) and organic (including compost materials and manures). The accurate and precise determination of nitrogen in all fertilizer types is not only important in the process of blending and preparing the fertilizer material for use, but also will have significant impact on the commercial value and guarantee of the fertilizer.&nbsp;The CN928/FP928 is a macro combustion carbon and nitrogen/protein determinator that utilizes a pure oxygen environment in a high-temperature horizontal ceramic combustion furnace designed to handle macro sample mass. A thermoelectric cooler removes moisture from the combustion gases before they are collected in a ballast. The gases equilibrate and mix in the ballast before a representative aliquot (3 cm3 or 10 cm3 volume) of the gas is extracted and introduced into a flowing stream of inert gas (helium or argon) for analysis. The aliquot gas is carried to a thermal conductivity cell (TC) for the detection of nitrogen (N2).<h4>Instrument Model and Configuration&nbsp;</h4>Thermal conductivity detectors work by detecting changes in the thermal conductivity of the analyte gas compared to the constant thermal conductivity of the reference/carrier gas. The greater the difference between the thermal conductivity of the carrier gas and the analyte gas, the greater the sensitivity of the detector. The <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=24&amp;search=CN928">CN928</a>/<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=24&amp;search=FP928">FP928</a> supports either the use of helium or argon as the instrument's carrier gas. When used as a carrier gas, helium provides the highest sensitivity, and the best performance at the lower limit of the nitrogen range. The thermal conductivity difference between argon and nitrogen is not as great as the thermal conductivity difference between helium and nitrogen, therefore the detector is inherently less sensitive when using argon as a carrier gas.<h4>TYPICAL RESULTS&nbsp;</h4>Data was generated utilizing a single standard, forced through origin calibration using ~ 0.1 g of NIST 913b Uric Acid (33.23% N). Alternatively, LECO 503-530 LCRM Urea may be used for calibration.<h3>2. Shimadzu: Evaluation of Microscopic Foreign Matter in Recycled Plastics Using Dynamic Image Analysis, Infrared Microscopy, and SEM-EDS</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_01_00861_en_7485baba21.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul><h4>User Benefits</h4><ul><li>&nbsp;It is easy to evaluate the size and quantity of microscopic foreign particles, which are key quality criteria of recycled plastics.</li><li>With the microcell method of DIA, microscopic foreign matter can be detected and counted quickly using a small sample quantity.</li><li>Infrared microscope and SEM-EDS systems provide information about the morphology and composition of microscopic foreign matter that is useful for improving recycling processes.</li></ul>One of the quality criteria for recycled plastic flakes and pellets is the content of foreign matter. Quantitatively evaluating the size and quantity of foreign particles contained in flakes and pellets is important for examining foreign matter removal processes intended to improve pellet quality and optimize manufacturing processesfor products made with recycled materials.&nbsp;In this article, pellets of virgin and recycled polyethylene terephthalate (hereafter PET) were dissolved in hexafluoro-2-propanol (hereafter HFIP), a solvent for dissolving PET, to prepare suspensions of insoluble microscopic foreign particles. These suspensions were measured with a dynamic particle image analysis (DIA) system (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=iSpect+DIA-10">iSpect DIA-10</a>) to evaluate the size and number of insoluble microscopic foreign particles (patent pending). In addition, part of the suspensions were diluted tenfold and filtered through a membrane filter to collect the insoluble microscopic foreign particles on the filter. The morphology and composition of the collected microscopic foreign particles were evaluated using a digital microscope, an infrared microscope system (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=IRTracer-100">IRTracer-100</a> and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=AIM-9000">AIM-9000</a>), and an SEM-EDS system. These evaluations enabled comparison of the sizes, quantities, and types of foreign particles contained in virgin and recycled materials.<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>By using an iSpect DIA-10 system to measure suspensions prepared by dissolving two types of PET pellets (virgin and recycled) in HFIP, we obtained particle images of insoluble foreign matter and evaluated size and concentration of particles. That enabled quantitative comparison of particle size and count in microscopic foreign matter contained in virgin and recycled materials.&nbsp;In addition, after diluting the pellet suspensions, the insoluble microscopic foreign matter in the diluted suspensions was collected on filters. The morphology and composition of the microscopic foreign matter were evaluated using an infrared microscope and SEM-EDS system. The results indicated that the suspensions contained organic substances, such as cellulose and amide-based compounds, and inorganic substances and metals that contain elements such as C, O, Ca, and Al (suggestive of carbonates and metallic aluminum).&nbsp;Thus, the iSpect DIA-10 enables simple quantitative evaluation of the size and number of microscopic foreign particles in PET pellets using only small sample quantities. Furthermore, composition evaluation by infrared microscope and SEM-EDS systems provides useful information for investigating the origin of foreign matter, examining measures to reduce foreign matter, and evaluating impacts on final products. If similarities in size and shape are observed, particle images obtained with iSpect DIA-10 can also potentially be used to estimate particle composition.<h3>3. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Ensuring safer and effective pharmaceutical formulations by X-ray diffraction</h3><ul><li>Brochures and specifications</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/PF_41381_xrd_solutions_pharma_9b89684165.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>From drug discovery and preformulation studies to the efficient scaling up in the manufacturing process in the plant and finally through QA/QC validation, X-ray diffraction (XRD) is a vital analysis method in the characterization of different physico-chemical properties of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). XRD is a gold standard method and required technique in the determination of polymorphic and salt screening, % of crystallinity and stability/reactivity studies of the final API.&nbsp;<h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2297">Thermo Scientific™ SolstiX™ XRD Software</a> with Security Suite extends ARL EQUINOX 100 X-ray Diffractometers to 21 CFR Part 11 regulated labs&nbsp;</h5><ul><li>Protect stored electronic data related to quality assurance within manufacturer’s computer systems&nbsp;</li><li>Put controls in place to keep records authentic, incorruptible, and confidential&nbsp;</li><li>Electronic signatures for the user to take responsibility for the electronic data in the system&nbsp;</li><li>Requirements in the data record: date and time of scan, name of the unique signer, and technological controls to ensure security (e.g. passwords)&nbsp;</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2143">Thermo Scientific™ ARL™ EQUINOX 100 X-ray benchtop diffractometer</a> is designed to exceed your analytical needs&nbsp;</h5><ul><li>Ideally suited for rapid screening of various formulations, finger printing or detection of counterfeit products&nbsp;</li><li>Polymorphism and crystallinity determination, crystallite size calculation, quantitative phase analysis, reactivity and stability of materials, etc.&nbsp;</li><li>XRD experiments on standard powders, bulks, tablets, small quantities, etc.&nbsp;</li><li>Real-time full pattern XRD based on our unique PSD detector technology&nbsp;</li><li>X-ray source based on micro-source technology with no external water cooling</li><li>Unique dual-mode capability: reflection and/or transmission&nbsp;</li></ul><h5>Thermo Scientific™ ARL™ EQUINOX 100 XRD for structural analysis&nbsp;</h5><ul><li>Easy-to-use simultaneous full pattern XRD based on unique real time PSD detector technology&nbsp;</li><li>Unique dual-mode capability on a benchtop XRD instrument: reflection and/or transmission mode&nbsp;</li><li>XRD experiments on various samples with sample spinner, capillary stage, sample changer or in controlled environment</li></ul><h5>Top XRD benefits for pharma&nbsp;</h5><ul><li>Structural characterization technique&nbsp;</li><li>Nondestructive technique&nbsp;</li><li>Small amount of sample needed for analysis&nbsp;</li><li>Unique diffraction patterns and quick response&nbsp;</li><li>Analysis on mixtures as well as amorphous content&nbsp;</li><li>Easy determination of induced structural changes</li></ul><h3>4. Waters Corporation: SIMI: A Different Approach to Revealing Dangerous Subvisible Impurities</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/720009094_en_fb955e89ec.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Foreign particulate matter, also known as extrinsic particles, has become a serious threat to patient safety in recent years, with cases linked to severe immunogenic reactions, deaths, and costly recalls.1 In 2021 alone, Takeda recalled 1.6 million doses of the Moderna COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in Japan after several patient deaths were linked to steel particulates shed from a malfunctioning pump.2 Over the span of seven years, from 2014–2017, there were more than 110 drug recalls as a result of glass delamination,3–4 and several more due to remnant crystals,5 owing to the difficulty of identifying the presence and source of foreign particulate matter. To prevent against such threats, manufacturers require high throughput technologies to better identify foreign particulate matter in real time.<h4>Results and Discussion</h4><h5>Shining a Light on Extrinsic Particles with SIMI</h5>Side illumination membrane imaging (SIMI) is a proprietary illumination, imaging, and analysis technique exclusively available to <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2190">Aura instruments</a>. Utilizing the principles of darkfield microscopy,6 SIMI is conducted on an Aura membrane plate using an oblique illumination source which emits light at an angle parallel to the surface of the plate.&nbsp;Compared to backgrounded membrane imaging (BMI), which utilizes brightfield microscopy (epi-illumination) where particles scatter the incident light isotropically (i.e., at all angles), side illumination membrane maging (SIMI) is a technique that is specifically designed to detect light scattering from high refractive index particles, as well as those that protrude out of the plane from the membrane surface. A particle’s average SIMI intensity is measured in a relative scale where the inherent SIMI scattering of the membrane is defined as SIMI = 0. Positive SIMI values indicate particles protruding out of the membrane, as is the case with microplastics, fibers, and other common extrinsic particles, whose average SIMI intensities vary from 0–255. On some occasions, like with metallic particles and absorbing oils, particles will have reduced light refraction relative to the membrane and thus display negative SIMI values, varying from 0 to -122.&nbsp;The majority of foreign, extrinsic particles exhibit a high refractive index and are mechanically rigid in structure, causing them to protrude from the membrane surface and scatter side illumination to a high degree, ideal for SIMI analysis. In contrast, biologic particles exhibit the opposite properties—low refractive index and malleable structures, causing them to lie flat with minimal side scatter profiles, which is best analyzed with BMI or fluorescence membrane microscopy (FMM). Utilizing all three microscopy approaches is most ideal to facilitate the determination of all extrinsic (non-biologic) and inherent (biologic) particles in biologic formulations.<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>SIMI is a unique approach to providing additional characterization of subvisible particles and is available in all Aura models to help rapidly identify foreign material in biological samples with a high degree of specificity. A key tertiary imaging mode in addition to BMI and FMM, SIMI provides selective, orthogonal morphological information to identify tall and rigid materials, a defining feature of most extrinsic particles (Figure 11). While particle sizing and counting is done via BMI, SIMI provides illumination, imaging, and analysis that can be useful across a variety of biological products to reveal foreign subvisible particles from the earliest to the latest of stages in the bioprocess.

News from LabRulezICPMS Library - Week 13, 2026

Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezICPMS Library in the week of 30th March 2026? Check out new documents from the field of spectroscopy/spectrometry and related techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT SPECTROSCOPY/SPECTROMETRY RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezLCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezGCMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring you application notes by Metrohm, Shimadzu, Thermo Fisher Scientific and Waters Corporation!<h3>1. Metrohm: Quantification of methanol in contaminated spirits</h3>Protecting consumers from contaminated beverages<ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_rs_056_download_3b37cb883a.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>An alarming global trend highlights the serious harm that can result from ingesting illegal, improperly distilled alcohol. Home-distilled spirits prepared using industrial solvents (i.e., wood alcohol) and presented as legitimate alcoholic beverages often contain methanol. Methanol causes blindness and can lead to death when ingested. This has led to fatal consequences around the world [1–3].&nbsp;The breaking point for the Czech Republic came in September 2012. The sale of hard liquor was temporarily banned after 20 people died from the consumption of spirits with dangerous levels of methanol [2]. After an exhaustive study using various screening tools, the Czech Republic adopted Raman spectroscopy as the method of choice for identifying and quantifying methanol in contaminated spirits. This Application Note demonstrates how Raman spectroscopy can be employed as an efficient and rapid screening method for samples of rum contaminated with methanol.<h4>EXPERIMENT&nbsp;</h4>This example study measures commercially available coconut rum that is spiked with methanol in concentrations between 0.33% and 5.36%. The <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=220&amp;search=iRaman">iRaman NxG 785H</a> with a fiber-optic probe is used to collect Raman spectra of the mixtures (Figure 3). Table 1 lists the relevant equipment and instrument settings used for this application study. The peak at around 1000 cm-1 (highlighted by the inlay of Figure 3) visibly increases with increasing concentration of methanol, becoming significant at approximately 1%.<h4>CONCLUSION</h4>These results validate that Raman spectroscopy can be used for rapid, quantitative screening of dangerous adulterants in alcoholic beverages. This technique can be expanded to investigate adulteration in other media such as food, petroleum, and pharmaceutical drugs [4].<h3>2. Shimadzu: Evaluation of Organic Impurities in Lithium Carbonate by TOC Analysis</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_01_01098_en_ec9b3e73fc.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul><h4>User Benefits</h4><ul><li>TOC analysis enables effective control of organic impurities in lithium carbonate.</li><li>Using the combustion tube kit for high-salt samples can extend the lifespan of the combustion tube and catalyst, reducing maintenance frequency.</li><li>With the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=ASI-L+autosampler">ASI-L autosampler</a>, multiple samples can be measured automatically, improving throughput and efficiency</li></ul>Lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) is an important material used in a wide range of applications in the lithium-ion battery industry. For example, it is used as a lithium source for cathode active material synthesis and electrolyte salt production, as a raw material for oxide-based solid electrolytes, and as a form of lithium commonly recovered in recycling processes.&nbsp;Because impurities in lithium carbonate can affect downstream processes and final products, appropriate control is essential. In particular, organic impurities require especially careful attention because they may originate from so many sources, such as solvents and processing aids used during purification, residual organics from manufacturing steps, or contamination introduced during handling and storage.&nbsp;Total organic carbon (TOC) analysis offers an effective way to manage such organic impurities in raw materials. This article presents an example of using a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=TOC-L">Shimadzu TOC-L</a> total organic carbon analyzer (Fig. 1) to evaluate the TOC content of lithium carbonate.<h4>TOC Analysis&nbsp;</h4><h5>TOC Analysis Methods&nbsp;</h5>Two commonly used methods are available for TOC analysis:&nbsp;(1) TC - IC method: Total carbon (TC) and inorganic carbon (IC) are measured separately, and then TOC is calculated as the difference (TOC = TC – IC).(2) NPOC method: TOC is measured as non-purgeable organic carbon (NPOC). After acidifying the sample to pH &lt; 3, IC is subsequently removed by sparging and the remaining carbon is measured as TC, which is regarded as TOC. The acidification and sparging steps are performed automatically by the instrument.&nbsp;For lithium carbonate solutions, the amount of carbonatederived IC is typically very high. As a result, the TC–IC method tends to yield calculated TOC values with a larger relative error. Therefore, the NPOC method isrecommended.&nbsp;In lithium carbonate solutions prepared as described above, IC is expected to be present mainly as bicarbonate (HCO3 –) and carbonic acid (H2CO3). If IC is not fully removed during NPOC pretreatment, the TOC result may be overestimated. Therefore, thorough IC removal is critical for samples with high IC content. For actual samples, sparging parameters, such as sparge gas flow rate and sparge time settings, can be adjusted.&nbsp;<h5>Combustion Tube for High-Salt Samples&nbsp;</h5>The prepared lithium carbonate solution contains a large amount of salts. When a large number of salt-containing samples are analyzed, salts may accumulate inside the combustion tube, which can lead to catalyst clogging, reduced sensitivity, and poorer repeatability.For this analysis, the optional combustion tube for high-salt samples was used, shown in Fig. 2. The high-salt combustion tube has a larger diameter than the standard combustion tube and contains larger catalyst particles to help mitigate saltrelated clogging. Thus, the frequency of combustion tube replacement can be significantly reduced.<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>In this article, TOC analysis was performed for a 10 g/L lithium carbonate solution using a Shimadzu TOC-L total organic carbon analyzer. By measuring TOC in the prepared solution, the TOC content in the lithium carbonate solid was calculated. The results showed good recovery rates in the spike-recovery test and consistent performance was also confirmed during long-term continuous analysis. These findings demonstrate that the TOC-L is a reliable solution for measuring TOC in lithium carbonate and for effective management of organic impurities.&nbsp;When applying the NPOC method to lithium salt-containing solutions, careful selection of the acid is essential because salts formed during acidification can affect both data quality and instrument condition. For this example, sulfuric acid is recommended.In addition, using the optional combustion tube kit for high-salt samples can extend the lifespan of the combustion tube and catalyst, thereby reducing maintenance frequency. This option is especially helpful for samples with high salt concentrations.&nbsp;In addition to lithium carbonate, the TOC-L can also be applied to TOC analysis of lithium hydroxide solutions, determination of water-extractable TOC in recycled black mass, and analytical needs in lithium refining processes based on direct lithium extraction (DLE). With its broad applicability across various upstream materials, recycling streams, and refining processes, the TOC-L supports both quality control and process optimization operations throughout the lithium-ion battery value chain.<h3>3. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Evaluating Silicon using Raman Microscopy</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/vib_silicon_analysis_with_raman_microscope_app_note_mcs_an1232_en_11_2024_1887815_web_50639c9148.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Raman spectroscopy is a form of vibrational spectroscopy that probes chemical bonds and molecular structure and is sensitive to small changes in chemical and structural environments. The Raman spectrum of a material is a molecular “fingerprint” that can be used for identification of unknown materials and for characterizing and qualifying expected materials. Since intermolecular effects and lattice vibrations are also detected, it can be used to evaluate crystallinity. Mechanical phenomena such as strain can also be detected from peak shifts in Raman spectra. Raman imaging allows visualization of the distribution of components or changes in physical state across the sample.<h4>Silicon in aluminum&nbsp;</h4>Silicon is used in alloys with aluminum to increase the strength of lightweight aluminum-based parts. Addition of silicon to aluminum also alters the viscosity of melted aluminum, improving the castability. These alloys typically contain 3% to 25% silicon. While silicon and aluminum can form a eutectic mixture, it is common to have finely dispersed silicon particles throughout the material.¹ The size and distribution of silicon particles can affect the strength of the aluminum.&nbsp;One common example of an aluminum product, aluminum foil, is made up of almost pure aluminum (approximately 98.5%) but it does contain small amounts of silicon and iron.² Raman imaging of a piece of aluminum foil reveals small particles of silicon (Figure 1). A <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2237">Thermo Scientific™ DXR3xi Raman Imaging Microscope </a>was used with a 532 nm laser and a 100X&nbsp;metallurgical objective to collect the Raman imaging data. An area of 408 μm x 208 μm was imaged using an image pixel size of 1 μm. The Raman image, based on the 520 cm-1 peak of silicon, shows the spatial distribution of the particles and image analysis provides size and shape information. In this case, 81&nbsp;silicon particles were identified with a size (area) range of 6-151 μm². This analytical approach may be extrapolated to other types of Si/Al alloy parts.<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>The importance of silicon as a technologically significant material cannot be overstated. It has properties that make it useful in numerous different types of products. Raman micro-spectroscopy has proven itself an important tool for the assessment of molecular structure and physical states of silicon. Raman images provide a way to observe the spatial distribution of silicon and silicon-containing components, structural variations such as crystallinity, and physical effects such as strain. This note showed a few representative examples to illustrate some of the advantages offered by Raman microscopic analysis of silicon. The coverage is not intended to be comprehensive as there are numerous other areas where the Raman analysis of silicon is currently employed and other opportunities where it could be used. The Thermo Scientific DXR3 Raman Microscope and the Thermo Scientific DXR3xi Raman Imaging Microscope have both been shown to be excellent choices for the Raman analysis of silicon samples.<h3>4. Waters Corporation: High-Throughput Detection of Degraded Polysorbate in Biological Formulations with FMM</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/720009114_en_99c7483d1a.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>The FDA requires that all biologic formulations be free of visible particles and has defined allowable levels of subvisible particles (SVPs) larger than 10 µm to ensure the potency, efficiency, and safety of these drug.1 While most protein drug particle analysis focuses on particles formed due to formulation instability, SVPs formed through the degradation of formulation excipients must also be considered.&nbsp;Polysorbates 20 (PS20) and 80 (PS80), best known as Tween-20 and -80, are excipients used in &gt;70% of marketed parenteral biological drugs to improve product stability and shelf life.2 However, when these formulations are stored for long periods of time (&gt;6 months) at low temperatures (4 °C), visible and subvisible particles are formed due to the enzymatic hydrolysis of the polysorbates by host cell proteins (HCPs) such as esterases and lipases.3,4 PS20 in particular has been found to be extremely prone to degrading into fatty acid particles.5 Lauric, myristic and palmitic acids are the most common fatty acid degradation products, and there is a direct correlation between low fatty acid solubility and particle formation in common formulation buffers.3–7 However, high-throughput, sensitive, and specific analysis of polysorbate particles has been difficult due to their complex chemistry and their low concentrations (&lt;&lt;0.5%) in high protein concentration (&gt;100–200 mg/mL) formulation environments, making it a perennial needle in a haystack problem.In this application note, we introduce the Aura™ polysorbate degradation assay, a specific and quantitative assay that detects free fatty acid particles (FFAs) formed during polysorbate degradation on Aura PTx System. The assay analyzes 96 samples using anywhere from 5 µL–10 mL of sample in a few hours. <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2190">Aura™ Systems</a> use backgrounded membrane imaging (BMI) and fluorescence membrane microscopy (FMM) to count, size and ID particles from 1 µm to 5 mm. Fluorescent labels utilized by FMM are selected based on thier ability to interact with particles of a certain nature, allowing for the generation of key information related to identity of the particles.<h4>Results and Discussion&nbsp;</h4><h5>Morphological Appearance of Different Fatty Acid Particles&nbsp;</h5>Aura systems image every particle, enables subvisible particle size distributions analysis, and makes morphological differentiation possible using built-in image analysis filters. When we analyze different free fatty acid solutions with Aura PTx System, we find that each forms particles with different morphological characteristics. Lauric acid particles are large and irregular clusters, myristic acid particles are small and oval shaped, and palmitic acid particles form fibril-like particles and small circular clusters (Figure 2a-c). These unique morphological characteristics suggest the presence of free fatty acid particles that can then be confirmed with FMM using labeled fluorescence.<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>Aura PTx System and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2190">Aura+ System</a> can easily detect the major degradation components of PS20 in proteincontaining samples at any stage of the drug manufacturing process. The method only requires 5 µL of sample, is specific and sensitive, and can analyze 96 samples in just a few hours, far outperforming other techniques. Aura PTx System and Aura+ System can also identify and differentiate the key degraded particulates from polysorbate formulation by their distinguishable shape, appearance, and specific labeling with BODIPY FL C16. The Aura polysorbate assay can detect FFAs at concentrations relative to lauric acid above 9.38 µM (&gt;2183 counts/mL) and quantitate above 18.75 µM (&gt;2976 counts/mL).

News from LabRulezICPMS Library - Week 14, 2026

Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezICPMS Library in the week of 6th April 2026? Check out new documents from the field of spectroscopy/spectrometry and related techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT SPECTROSCOPY/SPECTROMETRY RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezLCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezGCMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring you application notes by Metrohm, Shimadzu, Thermo Fisher Scientific and Waters Corporation!<h3>1. Metrohm: Whey permeate analysis with NIRS</h3>Monitor dairy production processes easily in seconds<ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_nir_144_download_34598659f1.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Whey permeate, a byproduct of manufacturing whey protein powder, contains high amounts of lactose, phosphate, and minerals. Because of its sweet and mild taste, whey permeate is often used in bakeries and chocolate manufacturing. The key to optimizing whey permeate production is to control production streams in real time. It is important to monitor the production process with highthroughput analytical techniques to maximize product yield and ensure high product quality.&nbsp;Nearinfrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a fast, and chemicalfree analysis technique that can support this kind of testing. NIR spectroscopy can measure the most important quality parameters (i.e., protein, lactose, moisture, ash, pH, and phosphate) simultaneously in whey permeate without any sample preparation. The NIRS solution is fast, easy to operate, and can be used atline or offline in a quality control lab.<h4>EXPERIMENTAL EQUIPMENT&nbsp;</h4>158 whey permeate samples were analyzed on a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=220&amp;search=NIR+analyzer">Metrohm NIR Analyzer</a> equipped with a small cup accessory. All measurements were performed in reflection mode (1000–2250 nm). Metrohm software was used for data acquisition and prediction model development.<h4>CONCLUSION&nbsp;</h4>This Application Note demonstrates the feasibility of using NIR spectroscopy for whey permeate quality control. Near infrared-spectroscopy is a rapid, nondestructive analytical technique that can monitor the production process of dairy products. Aside from the analysis of whey permeate, the whey protein production stream can also be monitored by NIRS.<h3>2. Shimadzu: Measurement of Residual Metal Catalysts by X-ray Fluorescence</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_01_01086_en_4beb25fd1d.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul><h4>User Benefits</h4><ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=ALTRACE">ALTRACE</a> can determine levels of heavy metals present in organic compounds at around 1 mg/kg in under 10 minutes per sample.</li><li>Analyzing and managing levels of residual metal catalysts can be performed by simply placing samples in the sample vessel and analyzing them without the need for complex sample pretreatment.</li><li>By increasing the X-ray tube power and optimizing the optical design, the sensitivity of ALTRACE for heavy metals has been dramatically improved compared to the previous model.</li></ul>Many industrial products we encounter every day are produced from organic compounds by manufacturing processes that utilize a range ofsynthesisreactions and metal catalysts. Catalysis can be classified as either homogeneous or heterogeneous (although drug and chemical production processes typically use homogeneous catalytic systems). While homogeneous catalysis allows for precise control over catalytic reactions, recovering the catalyst after the reaction can be difficult.&nbsp;Nevertheless, managing the levels of residual catalysts in industrial products is critical to ensure safety and because of their high costs. For example, the ICH Q3D Guideline for Elemental Impurities (adopted in April 2017) requires risk assessments when materials such as metal catalysts are added intentionally during a production process.&nbsp;Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometry offers a simple but effective technique for assessing the levels of residual metal catalysts. Normally, the lower limit of quantification for EDXRF spectrometric analysis of heavy metals is above 1 mg/kg, which limitsits use in quantitative analysis. However, the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=ALTRACE">ALTRACE</a> is equipped with a high-power X-ray tube that dramatically improves its sensitivity for heavy metals, enabling their determination at 1 mg/kg and below in lessthan 10 minutes. This Application News describes using ALTRACE to determine residual levels of a homogeneous catalyst after a synthesis reaction. The catalyst used in this analysis is palladium (Pd), which is a widely applied heavy metal catalyst, and the reaction catalyzed by the Pd catalyst is a cross-coupling reaction. A metal scavenger and activated carbon were each used to remove the Pd catalyst from the reaction products. Metal scavengers are frequently used in this role, and activated carbon offers a relatively cheap method for removing catalysts.<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>Common methods of elemental impurity analysis, such as atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), ICP atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), and ICP mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), require liquid samples, so solid and powder samples must be prepared into a solution prior to analysis. However, EDXRF spectrometry can determine levels of elemental impurities regardless of the sample phase or form (solution, powder, etc.), provided the target element is distributed uniformly throughout the sample. The sensitivity of ALTRACE for heavy metals has been substantially improved compared to previous models, allowing for rapid quantitative determination of heavy metals at 1 mg/kg and below. Based on the performance presented in this article, ALTRACE is an effective tool for managing residual levels of metal catalysts.<h3>3. Thermo Fisher Scientific: The Raman Spectroscopy of Graphene and the Determination of Layer Thickness</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/raman_spectroscopy_graphene_determination_layer_thickness_an52252_29274e8aea.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Currently, a tremendous amount of study is being directed toward graphene. This interest is driven by the novel properties that graphene possesses and its potential use in a variety of application areas that include but are not limited to electronics, heat transfer, bio-sensing, membrane technology, battery technology and advanced composites. Graphene exists as a transparent two-dimensional network of carbon atoms. It can exist as a single atomic-layer thick material, or it can be readily stacked to form stable, moderately thick samples containing millions of layers—a form generally referred to as graphite. However, the interesting properties exhibited by graphene (substantial electrical and thermal conductivity, high mechanical strength, and high optical transparency) are only observed for graphene films that contain only one or a few layers. Therefore, developing technologies and devices based upon graphene’s unusual properties requires accurate determination of the layer thickness for materials under investigation. Raman spectroscopy can be employed to provide a fast, non-destructive means of determining layer thickness for graphene thin films.<h4>Instrument considerations&nbsp;</h4>There are a few specifications that should be considered when selecting a Raman instrument for graphene characterization. First, since graphene samples are usually very small, selecting a Raman instrument with microscopy capabilities is imperative.The next issue to consider is which excitation laser to select. While graphene measurements can be made successfully with any of the readily available Raman lasers, it is also important to consider the substrate that the graphene will be deposited onto. It is common for graphene to be deposited on on either Si or SiO2 substrates, and both of these materials can exhibit fluorescence with near-infrared (NIR) lasers such as 780 nm or 785 nm. For this reason, visible lasers are usually recommended, typically a 633 nm or 532 nm laser.&nbsp;Next, since relatively small wavenumber shifts can significantly impact the interpretation of the Raman spectra, it is crucial to have a robust wavelength calibration across the entire spectrum. Using a single point wavelength calibration with some other applications may be sufficient, but this only ensures that one wavelength is calibrated and leaves room for a large margin of error. A multipoint wavelength calibration that is regularly refreshed, such as the standard calibration routine used with <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products?category=184&amp;manufacturerItems=3&amp;search=dxr3">Thermo Scientific DXR3 Raman instruments</a>, will provide considerably more confidence in the results. It is also necessary to have an instrument with high wavenumber precision to observe small wavenumber shifts when altering the sample. In fact, small wavenumber shifts can represent changes in the sample rather than represent the variability from the instrument. There is a common myth that it is necessary to utilize high resolution in order to achieve high wavenumber precision. Not only is this incorrect, but a high resolution will actually add considerable noise to the spectrum, which will add to the wavenumber variability. A high degree of wavenumber precision, such as that provided by the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2239">Thermo Scientific™ DXR™3 Raman Microscope</a>, will significantly improve data confidence even when you are evaluating band shifts from low levels of strain or doping. It is also important to have exact control of your laser power at the sample and be able to adjust that laser power in small increments. This is important to control temperature-related effects and to provide flexibility to maximize Raman signal while still avoiding sample heating or damage from the laser. The DXR3 Raman systems are equipped with a unique device called a laser power regulator, which maintains laser power with unprecedented accuracy and provides exceptional ability to fine-tune laser power and optimize it for each experiment.1&nbsp;Lastly, the Raman microscope must have an automated stage and associated software to generate detailed Raman point maps. As will be seen in the next section, Raman point mapping or imaging extends the single point measurement to assess a sample’s layer thickness uniformity. The Thermo Scientific OMNIC™ Software suite contains powerful mapping and processing tools that diminish the complexity of collecting highly detailed maps and interpreting their results.<h4>Conclusions&nbsp;</h4>Raman spectroscopy is an excellent tool for the characterization of graphene and layer thickness. Few techniques will provide as much information about the structure of graphene samples as Raman spectroscopy, and any lab doing graphene characterization without Raman would be at a significant disadvantage. The DXR3 Raman Microscope is an ideal Raman instrument for graphene characterization because it can provide the high level of stability, control, and sensitivity needed to produce confident results.<h3>4. Waters Corporation: See What’s Really in Your Formulation with Backgrounded Membrane Imaging</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/720009098_en_5d36d71789.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Protein aggregation in therapeutic protein products can induce adverse immunogenic responses in patients1–4 . Per the FDA’s recommendations, “strategies to minimize aggregate formation should be developed as early as feasible in product development”5 and “an assessment should be made of the range and levels of subvisible particles (2–10 µm) present in therapeutic protein products initially and over the course of the shelf life”.5 Yet, accurate subvisible protein aggregation analysis has remained elusive to protein drug formulators since current subvisible analyzers are not sensitive enough to measure protein aggregates effectively. In this application note, we explore how backgrounded membrane imaging (BMI), a high refractive index contrast technique used by the HORIZON particle analysis system, performs highly sensitive measurements of subvisible protein aggregates in the 2 µm–4 mm size range, enabling 30% higher reproducibility compared to flow imaging.<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>When studying the impact of protein aggregate refractive index, IgG protein aggregates analyzed on both the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=5&amp;search=HORIZON">HORIZON® instrument</a> and flow imager systems produced equivalent particle count trends. However, the HORIZON® system was more sensitive (measured more overall counts) and had overall lower variability with average CVs of 14.4% compared to the flow imager which produced average CVs of 20.1%. The differences in variability and counts were most pronounced at lower concentrations and size range respectively. Given that most particles in a therapeutic drug formulation are small, the inability of flow imagers to accurately count the smallest of protein aggregates has a dramatic impact on the total number of particles measured. This can mean an undercounting by as much as 3–10X depending on the protein and formulation conditions.&nbsp;High variability at low concentrations in flow imagers can pose a hurdle for early stage analysis were sample is scarce. In low volume analysis (&lt;250 µL), the possibility of measuring fewer particles increases, therefore it is imperative to have high sensitivity measurements when already challenged by low sampling statistics.&nbsp;In the excipient effect study, sucrose did not have an impact on the overall particle counts when measured using the HORIZON® system. This contrasts with previous studies comparing excipient effects on three flow imagers.10 In each case, the particle counts decreased up to 30% or more using standard sucrose formulation concentrations of 0–20%. The difference between the data generated by BMI and FI can be attributed to the fact that the HORIZON® instrument is not affected by particle or solution refractive index.&nbsp;Flow imagers are deeply vulnerable to the impact of refractive index when measuring protein aggregates due to their translucency and the negative impact of surfactants. Due to this basic optical phenomenon, flow imagers can dramatically undersize and undercount particles. Finding the right tool for the job will have a critical impact on data accuracy and sensitivity. Powered with BMI, the HORIZON® system provides high refractive index contrast analysis to enable accurate, robust, and sensitive subvisible particle counting from 2 µm–4 mm in as little as 25 µL of sample and 96 samples in under 2 hours.

News from LabRulezICPMS Library - Week 15, 2026

Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezICPMS Library in the week of 13th April 2026? Check out new documents from the field of spectroscopy/spectrometry and related techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT SPECTROSCOPY/SPECTROMETRY RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezLCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezGCMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring you application notes by Metrohm, Shimadzu and Waters Corporation and other document byThermo Fisher Scientific!<h3>1. Metrohm: Dried pet food analysis by nearinfrared spectroscopy (NIRS)</h3>Rapid determination of moisture, protein, fat, and ash<ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_nir_129_download_9ff310dbb5.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Pet food testing involves accurate monitoring and control of moisture, protein, fat, and ash content. This allows pet food manufacturers to satisfy nutritional adequacy requirements, meet regulatory guidelines, and provide high-quality foods to pet owners. Traditional analysis methods are often slow and laborintensive. Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy provides a fast, nondestructive alternative for analyzing these key quality control parameters with minimal sample preparation. This study evaluates the use of NIR spectroscopy in the pet food industry for efficient and reliable quality control during dried pet food production.<h4>EXPERIMENTAL EQUIPMENT&nbsp;</h4>199 dried pet food samples (mainly dog and cat food) from different suppliers were analyzed in whole and ground forms on an <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=220&amp;search=OMNIS+NIR">OMNIS NIR Analyzer</a> Solid (Figure 1). The samples were added to an OMNIS sample cup and analyzed in diffuse reflection mode. To include sample variety, the sample rotated during measurement to collect spectra from different locations. The automatically averaged spectra were used for model development. Reference values were obtained by official methods such as ISO 6496 (moisture), ISO 5983 (protein), ISO 5984 (ash), and ISO 6492 (fat).<h4>CONCLUSION</h4>This Application Note demonstrates the feasibility of using NIR spectroscopy for the analysis of several pet food quality parameters, including protein, moisture, fat, and ash. Results indicate that lower prediction errors can be obtained when grinding pet food samples before their analysis. A comparison between different methods used for the analysis of pet food clearly highlights the significant time-saving potential of NIR spectroscopy (Table 1). Furthermore, the simplicity of the analysis and the availability of a pre-calibrated instrument, using the pre-calibration, dry pet food, solid (6.06008.027), make both the implementation and the application of NIR spectroscopy with OMNIS NIRS straightforward.<h3>2. Shimadzu: Determination of Elemental Impurities in Bioethanol Using ICP-MS</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_01_01021_en_942f8087b2.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul><h4>User Benefits</h4><ul><li>Bioethanol samples can be directly injected into ICP-MS for analysis.</li><li>Trace elements can be accurately determined with high sensitivity.</li></ul>To achieve carbon neutrality, bioethanol is expected to be one of the alternative energy sources to fossil fuels. First-generation bioethanol, produced mainly from corn, sugarcane, and similar crops, has been widely used. However, to avoid competition with food supplies, research and development are also advancing on second-generation bioethanol produced from non-food raw materials such as cellulosic materials. For example in Japan, seven companies including Toyota Motor Corporation have formed the raBit (Research Association of Biomass Innovation for Next Generation Automobile Fuels) to advance technologies for next-generation bioethanol. Shimadzu is also participating as a supporting member to promote R&amp;D through technical cooperation for analysis.&nbsp;Fuels in which bioethanol is blended into gasoline are referred to as E5 (up to 5% bioethanol), E10 (up to 10% bioethanol), etc.; using these fuels in vehicles can reduce environmental impact. At the same time, ethanol blended into gasoline and used as a fuel is required to meet trace element concentration limits (e.g., for copper) specified in standards such as ASTM D48061) and EN 153762). ICP-OES is commonly used for these analyses, but when ultra-trace impurity levels must be measured, higher-sensitivity ICP-MS is more suitable.&nbsp;In this Application, trace elements in first-generation and second-generation bioethanol were determined using the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=ICPMS-2050">ICPMS-2050</a> (Fig. 1). Spike recoveries were also evaluated to confirm the validity of the analytical results.<h4>Conclusion</h4>In this Application, bioethanol was introduced directly into the ICPMS-2050 using an organic solvent introduction system to determine trace elements. Good spike recoveries were obtained, demonstrating that bioethanol can be analyzed accurately by direct injection.<h3>3. Thermo Fisher Scientific: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2364">Thermo Scientific™ Nicolet™ FTIR</a> and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2239">Thermo Scientific™ DXR Raman Microscope</a> Solutions</h3><ul><li>Other document</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/FL_52919_microspectroscopy_portfolio_flyer_516ee05816.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Microspectroscopy has become an essential tool in modern analytical laboratories, enabling detailed chemical identification and spatial analysis at the microscale. Whether working in pharmaceuticals, materials science, forensics, or electronics, selecting the right combination of FTIR or Raman microscopy is critical for achieving accurate and efficient results.Thermo Scientific offers a comprehensive portfolio of FTIR and Raman microscope solutions designed to match different analytical needs, user expertise levels, and throughput requirements. From routine QA/QC to advanced research applications, these systems provide scalable solutions for a wide range of analytical challenges .<h4>Matching the Right Tool to Your Application</h4>The portfolio is structured to help users “find their best fit” based on analytical complexity, required spatial resolution, and workflow demands. Entry-level configurations, such as the SurveyIR™ microspectroscopy accessory combined with Nicolet FTIR spectrometers, are ideal for routine identification tasks in QA/QC environments.As analytical needs increase, systems such as the Nicolet iN5 IR microscope with <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2364">Nicolet iS20 FTIR</a> offer improved spatial resolution and flexibility for more frequent analyses. These solutions are particularly suitable for laboratories performing regular identification of materials with moderate complexity.For advanced analytical workflows, integrated systems like the Nicolet iN10 IR microscope or Nicolet RaptIR+™ FTIR microscope provide enhanced capabilities, including spatial distribution analysis and high-resolution measurements down to the micrometer scale. These systems are designed for analytical service labs and R&amp;D environments where both identification and morphological insights are required.<h4>Expanding Capabilities with Raman Microscopy</h4>Raman microscopy complements FTIR by enabling high-resolution chemical imaging and analysis of complex samples. Systems such as the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2239">DXR3 Raman microscope</a> and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2237">DXR3xi Raman imaging microscope</a> extend analytical capabilities to submicron spatial resolution, making them ideal for advanced research applications.These instruments allow users to not only identify compounds but also visualize their spatial distribution and morphology within a sample. This is particularly valuable in fields such as nanomaterials, semiconductors, and life sciences, where detailed structural and compositional information is required.<h4>From Identification to Imaging</h4>One of the key differentiators across the portfolio is the ability to move from simple identification to comprehensive imaging:<ul><li>Single-point analysis is available across all systems for rapid material identification</li><li>Small-area analysis enables localized chemical characterization</li><li>Large-area and spatial mapping provide insights into distribution and heterogeneity</li></ul>Higher-end systems, such as imaging microscopes, combine these capabilities with advanced automation and data processing tools, allowing users to efficiently analyze complex samples and extract meaningful insights .<h3>4. Waters Corporation: Accurate Particles Characterization in Lipid Nanoparticle Therapies</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/720009097_en_15af008f22.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have emerged as one of the most promising drug delivery methods1. LNPs encapsulate genetic material in submicrometer sized lipid vesicles, deliver large biologic payloads, exhibit low immunogenicity, and can enable large manufacturing scalability as seen with the Moderna® and Pfizer® mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. Like all biologics, LNPs can be physically unstable2, aggregate, and form subvisible particles (SVPs), and thus need to be properly formulated and evaluated for physical and chemical stability3. The next generation of LNPs are even more chemically and biologically complex than their predecessors1, presenting unique challenges in both their stability and manufacturability. Accurate low volume subvisible particle measurements will form a critical aspect of the quality assessment of LNPs.&nbsp;Like all injectables, LNPs are subject to USP 787/788 SVP testing4 . However, USP 788 compendial Method 1, light obscuration (LO), is deemed “unsuitable to measure liposomal and colloidal suspensions” as stated in the chapter. In fact, USP 788 recommends membrane microscopy (Compendial Method 2) for measuring liposomal formulations, given LO’s inability to handle solutions with a complex matrix4. Aura uses Backgrounded Membrane Imaging (BMI), a form of membrane microscopy that enables high throughput, low volume subvisible particle characterization. In this application note, we demonstrate how Aura™ GT System can accurately and thoroughly characterize the subvisible particle content of LNPs with volumes as little as 25 µL per sample. We focus on the analysis of two LNP samples formulated in different buffers and subjected temperature and freeze thaw stresses. In addition, we use Aura GT’s SYBR™ Gold assay5 to help characterize nucleic acid escape in stressed LNP samples and quantitatively analyze the stability and purity of these samples.<h4>Experimental</h4><h5>Particle Measurements&nbsp;</h5>LNP samples were measured using BMI and Fluorescence Membrane Microscopy (FMM) using <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=5&amp;search=aura+gt">Aura GT </a>on a black membrane plate. This procedure was adapted for each stress condition three wells were loaded with 25uL per well, and the filtrate stained with 1x SYBR Gold (2% v/v DMSO in PBS) for 1 min prior to FMM measurements. This procedure was adapted from Application note 16.5<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>Both samples A and B showed significant subvisible particle formation, more than 1x10^6/mL &gt;2 µm across most conditions except thermal stress, pointing to inherently unstable LNP formulations. Freeze thaw cycles significantly increased subvisible particle formation, while heat stress significantly reduced the subvisible particle concentration across both samples. Compared to protein formulations, this heat stress effect may appear unconventional. However, considering the LNP composition and upon further look at the literature, we are able to understand this phenomenon and conclude that significant heat stress can break a liposomal formulation apart3 , increasing the LNP solubility and thereby resulting in less insoluble particles captured on the membrane. On the other hand, freeze thawing produces more insoluble aggregates, thereby increasing subvisible counts as shown in BMI, exhibiting similar behavior to heat induced aggregation as in most protein formulations. A recurring theme in subvisible particle stability is that each formulation exhibits its own particle profile, LNPs are no exception. Another interesting data point is that freeze thawed LNPs showed significant SYBR Gold staining, whereas unstressed LNPs did not, indicating a unique nucleic acid leakage or rupture behavior for this type of stress. Finally, we also observed that buffer type did not significantly impact the subvisible particle count (data not shown). Whilst we observed significant particle counts across all samples tested, pH and buffer variance did not significantly increase particle formation. Indeed, several LNP formulations have reported robust stability profiles across a variety of buffers3 . Filtration of the final product may not be appropriate, as particle formation occurs following filtration, most likely in a concentration dependent manner (Figure 4). Multiple filtration steps, whilst able to clear the product, will undoubtedly result in reduced concentration of pharmacologically active LNPs and as a function of time particles will return as described in our “What Happens When I Filter My Sample” Application Note 21.&nbsp;In conclusion, Aura enables high throughput, low volume, accurate sub-visible particle analysis with direct applicability for LNP stability assessment. Arcane particle analysers, unsuitable for LNP assessment, will struggle to overcome the challenges associated with the physical and chemical complexity of LNPs. Indeed, Aura resolved these key challenges, providing a solution to sub-visible particle analysis of LNPs, from early stage inception through to product release.

News from LabRulezICPMS Library - Week 16, 2026

Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezICPMS Library in the week of 20th April 2026? Check out new documents from the field of spectroscopy/spectrometry and related techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT SPECTROSCOPY/SPECTROMETRY RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezLCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezGCMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring you white paper by Metrohm and application notes by Shimadzu, Thermo Fisher Scientific and Waters Corporation!<h3>1. Metrohm: Why switch to OMNIS Client/Server (C/S)?</h3><ul><li>Other document</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/WP_097_EN_3a0ff88144.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>This White Paper outlines the key benefits of <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=220&amp;search=OMNIS+software">OMNIS</a>, highlighting its scalability, cost-saving potential, and the positive impact it lends to overall business performance. The following sections cover more specific advantages of OMNIS, providing detailed insights into how this innovative solution can transform server management and drive significant cost reductions. Whether you are a small business looking to optimize your IT infrastructure or a large enterprise seeking to enhance operational efficiency, OMNIS offers a robust and scalable solution that can meet your needs.&nbsp;The cost savings for two different scenarios are calculated in this White Paper: medium- and large-scale organizations. For mid-sized environments involving 20 laboratory locations, the OMNIS Client/Server solution offers significant savings by reducing the number of servers tenfold—from 20 to just 2. For large-scale organizations with 60 laboratory locations worldwide, the solution enables substantial cost reductions by decreasing the number of servers from 60 to 6. These calculations demonstrate the scalability and costeffectiveness of the OMNIS Client/Server solution across various customer environments.<h4>COMPARISON OF TIAMO™ MULTI AND OMNIS CLIENT/SERVER&nbsp;</h4><h5>SCALABILITY&nbsp;</h5>tiamo™ multi Limitations&nbsp;A dedicated tiamo™ multi server is needed for each laboratory location.OMNIS C/S Advantages&nbsp;OMNIS C/S offers exceptional scalability, allowing businesses to easily expand their server infrastructure as needed. This means that as the business grows, OMNIS can seamlessly accommodate increased demand without compromising performance or efficiency. OMNIS is designed to scale up over many locations and countries without any negative impact on performance in a wide area network installation (WAN). By reducing the number of servers required to support operations, OMNIS C/S helps organizations achieve significant cost savings. This includes lower hardware costs, reduced energy consumption, and decreased maintenance expenses, resulting in substantial annual savings.<h5>ANALYSIS METHODS</h5>tiamo™ multi Limitations&nbsp;tiamo™ was designed as a pure titration measurement software solution.OMNIS C/S Advantages&nbsp;OMNIS is designed as a multiple measurement technology platform currently supporting titration, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, and process analytics. The platform will be continuously extended to support even more measurement technologies and devices in the future<h4>CONCLUSION&nbsp;</h4>The OMNIS Client/Server solution offers a transformative approach to managing server infrastructure for laboratory environments through centralization. By leveraging its unique scaling features, OMNIS enables significant cost savings and increased operational efficiency for both medium- and large-scale organizations.<h3>2. Shimadzu: Measurement of Fixed Carbon, Volatile Matter, and Ash of Biocoke</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_01_01136_en_c6a762bf92.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul><h4>User Benefits</h4><ul><li>The fixed carbon, volatile matter, and ash of biocoke can be measured by the DTG-60.</li><li>The combustion characteristics of biocoke can also be evaluated by using the DTG-60.</li><li>TG-DTA measurement can simultaneously grasp the endothermic and exothermic behaviors during pyrolysis and combustion, allowing a more comprehensive evaluation.</li></ul>Biocoke is a type of solid fuel produced using plant-derived organic resources (biomass) as the raw materials. Biocoke enables high-temperature combustion over an extended time period, and has also attracted attention as a zero-emission fuel which does not generate waste in the production process. It is produced by heating biomass under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions. A stable fuel with high compressive strength can be obtained by this process, allowing easy transportation and storage, as well as long-term preservation. As a fuel for industrial furnaces and boilers, biocoke is used as a substitute for conventional fossil fuels. It is also expected to be used as a sustainable energy source because its CO2 emissions are lower than those of fossil fuels. The diversity of the raw materials that can be used to produce biocoke, which include woody materials and agricultural residues, is also another feature.&nbsp;In this article, the volatile matter, fixed carbon, and ash of biocokes produced from waste wood and buckwheat husks were evaluated using a Shimadzu DTG-60 simultaneous TG/DTA.<h4>Evaluation of Combustion Characteristics by TG-DTA Measurement</h4>TG-DTA measurements of the size-adjusted waste wood biocoke and buckwheat husk biocoke were conducted under an air atmosphere.<ul><li>Instrument: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=DTG-60">DTG-60&nbsp;</a></li><li>Heating rate: 10 ˚C/min&nbsp;</li><li>Temperature range: 30 ˚C - 700 ˚C&nbsp;</li><li>Sample weight: 8 mg&nbsp;</li><li>Atmosphere: Air</li></ul><h4>Conclusion</h4>The combustion characteristics and fixed carbon content of waste wood biocoke and buckwheat husk biocoke were evaluated using a DTG-60 simultaneous TG/DTA. TG-DTA measurement is an effective method which can determine the combustion characteristics of biocokes under an air atmosphere and the composition ratio of the volatile matter, fixed carbon, and ash under a nitrogen atmosphere. Moreover, TG-DTA enables a more comprehensive evaluation, as the endothermic and exothermic behaviors during pyrolysis and combustion can be measured simultaneously. Since the properties of various types of biocokes differ depending on the raw material used and the production conditions, TG-DTA measurement is also useful for comparative studies of biocoke quality. In addition, when a mixture of various types of biomass is to be used, it is important to know the carbon content (fixed carbon content) of each raw material.<h3>3. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Classification of polyethylene by Raman spectroscopy</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/AN_52301_classification_polyethylene_Raman_spectroscopy_app_note_05122821c5.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Polyethylene (PE) is one of the most common plastics in the world with annual global production of around 80 million tons.1 Based on density, polyethylene is generally classified as high-density polyethylene (HDPE, &gt; 0.940 g/cm3 ) or low-density polyethylene (LDPE, &lt; 0.930 g/cm3 ).2 These different density polyethylene’s have vastly different physical, chemical, and mechanical properties, and hence are used in different applications. For example, HDPE is primarily used for milk jugs, detergent bottles, garbage containers, and water pipes, due to its high tensile strength; LDPE, on the other hand, has a lower tensile strength and is used mainly for plastic bags and wraps. Therefore, density is one the most important properties of polyethylene, and classifying them according to their density is essential for proper PE specification.&nbsp;Bulk PEs are manufactured as pellets (resins, granules), and later converted to other forms (such as films and pipes) using extrusion or molding processes. They are also made into multilayer films for a wide range of industrial applications like food and consumer product packaging. The density of bulk PE pellets and single-layer PE films can be measured and classified with relative ease using several standard techniques: ISO 1183-1/ASTM D792 (immersion method),3 ISO 1183-2/ASTM D1505 (density gradient method),4 and ASTM D4883 (ultrasound method).5 However, all these techniques require the PE in its “pure” form, which can be challenging in the case of PE in multilayer films. Extensive sample preparations (microtoming, separation of layers by dissolving in solvents) are often required6 to isolate the PE layer before analysis, which can be labor-intensive and time-consuming.&nbsp;Raman spectroscopy is sensitive to changes in the molecular structure level of PE, such as the degree of crystallinity, which is the key determining factor of PE density.7,8 More importantly, the confocal capability of Raman microscopy allows for facile in situ analysis of individual PE layers in multilayer films without the need to isolate the PE layer. To our best knowledge, PE density measurement using Raman has been limited to PE pellets.7,8 In this work, we want to systematically explore the feasibility of using confocal Raman microscopy for PE film density analysis, both qualitatively and quantitatively. We demonstrate that Raman microscopy in combination with the discriminant analysis method can be successfully applied to distinguish HDPE and LDPE in both pellet and film forms.<h4>Experimental</h4><h5>Method description</h5>A <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=3&amp;search=DXR2+Raman+microscope">Thermo Scientific™ DXR2 Raman Microscope</a> was used for the collection of Raman data. For each type/class of the pellet samples, Raman spectra were collected from 3 different pellets and averaged. For each film sample, Raman spectra were collected from 3-4 locations across the surface of the sample. An averaged spectrum was then used for final analysis.A 532 nm laser was used with a 2 mW laser power at the sample. A 10x objective and a 50 μm slit aperture were used to obtain more representative spectra from the samples. Total acquisition time for each spectrum was 30 seconds (3 second exposure x 10 exposures). Thermo Scientific™ OMNIC™ software was used for operation of the DXR2 Raman Microscope, and collection of Raman spectra; Thermo Scientific™ TQ Analyst™ software was used for chemometric analysis of the Raman data.<h4>Conclusion</h4>In this application note, we have successfully demonstrated the use of a Thermo Scientific DXR2 Raman Microscope, in combination with the TQ Analyst software, to classify polyethylene’s of different density classes in both pellet and film forms. Raman spectroscopy is nondestructive and requires minimal sample preparation. The classification method was created solely based on the Raman spectral features of LDPE and HDPE and was indifferent to the sample forms. Once the method is established, PE samples, pellets or films, can be correctly classified within minutes. Moreover, this work expands the scope of the previously reported study on PE pellets to include PE films, which broadens its applicability in the plastic/ polymer industry as well as many downstream industries. The described methodology should be applicable for in situ classification of thin PE layer(s) in multilayer films. The data were collected using an older model instrument DXR2 Raman microscope. Currently, Thermo Fisher Scientific offers an improved model, the DXR3 Raman Microscope, which offers superior speed and performance over its predecessor model.<h3>4. Waters Corporation: Rapidly Distinguish Protein from Non-Protein Particles in Biologic Formulations</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/720009101_en_b4370d547c.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Current subvisible analysis techniques make accurate particle identification virtually impossible. Light obscuration (LO) is a low refractive index contrast particle counting method which cannot distinguish between different particle types. Flow imaging (FI) techniques provide more information than LO, including particle images, morphological parameters and optical characteristics of particles. However, none of these features definitively identify the type of particle imaged. Flow imagers for example cannot distinguish between plastic, protein, and degraded polysorbate which are all very similar in morphology. Technologies available for detailed chemical composition ID such as Raman microscopy/spectroscopy have been used to fill in the gaps left by particle counters; however, they are tedious, require lots of expertise and extensive signal processing, and have the throughput of a single particle per several minutes of use, making the technique useful only to expert users during failure mode analysis.&nbsp;In order to fully characterize particulates and aggregates in biopharmaceutical product formulations, further information about the identity of all the particulates is crucial. Regulatory agencies expect drug manufacturers to move away from simple counting techniques and apply multiple and orthogonal methods to complement compendial methods.&nbsp;In this application note we introduce fluorescence membrane microscopy (FMM). FMM, exclusively available in the Aura™ System, is a high throughput, low volume, subvisible particle identification technology. FMM enables ultra-fast, 100% sampling efficiency, characterizing all particles from a single protein aggregate to tens of millions of particles in an entire multi-sample formulation, in under two hours.<h4>Experimental</h4>Fluorescence membrane microscopy (FMM) is a novel particle identification method that builds on backgrounded membrane imaging (BMI) to identify, categorize, and further scrutinize the most common particles in an entire bioformulation sample by using established extrinsic fluorescent dye chemistries.&nbsp;BMI, the backbone analysis technology used in the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2190">Aura</a> and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=5&amp;search=horizon">Horizon®</a> instruments, images a 96-well membrane plate before and after sample filtration, and conducts novel, high optical contrast image analysis to resolve particles from 1 µm to 5 mm in size, with a large &gt;36/mL counts dynamic range. Using fluorescent dyes, biopharmaceutical particles are stained and analyzed with FMM to confirm and quantify their presence. To enable FMM, Aura uses new membrane plates specifically manufactured to support labeled fluorescent workflows.<h4>Conclusion</h4>FMM using ThT allows one to conduct high throughput, low volume and specific protein/non-protein particle analysis. The power of FMM using ThT is the ability to obtain protein/non-protein ID for a whole 96-well plate assay down to a single individual particle in less than 90 minutes. ThT’s high solubility and specificity to protein aggregates makes it possible to differentiate protein aggregates from particles with similar morphology and refractive index like plastics and fatty acids. Compared to spectroscopic techniques, the throughput of FMM is 1000x higher, while using best in class particle sizing and counting analysis that has its roots in the wellestablished membrane microscopy found in USP 788.

News from LabRulezICPMS Library - Week 17, 2026

Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezICPMS Library in the week of 27th April 2026? Check out new documents from the field of spectroscopy/spectrometry and related techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT SPECTROSCOPY/SPECTROMETRY RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezLCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezGCMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring you application notes by Agilent Technologies, LECO, Shimadzu, and Thermo Fisher Scientific!<h3>1. Agilent Technologies: Ethanol Impurity Analysis Using the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=Cary+3500">Agilent Cary 3500 Flexible UV-Vis Spectrophotometer</a></h3>The use of long-path-length cells in pharmaceutical QC<ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_ethanol_impurity_analysis_cary_3500_flexible_uv_vis_5994_9041en_agilent_3980fa0dc8.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy is a rapid, sensitive, and nondestructive test widely used in the pharmaceutical industry for quality control (QC). This method typically involves using a standard 10 mm path length cuvette to measure absorbance of materials, which can then be used in QC labs to quantify or qualify an analyte of interest.&nbsp;In UV-Vis measurements, the photometric response of the spectrophotometer follows the Beer‑Lambert law, where a linear relationship exists between the sample absorbance and sample path length. The path length is the distance that the incident light travels through a sample. Increasing the cuvette path length from 10 to 50 mm increases the absorbance of a sample, aiding in more accurate quantification of components with low peak intensity. Alternatively, if the sample concentration is high and exceeds the linear dynamic detection range of the system, a cuvette with a shorter path length can be used instead.1In the pharmaceutical industry, ethanol is widely used in manufacturing as a disinfectant, solvent, and preservative. Due to its amphipathic structure, ethanol can dissolve both hydrophilic and lipophilic substances, serving as a medium to dissolve key components for a broad spectrum of drug formulations. The dual nature of ethanol also allows it to inhibit microbial growth by disrupting cellular membranes and denaturing proteins, processes that are vital for disinfection and the preservation of&nbsp;medications.2&nbsp;As a result, ethanol used in pharmaceutical manufacturing must comply with pharmacopeia standards to ensure drug safety, efficacy, and quality. The United States Pharmacopeia (USP)3, European Pharmacopoeia (EP)4, and Japanese Pharmacopoeia (JP)5 all specify using an ultraviolet absorption test to measure impurities in ethanol at designated wavelengths (Table 1). In this test, the absorption spectrum should show a steadily descending curve with no observable peaks or shoulders, which serve as qualitative indicators of impurities present in the sample. Since the impurities have low absorbance levels, the USP, EP, and JP require the use of a 50 mm cell to improve sensitivity and detection levels.<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>The <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=Cary+3500">Agilent Cary 3500 Flexible UV-Vis spectrophotometer</a> with variable-path-length cell holder demonstrates exceptional performance in the measurement of ethanol impurities according to global pharmacopeia standards. This underscores the system's suitability for pharmaceutical‑grade quality control. Combined with Agilent Cary UV Workstation software and a 10-year xenon flash lamp replacement warranty, this system delivers a user-friendly interface and global pharmacopeia-compliant hardware (USP, EP, JP), providing long‑term stability and low maintenance. Optimized workflows enable precise, routine photometric quality checks to ensure products are in compliance with pharmaceutical-grade standards.<h3>2. LECO: Determination of Nitrogen/Protein in Whey and Powdered Dairy Products</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/FP_928_NITROGEN_PROTEIN_WHEY_POWDERED_DAIRY_203_821_671_1ecb5b0d95.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Two of the main types of proteins in milk are casein and whey. Whey protein is a co-product of cheese production and represents the water-soluble protein remaining in the solution after the milk has been acidified or a coagulation agent has been added. The removal of the non-soluble casein protein portion is referred to as curds. Whey protein is a common ingredient in many dietary supplements due to its availability, solubility, and unique functional characteristics.&nbsp;The accurate and precise determination of protein in whey and powdered dairy products not only plays a role in the characterization of nutritional or dietary value in dairy products, but may also be key in determining the quality or category of the dairy product. Protein in whey and other dairy products is most commonly calculated using the measured Nitrogen in the sample and a protein factor multiplier (protein factors vary according to the sample matrix).<h4>Instrument Model and Configuration&nbsp;</h4>The <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/1885">LECO FP928</a> is a macro combustion Nitrogen/Protein determinator that utilizes a pure Oxygen environment in a high-temperature horizontal ceramic combustion furnace, utilizing ceramic boats designed to handle macro sample masses (~ 1.0 g). A thermoelectric cooler removes moisture from the combustion gases before they are collected in a ballast. The gases equilibrate and mix in the ballast before a representative aliquot (3 cm3 or 10 cm3 volume) of the gas is extracted and introduced into a flowing stream of inert carrier gas (Helium or Argon) for analysis. The aliquot of gas is carried through a heated reduction tube, filled with Copper, to convert Nitrogen Oxide combustion gas species (NOx) to Nitrogen (N2). The aliquot gas is then carried to a thermal conductivity cell (TC) for the detection of Nitrogen (N2).&nbsp;Thermal conductivity detectors work by detecting changes in the thermal conductivity of the analyte gas compared to a reference/carrier gas. The greater the difference between the thermal conductivity of the carrier gas and the analyte gas, the greater the sensitivity of the detector. The FP928 supports either the use of Helium or Argon as the instrument's carrier gas. When used as a carrier gas, Helium provides the highest sensitivity, and the best performance at the lower limit of the Nitrogen range. The thermal conductivity difference between Argon and Nitrogen is not as great as the thermal conductivity difference between Helium and Nitrogen; therefore, the detector is inherently less sensitive when using Argon as a carrier gas.<h4>TYPICAL RESULTS&nbsp;</h4>Data was generated utilizing a linear, force through origin calibration using ~0.75 g of LECO 502-896 (Lot 1007) LCRM EDTA (9.59% N). The calibration was verified using ~0.1 g of LECO 502-688 (Lot 1004) LCRM Nicotinic Acid (11.37% N). Samples were weighed and analyzed at ~0.5 grams. A protein † factor of 6.38 was used for all samples to calculate the protein content.<h3>3. Shimadzu: High-Temperature Gigacycle Fatigue Test of Inconel 718 and Element Distribution Measurement on a Fracture Surface</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_01_01082_en_37d9ba3a1a.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul><h4>User Benefits</h4><ul><li>Fatigue testing at 20 kHz can be performed using an ultrasonic fatigue testing machine, and 109 cycle fatigue tests can be completed in about 14 hours.</li><li>High-temperature fatigue tests can be performed by using a combination of an ultrasonic fatigue testing system and an induction heating furnace.</li><li>The origins of fatigue fractures and inclusions can be identified by observations and element distribution measurements using an electron probe microanalyzer.</li></ul>Inconel 718 has excellent heat and corrosion resistance and high strength. Its mechanical properties can be maintained even under high-temperature environments, which is why it is used in harsh environments, such as in the jet engines and turbine blades in the aerospace industry, and in gas turbines and nuclear power plant parts in the energy industry. In these applications, long-term reliability is crucial, making fatigue testing essential. However, this can be time-consuming; for example, gigacycle fatigue testing exceeding 109 cycles takes three to four months at a frequency of 100 Hz when using a conventional fatigue testing machine. But with the USF-2000A ultrasonic fatigue testing system, tests performed at a frequency of 20 kHz can be completed in approximately 14 hours.&nbsp;This article describes using the USF-2000A to perform gigacycle fatigue tests on Inconel 718 at 600 °C. In addition, the EPMA8050G, which is an electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA ), was used to observe the fatigue fracture surfaces and measure the element distribution.<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>Gigacycle fatigue tests were performed on Inconel 718 at 600 °C, using the USF-2000A ultrasonic fatigue testing system. Good results were obtained since the number of cycles to fractures fell in the range 106 to 109 for their respective loading conditions. The EPMA-8050G electron probe microanalyzer was used to perform elemental mapping analysis of fractures originating from inclusions, and the elements of the inclusions were identified.<h3>4. Thermo Fisher Scientific: XPS depth profiling of coated nitrided steel using femtosecond laser ablation</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/xps_depth_profiling_coated_nitrided_steel_appnote_d19841e6c9.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a powerful surface analysis technique that provides essential information about elemental composition along with chemical and electronic states. Depth profiling, a process in which material is repeatedly and sequentially analyzed with XPS and removed, provides access to buried features, layers, and interfaces. Traditional ion sputtering methods for depth profiling can, however, lead to preferential sputtering and chemical damage, impacting the reliability and accuracy of results. This is particularly problematic for complex, multi-layered structures and coatings, where it is crucial for the stoichiometry and chemical integrity to be maintained throughout the depth profile.&nbsp;This application note explores the use of femtosecond laser ablation (fs-LA) as an alternative to conventional ion sputtering for XPS depth profiling. Specifically, this approach is used to analyze a nitrided steel surface coated with a titanium-doped molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂:Ti) layer, which was applied with physical vapor deposition (PVD). Nitriding is typically used in applications where durability is critical, such as in the production of gears, as it increases surface hardness and wear resistance. The addition of a MoS₂:Ti coating offers additional benefits such as enhanced lubrication and wear resistance. Molybdenum disulfide is well-known for its lubricating properties, and doping with titanium improves mechanical strength and adhesion to the substrate. Accurate depth profiling is essential for unraveling how these structures increase performance and for their further optimization and improvement.<h4>Experimental</h4>A <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2206">Thermo Scientific™ Hypulse™ Surface Analysis System,</a> equipped with both traditional ion sputtering and fs-LA capabilities, was utilized for the analysis. XPS data was collected in SnapShot mode using a 30 µm X-ray spot size. A 500 eV monoatomic Ar⁺ beam from a Thermo Scientific™ MAGCIS™ Dual Beam Ion Source was used for sputter depth profiling. The fs-LA depth profiles were generated using a 1,030-nm laser operating at a 160 fs pulse length. The pulse energy was increased from 83 µJ to 250 µJ when transitioning from the MoS₂:Ti coating into the bulk steel material.<h4>Summary&nbsp;</h4>XPS depth profiling with femtosecond laser ablation offers a robust alternative to traditional ion sputtering, particularly for materials sensitive to preferential sputtering and chemical damage. The technique provides accurate stoichiometric analysis and preserves chemical state information, making it ideal for complex, multi-layered structures with deeply buried interfaces. The fs-LA method can offer comparable depth resolution to ion sputtering while being able to profile greater depths in a fraction of the time.&nbsp;This application note demonstrates the effectiveness of fs-LA in maintaining the chemical integrity of a nitrided steel material with a MoS₂:Ti coating throughout a depth profile, providing accurate and reliable results in a practical timeframe.

News from LabRulezICPMS Library - Week 18, 2026

Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezICPMS Library in the week of 4th May 2026? Check out new documents from the field of spectroscopy/spectrometry and related techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT SPECTROSCOPY/SPECTROMETRY RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezLCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezGCMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring you application notes by KNAUER, Shimadzu, and Thermo Fisher Scientific!<h3>1. KNAUER: Analysis of HPLC fractions by Benchtop NMR</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/knauer_hplc_benchtop_nmr_web_638c60e13c.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Preparative HPLC is essential for isolating compounds and removing impurities in pharmaceutical and chemical industries. Non-destructive, fast analysis is preferred to maintain yield and enable at-line monitoring, avoiding lengthy sample preparation. Recent advancements in benchtop NMR spectrometers (up to 90 MHz) allow quick analysis without deuterated solvents. In this proof-of-concept study we purified a pharmaceutical sample via HPLC and confirmed its identity using benchtop NMR. Fractions (0.7–4.4 mM) were analyzed without preparation, using only 300 µL per sample, ensuring rapid batch control with no product loss. This study demonstrates the seamless integration of HPLC and benchtop NMR.<h4>Experimental</h4><h5>Preparative HPLC Method</h5>Eluent 20:80 Ethanol/water, isocratic mode, flow rate 12.5 ml/min, detection UV254 nm 2 Hz, 500 µl stacked injection, automated fractionation with threshold function, column temperature ambient, Column Eurospher II 100-10 C18 150x20 mm&nbsp;<h5>Analytical HPLC Method</h5>Eluent 20:80 Ethanol /water + 0.1% formic acid, isocratic mode, flow rate 1 ml/min, detection UV254 nm 10 Hz, 5 µl partial loop injection, column temperature 25 °C, Column <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1633">Eurospher II 100-5 C18</a> 150x4 mm&nbsp;<h5>NMR Method&nbsp;</h5>NMR spectra were acquired on a Magritek Multi-X Ultra 80 MHz benchtop NMR system using an adapted WET sequence for solvent suppression. 32 scans were acquired with a repetition time of 15s. WET parameters were adjusted for each sample to yield optimal suppression for all solvent signals. Pooled HPLC fractions were analysed directly without addition of deuterated solvents or other sample preparation.<h4>Conclusion</h4>This proof-of-concept study successfully shows that HPLC and benchtop NMR can be used together easily. Samples can be analyzed non-destructively within minutes and without any further preparation due to highly efficient suppression of multiple solvent signals. Compounds can be identified without the need of reference standards. This study shows that NMR can provide a valid compatible alternative detector for HPLC fraction analysis.<h3>2. Shimadzu: DIC Analysis in High-Speed Tensile Test of CFRP</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_01_00854_en_fb6c68b858.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul><h4>User Benefits</h4><ul><li>The <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=HPV-X3">HPV-X3</a> is suitable for observation of fracture of brittle materials such as CFRP because it has a maximum recording speed (framerate) of 20 Mfps.&nbsp;</li><li>The HPV-X3 provides improved DIC analysis performance, as its resolution is 3 times higher than that of the conventional highspeed video camera.</li><li>The HITS-TX impact testing machine enables testing at a maximum speed of 20 m/s</li></ul>Carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) is a material with particularly high specific strength, even among composite materials, and used in various applications such as transport aircraft, taking advantage of its excellent mechanical properties. Because CFRP consists of carbon fibers and resin, it shows complex fracture behavior, and brittle fracture progresses from damage as the point of origin. Since fracture proceeds instantaneously, a high-speed video camera with a high recording speed is necessary when observing fracture of CFRP. One method for measuring strain in a high-speed tensile test is Digital Image Correlation (DIC), which visualizes the distribution of strain at the specimen surface by comparing a random pattern on the specimen surface before and after deformation. Thus, a high-speed video camera with a high resolution is also necessary in order to improve the DIC performance.&nbsp;Newly-developed <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=HPV-X3">Hyper Vision HPV-X3 high-speed video camera</a> is extremely well-suited to DIC analysis of CFRP, as its recording speed is 2 timesfaster and itsresolution is 3 times higher than the conventional HPV-X2. In this experiment, a high-speed tensile test of CFRP was conducted using a HITS-TX high-speed tensile testing machine. The condition of the test was observed with the new HPV-X3, and the strain distribution of the CFRP test piece was clarified by a DIC analysis of the recorded images.<h4>Test Piece and Test Instruments</h4>A CFRP quasi-isotropic laminate was used as the test piece. Aluminum foil was glued to the back side of the test piece, and the timing when the electrical conduction of the aluminum foil was interrupted by fracture of the test piece was used as the trigger for video recording. The HITS-TX was used in the highspeed tensile test. The HPV-X3 was used in fracture observation, and for comparison, the fracture process was also recorded with the conventional HPV-X2 camera. Fig. 1 shows the condition of the test, and Table 1 and Table 2 show the equipment composition and test conditions, respectively.<h4>DIC Analysis Results in High-Speed Tensile Test</h4>Fig. 3 shows the DIC analysis results in the high-speed tensile test. The color bar was set to display the color purple at around 0 % strain and red at around 2 % strain. Fig. 3 (1) is an image at the start of the test. After the test started, strain in the 45˚ direction concentrated from the lower left to the right central area, as can be seen in Fig. 3 (2). Then, as the test progressed, a condition of increasing strain in the initial area of strain concentration can be seen in Fig. 3 (3) to (9). A crack occurs in Fig. 3 (10), and strain decreases in the crack area. Following this, the test piece fractured completely in Fig. 3 (11) and (12), and a decrease in the strain in the area around the crack could be observed.<h4>Conclusion</h4>A high-speed tensile test of CFRP was conducted using a HITSTX high-speed tensile testing machine and the newlydeveloped HPV-X3 high-speed video camera, and the strain distribution at the time of test piece fracture was visualized by a DIC analysis. Because the HPV-X3 offers a 3 times higher resolution and a 2 times faster recording speed than the conventional device, it is a suitable high-speed video camera for fracture observation and DIC analysis in impact tests of brittle materials such as CFRP. The measurement system introduced in this Application News article is a useful tool for the development of composite materials.<h3>3. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Polymer analysis using femtosecond-laser-ablation depth profiling</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/xps_depth_profiling_polymer_analysis_appnote_c731e2e7e0.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is an essential polymer characterization technique that can identify not just the elemental composition but also the chemical state of polymer samples. This allows the chemical bonding environment to be deduced and, as a result, the polymer species can be identified. This can all be achieved with minimal sample preparation thanks to the built-in charge-compensation systems found in XPS instruments, which simplify the analysis of insulating samples.&nbsp;The introduction of gas cluster ion sources (GCIS), such as the Thermo Scientific™ MAGCIS Dual Mode Ion Source, marked a major step forward in polymer analysis. Unlike monatomic ion beams, GCIS are able to clean surface contamination, and etch away layers of sample material, without damaging the underlying chemistry of organic samples such as polymers. As a result, GCIS has allowed chemical-damage-free analysis to reach micrometers below the sample surface. This depth of analysis can be highly time consuming, however, and total experimental times can range from multiple hours to days.&nbsp;The addition of femtosecond-laser-ablation (fs-LA) technology is alleviating this, allowing for XPS spectra to be collected from a depth of tens of µm into a sample in a matter of minutes. This is because the laser ablation occurs on the femtosecond timescale (i.e., nearly instantaneously), effectively eliminating the material removal time of the depth profile. Additionally, unlike other material removal techniques such as atomic ion beam impact (where a collision cascade effect is induced to remove surface material) fs-LA is capable of removing material without chemical damage due to the ultrashort columbic explosion process used to eject the material. The resulting profile is therefore representative of the actual sample chemistry.<h4>Paint layer analysis&nbsp;</h4>In traditional ion-beam depth profiling, analytical depths are generally limited to several hundred nanometers, up to a micrometer. This means that it is extremely difficult to analyze the interfaces between multiple micrometer-thick layers in a sample without the use of additional techniques such as ultralow-angle microtome (ULAM) sectioning.¹ The introduction of fs-LA technology, however, allows micrometers of material to be removed rapidly, enabling the characterization of layered samples.&nbsp;As an example, a multi-layer paint specimen (provided by the University of Surrey, UK) was depth profiled using the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2206">Thermo Scientific™ Hypulse™ Surface Analysis System</a>. The sample consists of an aluminum substrate coated with a 5 µm layer of polyurethane primer followed by a 25 µm PMMA/PVdF topcoat.The depth profile was generated using a 1,030 nm laser with an energy of 250 µJ for ablation, along with a 30 µm X-ray spot size for data collection. XPS spectra were collected after each ablation cycle to obtain an atomic concentration plot through both paint layers into the substrate material (Figure 2).&nbsp;5 distinct regions throughout the analyzed depth can be seen. The top surface of the sample consists of an adventitious layer of carbon contamination, which is commonly found on samples exposed to air. The second layer is the 25 µm PVdF/PMMA topcoat, and the third layer is the PU primer. Between the primer and the final aluminum substrate layer, a clear increase in adventitious carbon is observed, similar to the signal seen at the top sample surface. This suggests residual carbon contamination was present on the substrate before the paint layers were applied.&nbsp;It would take hours to produce the XPS depth profile shown in Figure 2 using traditional ion beam approaches. Even with the use of a monatomic beam with a high energy per atom, the length of the analysis could still be just as long, depending on the sample material, and would sacrifice the chemistry of any organic/polymeric materials. The combination of fs-LA depth profiling and snapshot XPS acquisition, meanwhile, can reduce the experimental time to less than 20 minutes without inducing any chemical damage to the sample surface.<h4>Summary&nbsp;</h4>One of the most critical aspects of successful polymer XPS depth profiling is the preservation of the sample chemistry during material removal. Additionally, experiment time can be a significant limiting factor, and thicker samples could lead to reduced time for repeat experiments. The femtosecond laser ablation capabilities of the Hypulse Surface Analysis System provide fast, efficient, and chemical-damage-free material removal from a sample surface, enabling analysis multiple micrometers into a sample. This means that hidden sample interfaces, that were largely inaccessible before, can now be analyzed easily and efficiently

News from LabRulezICPMS Library - Week 19, 2026

Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezICPMS Library in the week of 11th May 2026? Check out new documents from the field of spectroscopy/spectrometry and related techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT SPECTROSCOPY/SPECTROMETRY RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezLCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezGCMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring you presentation by MDCW / Mount Royal University, application by Shimadzu, and brochure by Thermo Fisher Scientific!<h3>1. MDCW / Mount Royal University: An Analysis of Fresh and Used Aircraft Oil: An Indication of Exposure Pathway Possibility to Inorganic and Organic Pollutants</h3><ul><li>Presentation</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/O_4_Hayes_fed01ca35a.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Aircraft engine oils are highly complex mixtures formulated to meet strict MIL-SPEC requirements for piston, turboprop, and jet engines, often containing proprietary additive packages designed to improve thermal stability, reduce wear, and prevent corrosion. In this presentation at the 17th Multidimensional Chromatography Workshop, Kevin Hayes investigated how aircraft oils change during engine operation and whether these changes could contribute to occupational exposure risks for flight crews and maintenance personnel. The study focused on comparing fresh and used oils from piston, turboprop, and jet aircraft to better understand how inorganic and organic contaminants accumulate or are depleted during normal engine operation.The research combined routine multi-element analysis using ICP-OES with advanced GC×GC-TOFMS speciation analysis. Used piston and turboprop oils were collected with assistance from the MRU Aviation Program, while used jet oil samples were obtained from a private European jet operator. Elemental analysis showed significant differences between new and used oils. In piston engine oils, sulfur and lead concentrations increased substantially during use, with lead accumulation linked to tetraethyl lead (TEL) from 100LL aviation fuel. Phosphorus compounds were also detected in used oils despite not being present in the fresh oil samples, indicating additional contributions from operational processes or additives.For jet and turboprop oils, phosphorus-containing additives behaved differently. Fresh oils contained relatively high phosphorus concentrations, but these levels decreased significantly after engine operation, suggesting additive depletion or release of phosphorus-containing compounds during use. The authors highlighted that this may be particularly relevant for bleed-air systems in commercial aircraft, where oil-derived compounds could potentially enter cabin air. GC×GC-TOFMS analysis further identified several organophosphate compounds in piston engine oils. Interestingly, commonly discussed compounds such as tricresyl phosphate (TCP) were not detected, while other organophosphates were observed instead, demonstrating the importance of comprehensive speciation analysis rather than focusing solely on previously suspected contaminants.The presentation concluded that aircraft engine oils undergo substantial chemical changes during normal operation, with both inorganic and organic compounds accumulating or being depleted in ways that are not captured by analyses of unused oils alone. While elemental analysis provided valuable first-level insight into wear metals and additive behavior, GC×GC-TOFMS delivered critical molecular-level information about specific contaminant classes and transformation products. Together, the results suggest that current hazard assessments based only on fresh oils may underestimate potential occupational exposure risks and demonstrate the value of combining elemental analysis with advanced multidimensional chromatography for a more complete understanding of aircraft oil-related exposure pathways.<h3>2. Shimadzu: Measurement of TOC in Chloroisocyanuric Acid Used as Disinfectant</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_01_01019_en_4c48146421.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul><h4>User Benefits</h4><ul><li>Samples such as chloroisocyanuric acid, which are difficult to detect using a wet oxidation TOC analyzer, can be measured with high sensitivity using the combustion oxidation <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=TOC-L">TOC-L,</a> which has a strong oxidizing power.</li><li>One sample can be measured quickly, typically within 10-20 minutes.</li></ul>In facilities where people have direct contact with water, such as swimming pools, hot springs, and bathhouses, strict water quality management is essential to protect public health and safety. Total organic carbon (TOC) measurement is widely used to detect water quality degradation caused by microbial growth and contamination with foreign substances.&nbsp;Solid powder chloroisocyanuric acids (including dichloroisocyanuric acid and trichloroisocyanuric acid), which exhibit minimal chlorine deactivation, are commonly used as disinfectants for swimming pool water instead of sodium hypochlorite solutions. However, because chlorinated isocyanuric acid is a recalcitrant substance, it is challenging to detect using wet oxidation TOC analyzers due to itsresistance to oxidation and decomposition. In contrast, a combustion oxidation TOC analyzer can measure chloroisocyanuric acids with high sensitivity and recovery rates due to itsstrong oxidizing power. In this application, we compared the TOC measurement results for sodium dichloroisocyanurate using a combustion oxidation <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=TOC-LCPH">TOC-LCPH</a> analyzer and a wet oxidation <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=TOC-VWP">TOC-VWP</a> analyzer.<h4>Conclusion</h4>The combustion oxidation TOC analyzer demonstrated high accuracy in measuring the samples. Due to its strong oxidizing power, the combustion oxidation TOC analyzer is particularly suitable for measuring TOC in samples containing recalcitrant substances such as sodium dichloroisocyanurate.<h3>3. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Exploring the surface in depth with XPS analysis</h3><ul><li>Brochure</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/exploring_surface_depth_xps_analysis_a5a921a258.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul><h5>The need for surface and interface analysis&nbsp;</h5>In today’s rapidly evolving technological landscape, precise material analysis is crucial for the development and optimization of advanced materials and devices. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is an established technique for the characterization of material surface chemistry, capable of revealing compositional information several nanometers into a sample. Depth profiling is a method that extends the analysis range of XPS; by alternating material removal and XPS analysis, it can reveal how composition changes from the surface to the bulk, or across interfaces between different compounds in a sample. This information can be just as critical as how a material’s surface interacts with its environment, and can provide a more complete picture of the material’s behavior and properties.&nbsp;The <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2206">Thermo Scientific™ Hypulse™ Surface Analysis System</a> is a fully featured XPS instrument with a range of additional analytical capabilities, including reflected electron energy loss spectroscopy (REELS) and low-energy ion scattering spectroscopy (ISS). The system is equipped with a Thermo Scientific MAGCIS Dual-Mode Ion Source and a novel femtosecond laser-ablation system (fs-LA) for XPS depth profiling.&nbsp;This eBook explores XPS depth profiling in detail and shows how the Hypulse System is ideally suited for this technique, helping you uncover critical surface and sub-surface information.

News from LabRulezICPMS Library - Week 20, 2026

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