<p><strong>In the week from March 2, the following webinars await you in the field of atomic and molecular spectroscopy and spectrometry</strong></p><blockquote><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinars"><strong>👉 DETAILS AND REGISTRATION IN THE WEBINARS SECTION</strong></a></h4><p><strong>👉 Search and filter in the largest global database</strong> with over <strong>5 500 GC, LC, MS and spectroscopy webinars</strong>.</p></blockquote><h5><strong>1. Bruker: Ride the Tide – Novel NMR Approaches for Peptide Conformation and Kinetics Characterization</strong></h5><ul><li>Tu, 3.3.2026 17:00 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/5842">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Discover advanced NMR workflows for cyclic peptides and macrocycles, combining minimal restraints, high-resolution 3D conformations, and flow-NMR for real-time kinetic analysis.</p><h5><strong>2. Anton Paar: Heated Stories – What Differential Scanning Calorimetry Reveals About Petrochemical Materials</strong></h5><ul><li>Th, 5.3.2026 16:00 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/5843">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Learn how Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) reveals oxidation, thermal stability, and phase behavior in lubricants, fuels, and bituminous materials under thermal stress.</p><h5><strong>3. SPECTRO Analytical Instruments: Boost Your ICP-OES Accuracy</strong></h5><ul><li>Th, 5.3.2026 17:00 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/5798">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Explore how advanced ICP-OES solutions simplify complex analytical workflows and deliver accurate, dependable results across diverse applications.</p>

Webinars LabRulezICPMS Week 10/2026

<p><strong>Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezICPMS Library in the week of 2nd March 2026? Check out new documents from the field of spectroscopy/spectrometry and related techniques!</strong></p><blockquote><p><span style="font-size:20px;">👉 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library"><span style="font-size:20px;"><strong>SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT SPECTROSCOPY/SPECTROMETRY RELATED TECHNIQUES</strong></span></a></p></blockquote><blockquote><p><strong>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques?</strong> Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library"><strong>LabRulezLCMS</strong></a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library"><strong>LabRulezGCMS</strong></a> libraries.</p></blockquote><p>This week we bring you application notes by <strong>Agilent Technologies</strong>, <strong>Metrohm,</strong> <strong>Shimadzu </strong>and<strong> Thermo Fisher Scientific!</strong></p><h3><strong>1. Agilent Technologies: Routine Analysis of Rare Earth Elements in Basalt using ICP-MS</strong></h3><p><strong>Accurate, precise, and stable results in a basalt sample matrix with the </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=7850+ICP-MS"><strong>Agilent 7850 ICP-MS</strong></a><strong> in helium collision mode&nbsp;</strong></p><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_rare_earth_metals_7850_icp_ms_5994_8963en_agilent_07d5eb637c.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>Rare Earth Elements (REEs) play a vital role in numerous industrial applications, including advanced materials, electronics, renewable energy technologies, and geochemical research<sup>.1</sup> Precise and routine quantification of REEs in geological matrices such as basalt is essential for understanding magmatic processes, resource assessment, and environmental monitoring. ICP-MS is suitable for the analysis of trace REEs in basalt. However, the sample poses significant analytical challenges due to its complex matrix, high concentrations of major elements, and the risk of polyatomic interferences such as oxides and hydroxides of barium (Ba) and REEs that can compromise accuracy.<sup>1–3 </sup>Because it contains high levels of alumina, silica, and refractory metals, basalt can also compromise plasma robustness due to matrix-induced signal suppression.</p><p>Various techniques have been used to measure REEs in geological samples, including multicollector (MC-) ICP-MS detection following α-hydroxyisobutyric acid (HIBA) separation.<sup>4</sup> Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) offers excellent sensitivity for many lanthanides (and long lived actinides like thorium and uranium) but is constrained by long irradiation times and the need to access nuclear reactors.<sup>5</sup> Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry (TIMS) provides highly precise isotopic measurements; however, it requires complex sample preparation and is unsuitable for routine multi-element analysis.<sup>6</sup> Laser Ablation ICP-MS (LA-ICP-MS) enables direct, spatially resolved measurements of geological samples but demands careful matrix matching of standards and is sensitive to variations in ablation behavior.<sup>7</sup> High-Resolution ICP-MS (HR-ICP-MS) improves spectral resolution, yet its high cost, lower throughput, and operational complexity limit its widespread use. While these techniques remain valuable for specialized applications, they often fall short when laboratories require rapid, routine, and interference-free determination of lanthanides and actinides in rock matrices.&nbsp;</p><p>ICP-MS has become the preferred technique for routine REE analysis due to its exceptional sensitivity, wide linear dynamic range, and multi-element capability. In this study, REE measurements were performed using an Agilent 7850 ICP-MS with an Agilent SPS 4 autosampler and controlled using Agilent ICP-MS MassHunter software. A preset method enabled the accurate and precise determination of 16 lanthanide and actinide elements in a single run, supporting high sample throughput. The 7850 includes Octopole Reaction System (ORS⁴) cell technology and optimized helium (He) collision mode to effectively remove polyatomic ion interferences using Kinetic Energy Discrimination (KED). Common interferences can be eliminated by the 7850 using default He KED tuning conditions, ensuring reliable analysis in complex matrices.<sup>8,9</sup> As polyatomic ions pass through the ORS⁴ cell with an optimized helium flow, their larger collisional cross sections cause them to lose more kinetic energy via frequent collisions. Upon exiting the cell, these lower energy polyatomic ions are filtered out by the KED barrier, while analyte ions retain enough energy to pass through the quadrupole for detection by the electron multiplier detector. This process enables accurate multi element analysis using a single gas mode.</p><h4><strong>Experimental&nbsp;</strong></h4><h5><strong>Instrumentation&nbsp;</strong></h5><p>The <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=7850+ICP-MS"><strong>Agilent 7850 ICP-MS</strong></a> equipped with the ORS4 cell and an Agilent SPS 4 autosampler was used for all the measurements of the basalt sample. (The same 7850 ICP-MS setup is also installed at Geochemistry and Geochronology facility of the Institute of Seismological Research, India.) Because ammonium fluoride (NH4 F) was used during sample preparation, the 7850 ICP-MS was fitted with the optional PFA kit and platinum sampling and skimmer cones. All 16 elements were measured using one set of He KED collision cell mode conditions. He KED ensures effective control of most background and matrix-based polyatomic interferences, such as ArO, ArCl, and BaO. The instrument was controlled using ICP-MS MassHunter software. Typical instrument operating parameters are listed in Table 1. The highlighted parameters were predefined by selecting the General Purpose preset method, while lens voltages were automatically tuned for optimal performance using the software’s autotune feature.</p><h4><strong>Conclusion&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>The Agilent 7850 ICP-MS successfully quantified all 16 lanthanides and actinide elements in the basalt CRM using a single helium KED cell method. The use of a General Purpose preset method and automated lens tuning routine within the Agilent ICP-MS MassHunter software streamlined the analytical workflow, minimizing instrument setup time and ensuring consistent instrument performance. These ease of use features simplified instrument operation while maintaining accurate, interference free results. Internal standard stability over three hours of continuous operation demonstrated the robustness of the 7850 under routine, high throughput conditions. This level of instrument stability is important for maintaining productivity, as it reduces drift, QC failures, sample reanalysis, and instrument maintenance. The 7850 ICP-MS method supports laboratories conducting routine, high-throughput multi-element analyses of demanding geological matrices.</p><h3><strong>2. Metrohm: Flour analysis by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)</strong></h3><p><strong>NIR flour analysis determines moisture, protein, ash, gluten, starch, and rheological properties within seconds</strong></p><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_nir_123_download_f35ec480b3.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>Monitoring ash content, along with key quality parameters such as protein and moisture content, can significantly enhance the milling yield of flour. Next to these chemical parameters, rheological parameters like baking strength or tenacity influence the product quality. Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy enables chemical-free quality control of both chemical and rheological parameters, producing results within seconds. This simple, efficient, and rapid analysis method is ideal for continuous quality checks and can be implemented in laboratory settings or atline, requiring minimal training for effective use.</p><h4><strong>EXPERIMENTAL EQUIPMENT&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>A total of 237 flour samples, including wheat flour, spelt flour, and other types, were analyzed on a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=220&amp;search=omnis+nir"><strong>Metrohm OMNIS NIR Analyzer Solid</strong></a> (Figure 1) with the large cup OMNIS NIR, 100 mm and OMNIS software. The samples were filled into the sample cup and analyzed in diffuse reflection mode. To include sample variety, the sample cup rotated during measurement to collect spectra from different locations. The automatically averaged spectra were used for model development. Reference values for moisture, protein, and ash content were obtained with the respective primary methods: moisture analysis followed AOAC 953.10, protein according to AOAC 2001.11, and ash content followed AOAC 923.03.</p><h4><strong>CONCLUSION</strong></h4><p>This Application Note shows the feasibility of using NIR spectroscopy for the analysis of several quality parameters in flour. With no chemicals involved, nearinfrared spectroscopy is an ideal way to avoid timeconsuming sample preparation and reduce costs. NIRS instruments from Metrohm allow users to not only to monitor the flour milling process, but also to predict the rheological properties of the dough the flour is produced with.</p><h3><strong>3. Shimadzu: Observation of Expansion/Contraction Process of Bubbles in PVA Gel</strong></h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_01_00855_en_d5da0bf713.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><h4><strong>User Benefits</strong></h4><ul><li>The <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=HPV-X3"><strong>HPV-X3</strong></a>, with a maximum framerate of 20 Mfps, is suitable for observation of high-speed phenomena such as cavitation.</li><li>The HPV-X3 provides 3 times higher resolution than the conventional device, enabling detailed observation.</li><li>Since the image sensor of HPV-X3 is burst-type, the HPV-X3 enables image acquisition with constant resolution, regardless of the recording speed.</li></ul><p>When laser-induced shock waves and cavitation are applied in the medical field, it isimportant to understand the actual phenomena. Here, a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gel was irradiated with a laser, and the condition of the shock wave and cavitation generated upon laser light condensation (LC) was observed. PVA gel has high biocompatibility and is known as a promising biomaterial which is suitable for tissue mimicking. In this experiment, the newlydeveloped Hyper Vision HPV-X3 high-speed video camera was used to observe bubble expansion/contraction in PVA gel. In comparison with the conventional device, the recording speed (framerate) of the HPV-X3 is 2 times faster. The new HPV-X3 also provides 3 times higher resolution, supporting more detailed observation.</p><h4><strong>Comparison of HPV-X3 and HPV-X2</strong></h4><p>Fig. 2 shows images captured by the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=HPV-X3"><strong>HPV-X3</strong></a> and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=HPV-X2"><strong>HPV-X2</strong></a>. The images show the condition of the bubble and shock wave after laser irradiation captured at 500 kfps (HP mode of HPV-X2). As can be seen in Fig. 2 (a) and (b), assuming the same device composition, the HPV-X3 can capture a wider field due to its larger sensor size. In Fig. 2 (c), the image has been partially cropped from Fig. 2 (b) to show the same field of view as the HPV-X2. It can be understood that the information in the cropped image is also clearer due to the three-fold improvement of the resolution of the HPV-X3. Thus, when a wide field of view is captured in order to check the phenomena and the image is then cropped to show only the phenomenon of interest, the HPV-X3 is the more suitable device thanks to its excellent resolution.</p><h4><strong>Conclusion&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>Hyper Vision and HPV are trademarks of Shimadzu Corporation or its affiliated companies in Japan and/or other countries. Using the new HPV-X3 high-speed video camera, the expansion/contraction of a bubble and shock wave when a laser was irradiated on PVA gel were observed. Because the resolution of the HPV-X3 is 3 times higher than that of the conventional device, resolution is adequate, and it is possible to obtain clear and distinct images, even when a wide angle of view is observed and the image is partially cropped. The HPV-X3 also has a maximum recording speed of 20 Mfps, which enabled detailed observation of the shock wave and the process of bubble collapse.</p><h3><strong>4. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Analysis of rare earth elements in clay using XRF and XRD</strong></h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/analysis_of_rare_earth_elements_an41526_en_df78e144e1.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>Rare earth elements (REEs) are 17 elements used in dozens of high-tech applications. The global demand for REEs has surged in recent years, driven by advancements in technology and the transition towards green energy solutions. REE magnets are compact, efficient, and hard to replace. Electric vehicles (EVs) and wind power are the main growth industries for these use cases.&nbsp;</p><p>Although rare earth elements are relatively abundant in the earth’s crust, they are rarely concentrated into mineable ore deposits. REEs are associated with alkaline rocks, carbonatite (bastnäsite, monazite, parisite, and synchysite), pegmatite, and placer deposits (residual deposits formed from deep weathering) and are often discovered via geochemical exploration. They may also be absorbed in clay minerals or ion adsorption clays (IACs) such as kaolinite, illite and smectite. The ores of rare earth elements are mineralogically and chemically complex and commonly radioactive. REE mining is challenging because REEs are concentrated in more than one mineral, and each mineral requires a different costly extraction technology and mineral processing.&nbsp;</p><p>For companies operating in REE exploration and mining, the accuracy of geochemical analysis is critical to assess the viability of deposits, respectively targeting REE rich areas for extraction. The Thermo Scientific™ ARL™ X’TRA Companion X-ray Diffractometer detects and quantifies mineral phases that contain REEs such as kaolinite, smectite, monazite and bastnasite. Thermo Scientific™ ARL™ PERFORM’X WDXRF Spectrometer on the other hand provides fast, accurate major/minor oxides analysis on the REE ores.</p><h4><strong>Instrument and software&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>The <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2296"><strong>ARL X’TRA Companion X-Ray Diffractometer</strong></a> (Figure 1) is a simple, easy-to-use benchtop instrument for routine phase analysis as well as more advanced applications. The ARL X’TRA Companion XRD uses a θ/θ goniometer (160 mm radius) in Bragg-Brentano geometry coupled with a 600 W X-ray source (Cu or Co). The radial and axial collimation of the beam is controlled by divergence and Soller slits, while air scattering is reduced by a variable beam knife. An integrated water chiller is available as an option. Thanks to the state-of-the art solid state pixel detector (55x55 μm pitch), the ARL X’TRA Companion XRD provides very fast data collection and comes with single-click Rietveld quantification capabilities and automated result transmission to a LIMS (Laboratory Information Management System). Both capabilities are seamlessly integrated into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2297"><strong>Thermo Scientific™ SolstiX™ Pronto Instrument Control Software</strong></a>.&nbsp;</p><p>The <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/1211"><strong>ARL PERFORM’X series spectrometer</strong></a> (Figure 2) used in this analysis was a 2500-watt system. This system is configured with 6 primary beam filters, 4 collimators, up to nine crystals, two detectors and our 5GN+ Rh X-ray tube for best performance from ultra- light to heaviest elements thanks to its 50 microns Be window. This innovative, ultralight X-ray tube fitted with a low current filament ensures an unequalled analytical stability month after month. When paired with industry-leading Thermo Scientific™ UniQuant™ Software the ARL PERFORM’X spectrometer provides the best limits of detection and accuracy in standardless analysis up to element Am.</p><h4><strong>Your benefits&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>The ARL X’TRA Companion XRD workflow delivers answers in a few minutes, quantifying the mineral phases available in the ion adsorption clay samples. Users are able to identify the type of mineral phases associated with REEs such as kaolinite, halloysite, smectite, illite. They are also able to verify the ion adsorption clay (IAC) mechanism due to absence of monazite/ xenotime peaks &amp; availability of kaolinite &amp; smectite which supports ion-adsorbed REE.&nbsp;</p><p>ARL PERFORM’X WDXRF spectrometer together with UniQuant standardless analysis software enables the users to screen through REE ores for up to 79 elements without the need for conventional calibrations. Well suited for mining ore analysis which will have varying sample matrices. UniQuant software is fully calibrated and installed from the factory. Hence the ARL PERFORM’X spectrometer is ready to perform meaningful analysis of unknown samples directly after installation at the customer’s site.</p>

News from LabRulezICPMS Library - Week 10, 2026

<p><strong>This study reports the development of a sustainable heterogeneous catalyst derived from a composite of potassium hydroxide, eggshell powder, and coffee husk char for biodiesel production from waste frying oil. Calcination at 700 °C enabled the formation of active CaO and K₂O phases while significantly lowering the temperature typically required for eggshell-based catalysts.</strong></p><p>The optimized catalyst achieved biodiesel yields up to 97.5% after process optimization. Although catalytic activity gradually decreased over multiple reuse cycles, the approach demonstrates a promising strategy for converting agricultural and food waste into valuable biofuels while reducing production costs and environmental impact.</p><blockquote><h4><strong>The original article</strong></h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10478"><strong>KOH-Promoted Catalyst Derived from Coffee Husk and Eggshell Composite for Biodiesel Production from Waste Frying Oil</strong></a></h4><p>Seid Mohammed Seid, Girma Gonfa, Sintayehu Mekuria Hailegiorgis, and Demelash Tilahun Bekele*</p><p>ACS Omega 2025, 10, 51, 63501–63514</p><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c10478">https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c10478</a></p><h6>licensed under <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><strong>CC-BY 4.0</strong></a></h6></blockquote><p><strong>Selected sections from the article follow. Formats and hyperlinks were adapted from the original.</strong></p><div><p>Energy has always been and remains fundamental to human history, driving economic advancement and representing national strength in the modern era. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(1)</a> Therefore, ensuring energy access and promoting sustainable energy are key priorities in alignment with the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(2)</a> Achieving this goal requires replacing petroleum fuels with renewable and eco-friendly alternatives like biodiesel. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(3)</a> Biodiesel is a mixture of fatty acid monoalkyl esters with varying carbon chain lengths and degrees of unsaturation. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(4)</a> Its benefits include low sulfur, a high flashpoint, efficient combustion, and biodegradability. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(5)</a> Biodiesel can be produced from domestic feedstock and mitigates greenhouse gas emissions. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(6)</a> Despite its disadvantages, such as a lower energy density than fossil fuels and the emission of nitrogen oxides during combustion, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(7)</a> the main obstacle to biodiesel’s large-scale use is its higher production cost compared to fossil diesel. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(8)</a></p><p>The economic viability of biodiesel production is significantly impacted by feedstock costs, which currently account for over 70% of the total expenditure. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(9)</a> While transesterification remains the prevalent method for converting these feedstocks, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(4)</a> the dominant industrial practice (exceeding 95%) relies on edible oils such as soybean, rapeseed, sunflower, and palm. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(10)</a> However, the utilization of these resources raises concerns regarding food security and economic feasibility, rendering this approach increasingly unsustainable. Consequently, contemporary research efforts are predominantly directed toward exploring nonedible alternatives, including nonedible vegetable oils, animal fats, and algal oils, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(11)</a> with waste frying oil (WFO) presenting a particularly advantageous option due to its low cost and status as a waste stream, thereby mitigating both feedstock expenses and environmental disposal issues. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(12)</a></p><p>While addressing the challenge of feedstock is a major step, the transformation of these nonedible oils into biodiesel faces another significant obstacle, namely the need for efficient and cost-effective catalysts. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(4)</a> A variety of catalysts were investigated for the synthesis of biodiesel, including alkali, acid, bifunctional, and enzyme catalysts. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(13)</a> The catalysts may be generally classified as homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(14)</a> The employment of homogeneous catalysts in biodiesel manufacture elevates costs due to the need for extensive product purification to meet quality standards. Furthermore, these catalysts are corrosive to reactors and cannot be recovered for reuse. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(15)</a> While researchers have also explored enzymes for biodiesel synthesis due to their efficiency and nonpolluting nature, enzymatic catalysts have been found to be inhibited by alcohol, costly, and require extended transesterification times for maximum conversion. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(16)</a> Consequently, current research increasingly focuses on heterogeneous catalysts, as they offer the advantages of high reusability and simple separation from the final reaction mixture. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(17)</a> These properties of heterogeneous catalysts contribute to lowering biodiesel production costs.</p><p>Despite the advantages of reusability and easy separation offered by heterogeneous catalysts, issues such as high cost, low stability, low activity, small pore size, and limited surface area still persist. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(17)</a> Therefore, much of the current research on heterogeneous catalyst synthesis for biodiesel production aims to address one or more of these limitations, with solutions including the selection of suitable catalyst precursors. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(18,19)</a> These precursors can include biomasses, chemicals, or a combination thereof. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(4,20)</a> While chemical precursors can yield highly active catalysts, their synthesis processes are often costly and environmentally hostile. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(21)</a> Consequently, the utilization of biomasses has become a prevalent approach in numerous catalyst synthesis investigations, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(22)</a> encompassing lignocellulosic biomasses (LBs), animal bones, teeth, and shales, and eggshells. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(4)</a> Due to their renewable origin and ability to reduce net CO<sub>2</sub> emissions in catalyst synthesis, LBs are becoming more popular as precursors. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(23)</a> Furthermore, utilizing LBs can also reduce the overall cost of the resulting catalyst. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(21)</a></p><p>Given the significantly higher reaction rates they exhibit compared to acidic and bifunctional catalysts, alkali catalysts have garnered considerable attention for transesterification reactions. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(24)</a> Researchers have successfully developed highly active alkali catalysts from various LB sources, including the ashes of passion fruit peel, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(25)</a> palm bunch, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(26)</a> <i>Musa paradisiaca</i> plant parts, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(27)</a> walnut shell, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(21)</a> orange peel, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(28)</a> and acai seed. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(29)</a> These ash catalysts, often rich in compounds like K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>, K<sub>2</sub>Ca(CO<sub>3</sub>), CaCO<sub>3</sub>, and KCl, can be obtained through LB calcination processes. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(30)</a> A crucial factor in this process is that the decomposition temperature of these compounds in a mixture differs from their individual values. For example, CaCO<sub>3</sub> decomposes at a lower temperature when mixed with K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(31)</a> and the decomposition temperature of K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> into K<sub>2</sub>O is also lowered in the presence of carbon (a product of LB decomposition). <a href="javascript:void(0);">(32)</a><sub>.</sub> By leveraging this phenomenon, highly active metal oxide-containing catalysts can be produced more efficiently and economically. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(33)</a></p><p>Although LB ashes are appropriate for this purpose due to their mixed compound content, their low ash (catalyst) yield compared to CaCO<sub>3</sub> rich biomasses like eggshells presents a challenge. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(34,35)</a> For example, the ash content of pineapple leaves was 6 and 2.6% for cupuacu seeds. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(36)</a> This is very small compared to the ash content (45.29%) of biomasses such as eggshells. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(41)</a> Thus, blending alkali-rich (primarily K) LB ash with CaCO<sub>3</sub>-rich biomasses ash presents a promising route to enhance catalyst yield. Achieving active CaO from bare eggshells requires high calcination temperatures (800–1000 °C), but a blending approach can produce active mixed oxides at more moderate temperatures. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(31,37,38)</a> This is a notable advantage, as mixed oxides often demonstrate enhanced catalytic performance compared to single-oxide catalysts. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(39)</a> Additionally, a synergy between Ca and K has been reported to enhance feedstock transesterification. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(40)</a> The activity of ash catalysts derived from this blended biomass can also be further enhanced through chemical modification. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(41)</a> Ultimately, by combining the complementary properties of K-rich LB and eggshell biomasses with chemical modification, we can potentially develop highly efficient and sustainable catalysts for biodiesel manufacturing.</p><p>The abundance of coffee husk in Ethiopia, along with the high concentration of K compounds in its ash, presents a promising opportunity for developing an alkali catalyst. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(41)</a> This research specifically focused on developing a novel, highly active heterogeneous alkali catalyst by creating a composite from coffee husk and eggshell, and then promoting it with KOH. The primary aim was to assess the overall effectiveness of this novel catalyst as a sustainable solution for producing biodiesel from readily available WFO.</p><h4><strong>Materials and Methods</strong></h4><h5><strong>Catalyst Materials and Catalysts Characterization</strong></h5><p>To guide the selection of CCMC calcination temperatures, thermal analysis (thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA)) was carried out with a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=DTG+60"><strong>Shimadzu DTG 60H</strong></a> (Japan). This analysis was conducted under a limited air environment (50 mL/min), with the temperature ramped at 10 °C/min from 25 to 1000 °C. The crystalline phases within the catalysts were identified via X-ray diffraction (XRD) using a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=XRD-7000"><strong>Shimadzu XRD-7000</strong></a> (Japan) instrument. The analysis was conducted with Cu Kα radiation (λ = 0.15406 nm) at 30 mA and 40 kV. Diffraction patterns were recorded within a 2θ value of 10° to 80° with a scan speed of 3°/min and a step size of 0.02°. Crystalline phases were identified by comparing observed peak 2θ values with literature data. The specific surface area of the catalysts was determined via the Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET) method using a surface area analyzer (Horiba Instruments, Inc. SA-9600 series, USA). Prior to the surface area examination, catalyst samples were dried at 110 °C overnight after being ground with a mortar and pestle. Furthermore, degassing of the catalysts was made at 150 °C for 3 h using the analyzer’s degassing procedure. Measurements for nitrogen adsorption isotherms were performed at a temperature of 77 K. Using data points at relative pressures of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 from the linear portion of the isotherm, the BET surface area was calculated. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(41)</a> Using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) (JCM-6000Plus, German) with an accelerating voltage of 20 kV, the surface morphology of the catalysts was visualized. A Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) (<strong>Thermo Scientific Nicolet, IiS50 ABX smartiTX</strong>) was used to identify functional groups within the catalysts and intermediate products. The instrument, which featured an attenuated total reflectance (ATR) diamond crystal and a DTGS KBr detector, collected spectra from 400 to 4000 cm<sup>–1</sup> at a resolution of 2 cm<sup>–1</sup> and with 32 scans. In line with the procedure described by Al-Hamamre et al., <a href="javascript:void(0);">(43)</a> the catalysts total basicity of the was measured via the Hammett indicator method with phenolphthalein. A suspension of 0.15 g of catalyst in 2 mL of a 0.1 mg/mL phenolphthalein/toluene solution was prepared and stirred for 30 min. The resulting mixture was then titrated using a 0.01 M solution of benzoic acid in toluene until the color turned from pink to colorless, indicating the end point.</p><h4><strong>Results and Discussion</strong></h4><h5><strong>Qualitative Analysis of the Biodiesel Using FTIR</strong></h5><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10478#fig8">Figure 8</a> presents the FTIR spectra of WFO and WFO biodiesel (BD) produced using the C-Optimal catalyst assisted transesterifiction. The presence of strong characteristic peaks observed within the 2922–2853 cm<sup>–1</sup> range are attributed to the C–H stretching of the methyl group. The BD showed a CH<sub>3</sub> asymmetric bending peak at 1433 cm<sup>–1</sup>, indicating the presence of (CO)–O–CH<sub>3</sub>. Additionally, a peak between 1180 and 1220 cm<sup>–1</sup> was observed, attributed to −O–CH<sub>3</sub> stretching within the biodiesel’s structure. Notably, both of these peaks were absent in the WFO FTIR spectrum, highlighting their formation during the transesterification process. The presence of −C–O ester groups is further supported by a peak at 1169 cm<sup>–1</sup>. The peak at 721 cm<sup>–1</sup> for both spectra corresponds to the rocking of the CH<sub>2</sub> group. These findings are consistent with previous studies on biodiesel production from waste cooking oil (WFO) using KNO<sub>3</sub>-loaded CH ash catalyst <a href="javascript:void(0);">(41)</a> and from Argemone seed oil using CaO catalysts. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(63)</a></p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ACS_Omega_2025_10_51_63501_63514_Figure_8_FTIR_of_biodiesel_and_the_WFO_cbfb97ad33.jpeg" alt="ACS Omega 2025, 10, 51, 63501–63514: Figure 8. FTIR of biodiesel and the WFO." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ACS_Omega_2025_10_51_63501_63514_Figure_8_FTIR_of_biodiesel_and_the_WFO_cbfb97ad33.jpeg 175w," sizes="100vw" width="894" height="796"></p><h5><strong>Biodiesel Analysis Using GC-MS</strong></h5><p>The GC–MS analysis performed on the biodiesel sample provided a detailed relative composition of its 14 identified fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) constituents (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10478#tbl7">Table 7</a> and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10478#fig9">Figure 9</a>). This was achieved through the normalization of chromatographic peak areas, where the area of each identified FAME peak was calculated as a percentage of the total area of all detected FAME peaks. It is crucial to highlight that, due to the methodological limitations of the GC–MS system (specifically the oven’s maximum programmed temperature of 240 °C and the MS scan range limited to 550 <i>m/z</i>), this analysis does not include unconverted components such as triglycerides, diglycerides, and the full spectrum of monoglycerides. Consequently, the calculated total FAME content of 100.0% represents the sum of the identified FAMEs relative only to each other, and not the overall purity of the biodiesel in terms of residual acylglycerols or other impurities.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ACS_Omega_2025_10_51_63501_63514_Table_7_Fatty_Acid_Methyl_Ester_FAME_Composition_of_the_Biodiesel_Sample_8cf079d910.jpg" alt="ACS Omega 2025, 10, 51, 63501–63514: Table 7. Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) Composition of the Biodiesel Sample" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ACS_Omega_2025_10_51_63501_63514_Table_7_Fatty_Acid_Methyl_Ester_FAME_Composition_of_the_Biodiesel_Sample_8cf079d910.jpg 201w," sizes="100vw" width="1054" height="817"></p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ACS_Omega_2025_10_51_63501_63514_Figure_9_GC_MS_chromatograph_of_WFO_biodiesel_a0d26312d3.jpeg" alt="ACS Omega 2025, 10, 51, 63501–63514: Figure 9. GC–MS chromatograph of WFO biodiesel." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ACS_Omega_2025_10_51_63501_63514_Figure_9_GC_MS_chromatograph_of_WFO_biodiesel_a0d26312d3.jpeg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1417" height="714"></p><p>Focusing on the main components, the biodiesel sample is primarily characterized by 13-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester (C18:1 isomers), comprising 48.49% of the total FAMEs, and Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (C16:0), at 38.41%. Methyl stearate (C18:0) further contributes 7.57% to this composition. This dominant profile, rich in both monounsaturated and saturated FAMEs, suggests a beneficial balance of fuel properties. The high proportion of C18:1 typically aids in achieving desirable cold flow characteristics, while the substantial presence of C16:0 and C18:0 enhances the biodiesel’s oxidative stability, which is vital for fuel storage and long-term performance. The minor presence of polyunsaturated FAMEs (e.g., C18:2 isomers at combined approximately 0.70% and C18:3 at 0.22%) further contributes positively to the oxidative stability profile.</p><h4><strong>Conclusions</strong></h4><p>This study successfully developed and characterized a highly active heterogeneous alkali catalyst derived from KOH-promoted coffee husk and eggshell composites for biodiesel production from waste frying oil. The comprehensive characterization elucidated the optimal catalyst synthesis conditions. It was found that a calcination temperature of 700 °C effectively promotes the formation of key active phases like CaO and K<sub>2</sub>O, while also enhancing the catalyst’s basicity, which is crucial for catalytic activity. The research achieved an optimum biodiesel yield of 97.5 ± 0.52%. However, the catalyst’s reusability was significantly limited, with biodiesel yield dropping from 71 to 52% by the second round. This necessitates further research into more robust catalyst designs or efficient regeneration for practical application. The research underscores the synergistic effect of K and Ca components from the coffee husk and eggshell, further boosted by KOH promotion, offering a promising solution for converting low-cost waste frying oil into biodiesel through a single-step transesterification process.</p></div>

KOH-Promoted Catalyst Derived from Coffee Husk and Eggshell Composite for Biodiesel Production from Waste Frying Oil

<p><strong>This study investigates the relationship between fruit development and seed quality in the “Hua Rue” hot chili cultivar. Seeds harvested at 35, 45, and 50 days after flowering were evaluated for physical traits, germination performance, tissue-specific chemical composition using FTIR microspectroscopy, and biochemical activity during imbibition.</strong></p><p>Seeds collected at 50 days after flowering showed the highest weight, germination rate, and germination speed, accompanied by increased endosperm-associated chemical accumulation and enhanced metabolic activity. FTIR analysis clearly distinguished developmental stages based on tissue-specific chemical signatures, identifying 50 DAF as the optimal harvest stage for producing high-quality chili seeds with stable storage viability.</p><blockquote><h4><strong>The original article</strong></h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c05947"><strong>Chemical Composition and Biochemical Changes during Fruit Development on Seed Quality in Hot Chili (Capsicum annuum L.)</strong></a></h4><p>Wissanee Pola*, Songsin Photchanachai, and Papungkorn Sangsawad</p><p>ACS Omega 2026, 11, 1, 562–571</p><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c05947">https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c05947</a></p><h6>licensed under <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><strong>CC-BY 4.0</strong></a></h6></blockquote><p><strong>Selected sections from the article follow. Formats and hyperlinks were adapted from the original.</strong></p><div><p>Hot chili (<i>Capsicum annuum</i> L.), specifically the “Hua Rue” cultivar, is popular in the northeast region of Thailand due to its distinctive pungency and high yield. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(1)</a> Thailand ranks among the top five chili producers in Asia and is a leading exporter worldwide, with an export volume of approximately 60,000 kg and a value of 805 million baht. It is evident that chili seeds play a significant role in the country’s agricultural economy. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(2)</a> Seed production is a critical process that ensures the availability of high-quality seeds for sustainable crop production. Generally, in the large-scale production of this chili cultivar, mature fruits are harvested manually at the fully red-ripe stage, and the seeds are extracted from sun-dried fruits. However, the seed quality tends to decline rapidly during storage, particularly after six months. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(2)</a></p><p>Typically, harvesting chili fruits at the onset of ripening is necessary for producing high-quality seeds. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(3)</a> Seeds achieve physiological maturity (PM) when they attain maximum dry weight and vigor, which vary with the variety. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(4)</a> In <i>Capsicum</i> species, high seed quality was achieved in fruits harvested at 50–60 days after flowering (DAF). <a href="javascript:void(0);">(5)</a> Research on sweet pepper and hot chili varieties suggested that seeds extracted at 60 DAF provided the highest germination and vigor. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(6)</a> Furthermore, enzymatic hydrolysis of storage macromolecules, particularly starch breakdown by α-amylase, is crucial for seed germination. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(7)</a> This enzyme hydrolyzes starch in the cotyledon and endosperm into simple sugar units that are then synthesized into sucrose for transport to the embryonic axis. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(8)</a></p><p>Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (FTIR) is a technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of solids, liquids, and gases. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(9)</a> An FTIR spectrometer collects high-resolution spectral data over a wide spectral range simultaneously, providing a significant advantage over a dispersive spectrometer, which measures the intensity over a narrow range of wavelengths at a time. This instrument is effective for identifying biochemical compositions in living cells and tissues. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(10)</a> FTIR spectra typically reveal absorption bands corresponding to lipids (3000–2800 cm<sup>–1</sup>), proteins (1700–1480 cm<sup>–1</sup>), carbohydrates, and nucleic acids (1450–600 cm<sup>–1</sup>). <a href="javascript:void(0);">(11)</a> The measurement of chemical compositions in chili seeds using FTIR, particularly concerning the physiological maturity (PM) stage of the “Hua Rue” variety, has not been documented in recent years. The measurement of chemical compositions in chili seeds using FTIR, particularly in relation to the physiological maturity (PM) stage of the “Hua Rue” variety, has not been reported in recent years. Previous studies have mainly evaluated seed quality based on whole-seed analyses and standard germination tests. In contrast, this study provides the first detailed characterization of chemical composition profiles of individual seed organs in the “Hua Rue” variety. For this purpose, fruits were harvested at different developmental stages to investigate biochemical changes during ripening. Although the general postharvest handling and storage methods used in this study (manual extraction, shade drying, and sealed storage) slightly differ from the traditional practices employed by local seed producers, they were designed to ensure consistent sample quality for analysis. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the biochemical and chemical composition profiles of seed organs (embryonic axis, endosperm, and seed coat) as extracted from “Hua Rue” chili at various fruit developmental stages and to explore their potential relationship with seed vigor and storability.</p><h4><strong>2. Materials and Methods</strong></h4><h5><strong>2.3. Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) Microspectroscopy of Seed Tissues</strong></h5><p>Seeds were collected from chili pods at three fruit developmental stages: 35, 45, and 50 DAF. Immediately after extraction, ten seeds per stage were embedded in optimal cutting temperature (OCT) compound (Tissue-Tek O.C.T. Compound, USA) and snap-frozen to preserve biochemical integrity. The embedded seeds were sectioned at −20 °C into cross sections of 8 ± 1 μm using a Leica CM1950 microtome cryostat (Cambridge Scientific). Sections were mounted on calcium fluoride (CaF<sub>2</sub>) infrared-transparent windows to facilitate FTIR analysis. Chemical imaging was performed using a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=10&amp;search=HYPERION"><strong>HYPERION 3000 FTIR microscope </strong></a>(Bruker Optik GmbH) equipped with a focal plane array (FPA) detector, operating in the spectral range of 4000–600 cm<sup>–1</sup>, with 64 scans per spectrum. Spectral acquisition and preliminary processing were carried out by using <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=10&amp;search=OPUS+software"><strong>OPUS 7.5 software</strong></a> (Bruker Optics, Ettlingen, Germany). The spectra were subsequently exported to Unscrambler X 10.5 for multivariate analysis, including the Savitzky–Golay second-derivative transformation, extended multiplicative signal correction (EMSC) normalization, and principal component analysis (PCA). The FTIR microspectroscopy was used to observe spectral pattern differences among tissues and maturation stages. Anatomical regions analyzed included the seed coat, endosperm, and embryonic axis.</p><h4><strong>3. Results and Discussion</strong></h4><h5><strong>3.1. Effect of Fruit Development on Seed Anatomy and 1000-Seed Weight</strong></h5><p>Visual observations of the ″Hua Rue” chili fruits showed mature green, breaker, and mature red colors at 35, 45, and 50 DAF, respectively (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c05947#fig1">Figure 1</a>A). This closely aligns with the ripening stages of the red pepper “Zunla-1” cultivar, as reported by Song et al. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(17)</a> where the ripening stages were divided into mature green (30 DAF), breaker (35 DAF), first immature red (38 DAF), second immature red (43 DAF), and mature red (MR, approximately 50 DAF).</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ACS_Omega_2026_11_1_562_571_Figure_1_Appearance_of_Hua_Rue_chili_fruits_and_the_interior_seed_structure_including_seed_coat_endosperm_and_embryonic_axis_cd5e87f491.jpeg" alt="ACS Omega 2026, 11, 1, 562–571: Figure 1. Appearance of “Hua Rue” chili fruits and the interior seed structure, including seed coat, endosperm, and embryonic axis (A), and the 1000-seed weight (B) as extracted from the harvested fruits at 35, 45, and 50 days after flowering (DAF). Values are means ± SD (n = 4). Different letters (a, b) denote significant differences among treatments according to Tukey’s HSD Test (P &lt; 0.05)." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ACS_Omega_2026_11_1_562_571_Figure_1_Appearance_of_Hua_Rue_chili_fruits_and_the_interior_seed_structure_including_seed_coat_endosperm_and_embryonic_axis_cd5e87f491.jpeg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1000" height="518"></p><p>After the seeds were extracted from each fruit development stage, the interior structure of the seeds, including the endosperm and embryonic axis (cotyledons and radicle), was found to be fully developed at 45 and 50 DAF. In contrast, seeds from 35 DAF exhibited shorter cotyledons, indicating incomplete development (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c05947#fig1">Figure 1</a>A). This interior structure of chili seeds can determine seed physical integrity and predict seedling emergence. A previous study on bell pepper found that the structural integrity of seeds, as assessed by X-ray analysis, was linked to germination performance. It was discovered that a decrease in the internal area occupied by the embryo and endosperm was directly related to the incidence of abnormal seedlings and nongerminated seeds. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(18)</a> Nevertheless, the most crucial structure of the seed is the embryonic axis, which develops into the seedling. Therefore, a fully developed embryonic axis is essential for seed production.</p><p>Generally, harvesting seeds at the physiological maturity (PM) stage, which indicates the highest seed vigor and viability, is essential for cultivation. The major indicators of the PM stage are maximum seed dry weight, high seed vigor, and germination percentage. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(6)</a> In this study, the 1000-seed weight of “Hua Rue” chili ranged from 3563 to 4983 mg (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c05947#fig1">Figure 1</a>B). A significant difference in seed weight was observed between the fruit developmental stages. The lowest value was found in seeds extracted from fruit harvested at 35 DAF. Meanwhile, seeds obtained from fruit harvested at 45 and 50 DAF showed a gradual increase in weight. This indicates that early harvested chili fruit, whose seeds have reached the PM stage, should be at 45–50 DAF. Similarly, Yisa et al. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(19)</a> studied the influence of fruits at different stages (12–48 DAF) on seed quality. Their results revealed a continual increase in dry seed weight throughout the maturation process, particularly in seeds extracted from fruits harvested at 48 DAF. Similarly, Pagamas and Nawata <a href="javascript:void(0);">(20)</a> reported increasing dry seed weight in chili pepper cultivars “Huay Si Thon” and “Shishito” from 35 to 45 DAF that remained until 60 DAF. Hence, they recommended that the optimal harvest maturity period for “Huay Si Thon” and “Shishito” was at 45 DAF and 55 DAF, respectively. This suggests that harvesting during this period could yield good seed quality based on seed weight parameters, which may indicate the accumulation of nutrients in the seeds.</p><h5><strong>3.2. Effect of Fruit Development on Chemical Composition Profiles of Seeds Analyzed by FTIR Microspectroscopy</strong></h5><p>Hyperspectral images of the interior organs (embryonic axis, endosperm, and seed coat) extracted from different stages of fruit development in “Hua Rue” chili are shown in <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c05947#fig2">Figure 2</a>. The color-coded regions represent variations in intensity, possibly indicating differences in chemical composition, thermal properties, or structural variations in various seed tissues. The 35 DAF seed exhibited a higher abundance of chemicals in the endosperm region, as indicated by the red color in the tissue, while it showed a lower composition in the seed coat and embryonic axis (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c05947#fig2">Figure 2</a>A). The seeds from 45 and 50 DAF contained the highest concentrations of chemicals in the endosperm, followed by the embryonic axis and seed coat (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c05947#fig2">Figure 2</a>B,C). These results indicate that the chemical compositions in each region of the seed vary, depending on the stages of seed development. In a previous study, a Raman hyperspectral imaging system was applied for online quality control of maize seeds based on the rapid and visual detection of chemical compositions. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(21)</a></p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ACS_Omega_2026_11_1_562_571_Figure_2_Hyperspectral_imaging_of_chili_seed_tissues_at_different_fruit_developmental_stages_f9a7b4a922.jpeg" alt="ACS Omega 2026, 11, 1, 562–571: Figure 2. Hyperspectral imaging of chili seed tissues at different fruit developmental stages: 35 days after flowering (DAF, A), 45 DAF (B), and 50 DAF (C). Seed coat, endosperm, and embryonic axis regions are indicated. The overlaid false-color maps represent the relative chemical abundance detected by hyperspectral analysis, with a color scale from −200 (blue, lowest intensity) to 1000 (white-pink, highest intensity)." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ACS_Omega_2026_11_1_562_571_Figure_2_Hyperspectral_imaging_of_chili_seed_tissues_at_different_fruit_developmental_stages_f9a7b4a922.jpeg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="2088" height="593"></p><p>The FTIR spectrum was recently applied to identify the intensity of biochemical compositions in various materials. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(22)</a> In the FTIR absorption spectrum, three major biochemical composition regions of interest have been identified according to prior studies. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(23)</a> The absorption bands of 3000–2800 cm<sup>–1</sup> represent lipid regions, the bands of 1800–1400 cm<sup>–1</sup> exhibit protein regions (amide I and amide II), and the spectra absorption bands of 1300–1000 cm<sup>–1</sup> reveal carbohydrates, phospholipids, and nucleic acids. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(24,10)</a> In this study, distinctive spectral patterns were observed among the embryonic axis, endosperm, and seed coat (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c05947#fig3">Figure 3</a>A–C). Additionally, significant differences in absorption intensities were found among seeds extracted from fruit at 35, 45, and 50 DAF (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c05947#fig3">Figure 3</a>D–F).</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ACS_Omega_2026_11_1_562_571_Figure_3_FTIR_analysis_of_chili_seed_tissues_harvested_at_different_developmental_stages_62c5db783d.jpeg" alt="ACS Omega 2026, 11, 1, 562–571: Figure 3. FTIR analysis of chili seed tissues harvested at different developmental stages. (A–C) Mean absorption spectra of the seed coat (A), endosperm (B), and embryonic axis (C) obtained from seeds at 35, 45, and 50 days after flowering (DAF). Major absorption peaks are indicated: 2927–2850 cm–1 (C–H stretching of lipids), 1745–1660 cm–1 (amide I of proteins), 1543–1380 cm–1 (amide II of proteins), and 1234–1090 cm–1 (C–O stretching of carbohydrates/polysaccharides). (D–F) Quantitative comparisons of relative absorbance intensities at these peaks for the seed coat (D), endosperm (E), and embryonic axis (F). Bars represent the mean ± standard deviation (SD). Different letters (a–c) above bars indicate statistically significant differences among fruit developmental stages according to Tukey’s HSD test (P &lt; 0.05)." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ACS_Omega_2026_11_1_562_571_Figure_3_FTIR_analysis_of_chili_seed_tissues_harvested_at_different_developmental_stages_62c5db783d.jpeg 237w," sizes="100vw" width="2088" height="1372"></p></div>

Chemical Composition and Biochemical Changes during Fruit Development on Seed Quality in Hot Chili (Capsicum annuum L.)

<p><strong>In the week from March 9, the following webinars await you in the field of atomic and molecular spectroscopy and spectrometry</strong></p><blockquote><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinars"><strong>👉 DETAILS AND REGISTRATION IN THE WEBINARS SECTION</strong></a></h4><p><strong>👉 Search and filter in the largest global database</strong> with over <strong>5 500 GC, LC, MS and spectroscopy webinars</strong>.</p></blockquote><h5><strong>1. SelectScience: Supercharge LNP EE% and Size Characterization on Stunner AF</strong></h5><ul><li>Tu, 10.3.2026 17:00 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/5988">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Discover a surfactant-free, single-instrument workflow to measure LNP size, payload, and encapsulation efficiency for RNA and pDNA in one assay using the Stunner AF platform.</p><h5><strong>2. Separation Science: Raman Spectroscopy for Li-ion Battery Material Diagnostics</strong></h5><ul><li>We, 11.3.2026 15:00 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/5952">Registration</a></li></ul><p>This presentation explores Raman spectroscopy as a non-destructive, high-resolution diagnostic tool for characterizing electrode materials in lithium-ion batteries.</p><h5><strong>3. C&amp;EN: Explode into AI-Driven Automation with Stuntman</strong></h5><ul><li>We, 11.3.2026 16:00 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/5989">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Discover how Stuntman embeds native AI into laboratory automation, translating scientific intent into executable experiments with automated design, execution, and data-driven iteration.</p><h5><strong>4. Anton Paar: Unlock Nanoparticle Analysis – Advanced DLS and Zeta Potential Solutions</strong></h5><ul><li>We, 11.3.2026 17:00 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/5990">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Learn how the Litesizer DLS series enables precise particle size, zeta potential, and molecular mass measurements in a single platform for nanoparticle characterization.</p><h5><strong>5. Bruker: From Crude to Petrochemical Product – Enhancing Quality Control with Smarter XRF Solutions</strong></h5><ul><li>We, 11.3.2026 17:00 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/5847">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Discover how XRF spectrometry enables rapid, standards-compliant elemental analysis for petrochemical processing and quality control.</p><h5><strong>6. Anton Paar: Polymer Rheology – Testing Behavior Across Time and Temperature</strong></h5><ul><li>We, 11.3.2026 17:00 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/5799">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Learn how oscillatory rheology reveals polymer melt behavior beyond viscosity using techniques such as LVER analysis and frequency sweeps.</p><h5><strong>7. Metrohm: Full-Spectrum Raman for Research, Development, and Process Understanding</strong></h5><ul><li>We, 11.3.2026 19:00 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/5966">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Discover how Metrohm i-Raman NxG and Duo provide molecular insight for APIs, polymers, and reaction monitoring with full-spectrum Raman coverage.</p><h5><strong>8. Agilent Technologies: Automation at the Next Level – Never Lose Track of Your Sample</strong></h5><ul><li>Th, 12.3.2026 06:30 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/5965">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Learn how a fully digital laboratory environment can manage the entire sample lifecycle—from registration through chromatography workflows to reporting and secure archiving.</p><h5><strong>9. C&amp;EN: Microplastic Analysis in Water Using Vibrational Spectroscopy – Navigating ISO/FDIS 16094-2 Standards</strong></h5><ul><li>Th, 12.3.2026 11:00 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/5940">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Discover best practices for implementing ISO/FDIS 16094-2 for microplastics analysis using vibrational spectroscopy, including validation and quality control strategies.</p>

Webinars LabRulezICPMS Week 11/2026

<p><strong>Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezICPMS Library in the week of 9th March 2026? Check out new documents from the field of spectroscopy/spectrometry and related techniques!</strong></p><blockquote><p><span style="font-size:20px;">👉 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library"><span style="font-size:20px;"><strong>SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT SPECTROSCOPY/SPECTROMETRY RELATED TECHNIQUES</strong></span></a></p></blockquote><blockquote><p><strong>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques?</strong> Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library"><strong>LabRulezLCMS</strong></a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library"><strong>LabRulezGCMS</strong></a> libraries.</p></blockquote><p>This week we bring you application notes by <strong>Agilent Technologies</strong>, <strong>Metrohm,</strong> <strong>Shimadzu </strong>and<strong> Thermo Fisher Scientific!</strong></p><h3><strong>1. Agilent Technologies: Spectral Transmission Measurements of Pharmaceutical Packaging</strong></h3><p><strong>Using the </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=Cary+60+UV%E2%80%91Vis"><strong>Agilent Cary 60 UV‑Vis</strong></a><strong> Diffuse Reflectance Accessory following EP &lt;3.2.1&gt;, USP &lt;660&gt;, and USP &lt;661.2&gt;</strong></p><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_pharmaceutical_packaging_transmission_cary_60_uv_vis_dra_5994_8889en_agilent_2c933e5576.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>Pharmaceutical containers play a significant role in maintaining final drug stability, integrity, and safety, from manufacturing to distribution to the end user. The ability of the packaging system to protect the drug from external agents is critical for quality assurance. Therefore, all pharmaceutical packaging systems must conform to stringent standards.&nbsp;</p><p>Plastic and glass are commonly used materials for packaging, and they are typically transparent or opaque. Transparency to ultraviolet (UV) light can pose a risk to light‑sensitive pharmaceuticals, as exposure can initiate adverse—and sometimes harmful—photochemical reactions that can significantly affect drug quality and reduce shelf-life.<sup>1</sup>&nbsp;</p><p>The EP and USP define well-established standards, designed to measure physiochemical and functional properties of packaging components intended to contain a drug product (pharmaceutical containers), to meet regulatory requirements. The EP Chapter &lt;3.2.1&gt; Glass Containers for Pharmaceutical Use includes a functionality test method to demonstrate adequate light resistance of colored glass containers through spectral transmission measurement. An included acceptance criterion specifies the allowed maximum amount of light transmitted by the tested material, defined by the drug product dosage administration form. For example, for glass containers that package oral drug products, the acceptance criterion defines that the observed spectral transmission should not exceed 10% at any wavelength in the range of 290 to 450 nm (&lt; 10%T).<sup>2</sup> The identical test and criterion are found in USP Chapter &lt;660&gt; Containers – Glass.<sup>3</sup> In addition, the USP Chapter &lt;661.2&gt; Plastic Packaging Systems for Pharmaceutical Use also includes the analogous functionality test method and acceptance criterion for plastic pharmaceutical packaging.<sup>4&nbsp;</sup></p><p>The <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=Cary+60+UV%E2%80%91Vis"><strong>Cary 60 UV-Vis spectrophotometer</strong></a>, equipped with the Cary 60 UV-Vis DRA, was chosen for measurement due to its extended ability to reliably measure precise transmission of scattering materials (Figure 1). The Cary 60 UV-Vis is a versatile spectrophotometer; however, measuring materials like plastics and glass, which are textured, translucent, or opaque in a manner that scatters light can result in challenges in satisfactorily measuring light transmittance with standard techniques. In a standard spectrophotometer, scattering materials tend to diffuse transmitted light, deviating an unquantifiable amount of light from the direct optical path of the detector. The detector may not collect all the scattered (lost) light, resulting in inaccurate measurements and results.&nbsp;</p><p>For this reason, the Cary 60 UV-Vis was equipped with an internal DRA, which uses a 50 mm integrating PTFE-coated sphere that easily sits inside the spectrophotometer's sample compartment. For these applications, using a DRA can optimize light collection. The sphere's design captures all scattered light uniformly, overcoming scattering losses for accurate measurement of transmitted light. In applications where total transmission is crucial for quality assurance, the DRA is an essential tool for accurate measurements.</p><h4><strong>Conclusion&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>In this application note, an Agilent Cary 60 UV-Vis spectrophotometer, fitted with an Agilent Cary 60 UV‑Vis DRA, was used to reliably and quickly determine the spectral transmission of packaging systems used for pharmaceuticals, following the EP &lt;3.2.1&gt;, USP &lt;660&gt;, and USP &lt;661.2&gt; test methods for functionality of light-resistant packaging systems. The integrating sphere enabled the instrument to accurately measure total transmittance of plastic and glass (scattering) materials.&nbsp;</p><p>All containers presented less than the defined maximum %T specification, demonstrating light-resistance functionality for containing light-sensitive drug products for oral administration. This method illustrates the importance of accurate testing for quality assurance of pharmaceutical packaging. The Agilent Cary 60 UV-Vis spectrophotometer, paired with Cary WinUV Pharma software, delivers secure data management and compliance for regulated pharmaceutical labs.</p><h3><strong>2. Metrohm: Multiparameter hops analysis by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)</strong></h3><p><strong>Rapid determination of alpha acids, beta acids, cohumulone content, total oil content, HSI, and moisture</strong></p><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_nir_130_download_6177b89ee1.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>The quality of hops and hop pellets is vital across the entire brewing supply chain. Traditional methods used for quality control (e.g., titration and HPLC) are highly accurate and widely accepted. They are also time consuming, labor intensive, and dependent on chemical reagents which not only incur ongoing material costs but also require careful handling and proper disposal. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) offers a compelling alternative when ultra-high precision is not necessary. It enables the rapid analysis of multiple parameters within a minute without using any chemicals. This Application Note outlines the measurement setup and the results of cohumulone, hop oils, and moisture content, the hop storage index (HSI), and hops acids analysis with NIRS.</p><h4><strong>EXPERIMENTAL EQUIPMENT&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>More than 500 fresh hop samples and ground hop pellets were analyzed on an <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=220&amp;search=omnis+nir"><strong>OMNIS NIR Analyzer Solid</strong></a> (Figure 1). The samples were added to an OMNIS sample cup and analyzed in diffuse reflection mode. To include sample variety, the sample rotated during measurement to collect spectra from different locations. The automatically averaged spectra were used for model development. Spectra acquisition, model development, and validation were carried out with the OMNIS Software.&nbsp;</p><p>Reference values for alpha acids were obtained using various official methods, including EBC 7.4, EBC 7.5, and EBC 7.7. Total oils and beta acid content were determined using EBC 7.4, while EBC 7.7 was employed for cohumulone analysis. Moisture content and the hop storage index (HSI) were measured using a halogen moisture analyzer and a UV-VIS photometer, respectively.</p><h4><strong>CONCLUSION</strong></h4><p>This Application Note demonstrates the feasibility of using NIR spectroscopy for the analysis of freshly harvested hops and ground hop pellets to determine cohumulone, moisture, and total oil content, HSI, and alpha and beta acids. Using alpha acids as an example, the difference between a prediction model covering the full concentration range and a model specific to a narrower range was highlighted. The latter reduced the prediction error by a factor of two.&nbsp;</p><p>Users can apply this approach to maximize accuracy. In the OMNIS Software, both models can be combined to automatically perform the following sequence. First, the alpha acid concentration is estimated using the broad-range model; then, a more precise prediction is made using the restricted-range model.</p><h3><strong>3. Shimadzu: Observation of Acrylic Block Fracture during Impact Compression Using the Hopkinson Bar Method</strong></h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_01_01146_en_dc42e77a9c.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><h4><strong>User Benefits</strong></h4><ul><li>The HPV -X3 offers three times the resolution of conventional models, enabling observation of specimen fracture at much higher resolution.</li><li>With a maximum frame rate of 20 Mfps, the HPV-X3 is well-suited for observing high-speed phenomena such as an impact test</li></ul><p>Understanding materials properties is critical to product design. In particular, for applications such as transportation equipment, where materials may be subjected to impact loads, it is essential to evaluate not only static properties but also impact properties. When subjected to impact, materials may exhibit stress and strain characteristics different from those under static loading, making it essential to quantify these characteristics through impact testing.&nbsp;</p><p>The Hopkinson bar method is a well-established technique for impact compression testing. Proposed by B. Hopkinson, this method enables detailed analysis of a material’s impact response and evaluation of its fracture properties by subjecting the specimen to a sudden force using a bar-launching device. This paper presents an example of an impact compression test on an acrylic specimen with a central circular hole, recorded with an HPV-X3 high-speed video camera (Fig. 2) using the Hopkinson bar method.</p><h4><strong>Imaging System&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>The imaging devices are listed in Table 1, and the imaging conditions are listed in Table 2. As shown in Fig. 4(b), laser illumination was directed from the rear of the specimen toward the lens, and imaging was performed with the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=HPV-X3"><strong>HPV-X3</strong></a> using a close-up ring, bellows, and macro lens. This setup enabled observation of the fracture process in the acrylic block. Two types of imaging were conducted: observation of crack propagation immediately after loading, and observation of subsequent fracture.</p><h4><strong>Conclusion&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>The impact compression test of an acrylic specimen using the Hopkinson bar method was observed using the HPV-X3 highspeed video camera. Inside the compressed specimen, the propagation of a wavefront believed to be a stress wave was first observed. Subsequently, cracks propagated from the central circular hole toward the left and right surfaces, and finally, diagonal cracks formed, leading to complete fracture. The progress of this series of fracture processes was clearly captured.&nbsp;</p><p>The HPV-X3 has three times the resolution of the previous <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=HPV-X2"><strong>HPVX2 model</strong></a>, enabling more detailed observation of specimens during impact tests, including the Hopkinson bar method. Furthermore, because fracture phenomena during impact testing occur at high speeds, the HPV-X3, which can record images at up to 20 Mfps, is ideal for capturing them.</p><h3><strong>4. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Analysis of silica in air filters using ARL X’TRA Companion X-ray Diffractometer</strong></h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/analysis_of_silica_in_air_an41521_a3b8eb33d5.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>The analysis of silica in air filters is a critical aspect of occupational health and safety, aimed at protecting workers from the harmful effects of inhaling crystalline silica particles, which can lead to diseases such as silicosis and lung cancer. The NIOSH 7500 method (NIOSH, 2003) provides a detailed and standardized procedure for the determination of crystalline silica in air samples using X-ray diffraction (XRD). This method involves the collection of air samples on filters, which are then analyzed to identify and quantify the crystalline silica phases, including quartz, cristobalite, and tridymite.&nbsp;</p><p>XRD is chosen for its high specificity and sensitivity in distinguishing different crystalline forms of silica, making it a reliable analytical technique. The method outlined in NIOSH 7500 requires meticulous sample preparation, including the proper collection and handling of air filters, calibration with known standards, and strict adherence to analytical parameters to ensure accurate and reproducible results. Following the NIOSH 7500 norm and equivalent standards helps ensure the reliable monitoring of workplace air quality, thereby safeguarding workers’ health. The use of XRD in analyzing silica in air filters is an essential component of industrial hygiene and environmental monitoring programs, facilitating the detection and control of hazardous silica exposure in occupational settings.</p><h4><strong>Instrument and software&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>The <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2296"><strong>Thermo Scientific™ ARL™ X’TRA Companion X-ray Diffractometer</strong></a> (c.f. Figure 1) is a simple, easy-to-use benchtop XRD instrument for routine phase analysis as well as more advanced applications. The ARL X’TRA Companion XRD uses a θ/θ goniometer (160 mm radius) in Bragg-Brentano geometry coupled with a 600 W X-ray source (Cu or Co). The radial and axial collimation of the beam is controlled by divergence and Soller slits, while air scattering is reduced by a variable beam knife. An integrated water chiller is available on demand. Thanks to the innovative solid state pixel detector (55 x 55 μm pitch), the ARL X’TRA Companion XRD provides very fast data collection and comes with one-click Rietveld quantification capabilities and automated result transmission to a LIMS (laboratory information management system).</p><h4><strong>Your benefits&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>The ARL X’TRA Companion XRD provides data perfectly suited to quantify respirable quartz in air filters. Utilizing a calibration curve in a one-click refinement delivers results within minutes, ensuring ease-of-use for operators and reducing training requirements. XRD analysis of air filter samples complies with the NIOSH 7500 standard.</p>

News from LabRulezICPMS Library - Week 11, 2026

<p><strong>In the week from March 16, the following webinars await you in the field of atomic and molecular spectroscopy and spectrometry</strong></p><blockquote><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinars"><strong>👉 DETAILS AND REGISTRATION IN THE WEBINARS SECTION</strong></a></h4><p><strong>👉 Search and filter in the largest global database</strong> with over <strong>5 500 GC, LC, MS and spectroscopy webinars</strong>.</p></blockquote><h5><strong>1. C&amp;EN: Advances in Cryogenic NMR Probes for Modern Labs</strong></h5><ul><li>Tu, 17.3.2026 16:00 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/5967">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Discover JEOL’s SuperCOOL MARVEL cryogenic probe delivering exceptional NMR sensitivity, balanced multi-nuclei performance, and energy-efficient operation for routine and advanced workflows.</p><h5><strong>2. Bruker: Acquifer HIVE – The Next Generation of Big Data Management for Microscopy</strong></h5><ul><li>Tu, 17.3.2026 17:00 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/5970">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Explore how Bruker Acquifer HIVE streamlines large microscopy image data management with centralized storage, parallel processing, and secure, scalable performance.</p><h5><strong>3. Milestone: Reliable Digestion of Platinum Group Metals – A New Benchmark with ultraWAVE 3</strong></h5><ul><li>Th, 19.3.2026 16:00 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6012">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Learn how Milestone’s ultraWAVE 3 enables complete digestion of refractory platinum group metals such as iridium, ruthenium, and rhodium to improve accuracy and productivity in PGM refining and recycling.</p><h5><strong>4. Bruker: Cutting Edge Imaging – Harnessing Diamond Probes for Advanced AFM Performance</strong></h5><ul><li>Th, 19.3.2026 16:00 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/5994">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Discover how diamond AFM probes enhance precision, durability, and electrical imaging capabilities to increase throughput and probe lifetime in nanoscale and semiconductor applications.</p>

Webinars LabRulezICPMS Week 12/2026

First Results for the Elemental Composition of Copaiba Oil Resin (Copaı́fera Spp.) from Flona Carajás By ICP–OES

<p><strong>Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezICPMS Library in the week of 16th March 2026? Check out new documents from the field of spectroscopy/spectrometry and related techniques!</strong></p><blockquote><p><span style="font-size:20px;">👉 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library"><span style="font-size:20px;"><strong>SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT SPECTROSCOPY/SPECTROMETRY RELATED TECHNIQUES</strong></span></a></p></blockquote><blockquote><p><strong>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques?</strong> Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library"><strong>LabRulezLCMS</strong></a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library"><strong>LabRulezGCMS</strong></a> libraries.</p></blockquote><p>This week we bring you application notes by <strong>Metrohm,</strong> <strong>Shimadzu, Thermo Fisher Scientific </strong>and <strong>Waters Corporation!</strong></p><h3><strong>1. Metrohm: Soil analysis with NIR spectroscopy</strong></h3><p><strong>Multiparameter determination of soil in a few seconds</strong></p><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_nir_133_download_31cf2564fd.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>Soil is a complex matrix made of organic and inorganic mineral matter, water, and air. The organic material ranges from decomposed and stable humus to fresh particulate residues from different sources [1]. Texture affects soil behavior (e.g., water holding capacity, nutrient retention and supply, drainage, and nutrient leaching [2]) and depends on the proportion by weight of the sand, silt, and clay it contains. Cationexchange capacity (CEC), a measure of the ability to hold positively charged ions, influences soil structure stability, nutrient availability, pH, and its reaction to fertilizers and other ameliorants. The main ions associated with CEC in soils are Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ , and K + [3]. Soil pH directly influences the availability of nutrients to plants, microbial activity, and overall soil health, affecting plant growth, crop yields, and the sustainability of agricultural practices. This study describes how organic matter content, pH value, silt, clay and sand content, exchangeable calcium and magnesium, and limestone content were measured in soil in seconds by using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS).</p><h4><strong>EXPERIMENTAL EQUIPMENT</strong></h4><p>Air-dried samples of soil [4] were measured on a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=220&amp;search=omnis+nir"><strong>Metrohm NIR Analyzer</strong></a>. All measurements were performed in reflection mode (1000–2250 nm) using the large cup accessory. The samples were measured in rotation to collect spectral data from several areas. Spectral averaging of signals from several spots helped to reduce sample inhomogeneity. Metrohm software was used for all data acquisition and prediction model development.</p><h4><strong>CONCLUSION</strong></h4><p>This Application Note displays the benefits of using NIR spectroscopy for soil analysis. All the presented soil quality parameters can be measured simultaneously in only a few seconds. Compared to other conventional methods (Table 1), near-infrared spectroscopy soil analysis requires no sample preparation nor solvents. This ultimately leads to a reduction in workload and related costs, as well as keeping lab personnel safer.</p><h3><strong>2. Shimadzu: Observation of Shock Waves Using the Schlieren Method with the HPV-X3</strong></h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_01_00983_en_c64bbf91c4.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><h4><strong>User Benefits</strong></h4><ul><li>HPV-X3 offers three times the resolution of conventional models, enabling high-speed imaging at much higher resolutions.</li><li>With a maximum frame rate of 20 Mfps, the HPV-X3 is well-suited for observing high-speed phenomena such as shock waves</li></ul><p>Shock waves are characterized by abrupt changesin pressure and density and are generated when an object travels faster than the speed of sound or during explosive phenomena. They are important research subjects in fields such as aerospace and fluid dynamics. In particular, accurately characterizing the structure and temporal evolution of shock waves generated around projectiles is a crucial issue directly related to vehicle design, behavior prediction, and safety evaluation. Optical techniques capable of detecting minute changes in refractive index are effective for visualizing such phenomena. Among these, the Schlieren method is widely used to visualize density variations in fluids. <sup>1)</sup>&nbsp;</p><p>In this paper, the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=HPV-X3"><strong>HPV-X3 high-speed video camera</strong></a> (Fig. 1), which provides three times the resolution of conventional models, was used to observe shock waves generated by a pellet launched from a gas gun using the Schlieren method.</p><h4><strong>Imaging System&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>The pellet shown at the center of Fig. 2 was placed in the firing chamber of the gas gun, sandwiched between two plastic holders. The holders were used to position the pellet in the firing chamber; after firing, the holders fell away, allowing only the pellet to be captured by the camera.&nbsp;</p><p>The imaging system is detailed in Table 1, the imaging conditions are shown in Table 2, and the experimental setup is shown in Fig. 3. Light from the laser source was reflected by Concave mirror (1) and collimated between Concave mirrors (1) and (2). The HPV-X3 captured images of shock waves generated along the projectile path through a mirror and a knife-edge.&nbsp;</p><p>The experiment was conducted twice: in the first trial, two rubber bands were placed in the projectile path; in the second trial, an obstacle with ten circular holes (Fig. 4) was placed in the path. This allowed us to observe phenomena such as fragmentation and shock wave reflection.</p><h4><strong>Conclusion&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>Using the HPV-X3 high-speed video camera, shock waves generated by pellets fired from a gas gun were observed using the Schlieren method. This approach enabled close observation of phenomena, including shock waves generated as the pellet passed through or was reflected by rubber bands placed in the projectile path, as well as pellet fragmentation by impact with an obstacle and the subsequent generation of shock waves from each fragment.&nbsp;</p><p>The HPV-X3 high-speed video camera has three times the resolution of the previous, HPV-X2, model and is well-suited for detailed observation of high-speed phenomena such as shock waves.</p><h3><strong>3. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Raman Spectroscopy: Deciphering the Structural Dynamics of 2D Semiconductors</strong></h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/deciphering_structural_dynamics_of_2d_semiconductors_an1525_en_e5c8ca420c.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>Semiconductors form the foundation of all modern electronics. As industries constantly seek to make their technological devices even smaller and more efficient, and manufacturers continue to strive for more compact device architectures, the key to future develops may prove to be new, thin film materials. Thin film or twodimensional (2D) semiconductors have unique properties and perform robustly even at monolayer thicknesses, allowing for complex electronic device performance at extremely small scale.¹ For example, the current silicon “2 nm” transistors used in the semiconductor industry have channel lengths of 10+ nm. Studies on 2D semiconductor transistors, especially MoS₂, show promising scalability to physical channel lengths below a 5 nm threshold—less than half the size of current transistors.¹ These materials have very well-defined crystal structures which make them excellent candidates for characterization through Raman spectroscopy. A common class of these materials is the transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) family such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂).², ³ 2D semiconductors, like TDMCs, are characterized by two major structural elements: the in-plane lattice bonds and out-of-plane van der Waals (vdW) forces that bind the stacked layers of crystalline monolayers.²</p><h4><strong>Crystal Structure and Raman Signal&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>A naturally formed sample of MoS₂ is studied here using the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2237"><strong>Thermo Scientific DXR3xi Raman Imaging Microscope </strong></a>with a 455 nm excitation laser. The MoS₂ is manually exfoliated to thin the crystals from bulk form down to a two-dimensional, thin film layer.³ This creates a very simple crystalline structure with simple vibrational modes. Indeed, MoS₂ has only two dominant Raman peaks, the E¹2g, in-plane vibration at 381 cm-1, driven by the lateral oscillation of S atoms, and the A1g, out-of-plane mode at 408 cm-1.⁴ In thin / 2D samples, the A1g peak (linked to the out-of-plane S vibrations) is significantly weaker than it is in the bulk crystal due to many fewer vdW forces between the layers (Figure 1). This out-of-plane peak also displays a redshift (to lower wavenumber values) in the thinner samples (Figure 2).⁴ By taking a single crystal and repeatedly thinning it we can see the clear trend in these spectral changes produced by manual exfoliation (Table 1).</p><h4><strong>Tracking Structural Variations&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>The Raman peaks of MoS₂ can reveal much more information than simply layer thickness. The shifting ratio of the out-of-plane A1g peak to the in-plane E¹2g peak can be used to study interlayer physics in these 2D crystal structures. For example, a Raman peak ratio analysis can reveal interfacial boundary conditions (Figure 4). In this sample, there is a stronger out-of-plane component to the lattice vibration along the crystal face boundaries. Given that there are no obvious peak shifts from differing layer thicknesses, the increased vdW forces at the boundaries may be due to another phenomena, such as a localized electronic charge accumulation in the boundary region.</p><h4><strong>Conclusion&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>Even with a seemingly simple molecular structure such as MoS₂ there is a huge wealth of information that can be gleaned from Raman spectroscopic analysis. Layer thicknesses, interlayer forces, and in-plane strain can all be quickly analyzed based on the two MoS₂ peaks. Monitoring changes in these in-plane and out-of-plane vibrations for this 2D semiconductor allows a researcher to characterize numerous properties with a rapid, non-destructive analysis.</p><h3><strong>4. Waters Corporation: A New Method for Measuring Particulates in Protein Drug Formulations with Complex Excipients</strong></h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/720009131_en_987cda2d15.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>Protein drugs need to be highly stable in order to increase product shelf life and inhibit protein aggregation which presents an immunogenic risk<sup>1</sup>. To achieve protein drug stability, formulators use an array of water-soluble excipients including various buffers, detergents, sugars and other compounds to inhibit protein aggregate formation<sup>2</sup>.&nbsp;</p><p>Measuring the quality and the state of the excipients in a formulation is a big challenge. Each formulation parameter plays a key role in determining its stability, but due to the nature and sheer variety of excipients, these materials can often confound protein particle measurements<sup>3</sup>. This measurement gap is accentuated in flowbased subvisible particle analyzers, where the protein sample cannot be reanalyzed to gain greater insights of the formulation’s state. Running subsequent measurements enables formulators to gain greater insights on the state of the protein formulation’s components and its overall stability.</p><p>The HORIZON system, powered by backgrounded membrane imaging (BMI), enables users the unique ability to conduct serial wash measurements of protein formulations filtered on a membrane, to dissolve water soluble excipients and reveal the hidden insights of a formulation’s state. In this application note, we present three independent case studies that leverage the HORIZON system’s unique capability to analyze samples after serial washes to investigate the impact on the number of protein and excipient particulates in the sample to gain a clearer understanding of the formulation state.</p><h4><strong>Results and Discussion</strong></h4><h5><strong>Study 2 — Protein Aggregate Solubility and Adsorption to the Surface</strong></h5><p>In this case study we used IgG aggregates using the same sample preparation procedure described above and created two stock IgG solutions using PBS and DI water respectively. We ran 2X serial dilutions of the samples in their corresponding buffers from stock (1X) down to 32X dilutions. Samples were filtered through a HORIZON filter plate and subsequently measured using 50 µL of sample per well, measuring N = 4 samples per condition. For this experiment, the background of the software plate was cloned 3 times. All the wells were washed with 50 µL DI water, and remeasured, and this process was repeated 3 times for each wash step.&nbsp;</p><p>Serial dilutions of IgG aggregates in both buffers showed linear counts drop behavior (R2 &gt; 0.99), and very similar counts with stock IgG concentrations hovering close to 1E5 particles/mL for both stock conditions (Figure 4). After the first wash, both buffer types saw at most 20% of the counts drop for concentrated samples, potentially from the dissolution of soluble aggregates. Additional washing resulted in no counts increase or decrease within measurement error.&nbsp;</p><h4><strong>Conclusion&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>Serial membrane washing can help unveil critical details of a formulation. In the first two case studies, we explored how irreversible protein aggregates tend to be dense (dark in the image), amorphous, and do not disappear upon membrane washing as verified by visual microscopic membrane inspection and by counts analysis. Protein aggregates’ lack of solubility and their strong binding to the membrane surface allow one to count them reliably while uncovering the presence of other water-soluble excipients particles. This is important since the key objective of particle analysis in protein drug samples is to measure the insoluble protein aggregates since they tend to be immunogenic<sup>5</sup>.&nbsp;</p><p>With protein aggregates being insoluble, this helped us deduce in the first case study that the faint, directional and water-soluble particles were salt crystals. Their presence also coincided with the age of the buffer (30 days), potentially pointing to time-related buffer degradation. The second case study confirmed the insolubility of the aggregates, with virtually no change in counts even after 3 serial washes. The third case study uncovered that protein solutions formulated in concentrated excipient conditions can show elevated counts. However, the excipient particle counts, arising from sucrose or polysorbate particles, could be washed away with a single wash to enable counting of the true protein aggregates. Also of interest in the third case study is that the IgG solution that was formulated without concentrated excipients showed significantly lower particle counts (nearly half) than those that were formulated in 10% sucrose and 0.05% polysorbate. This is a reminder that a higher excipient concentration does not necessarily result in higher formulation stability. The ability to get to the right formulation as quickly as possible requires one to obtain deep insights into all components of the formulation. The HORIZON system’s ability to clone original plate backgrounds to rapidly reanalyze the samples enables an unprecedented opportunity to learn more about the state of a proteindrug formulation. Key insights to your formulations are only a single 50 µL membrane wash away.</p>

News from LabRulezICPMS Library - Week 12, 2026

<p><strong>In the week from March 23, the following webinars await you in the field of atomic and molecular spectroscopy and spectrometry</strong></p><blockquote><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinars"><strong>👉 DETAILS AND REGISTRATION IN THE WEBINARS SECTION</strong></a></h4><p><strong>👉 Search and filter in the largest global database</strong> with over <strong>5 500 GC, LC, MS and spectroscopy webinars</strong>.</p></blockquote><h5><strong>1. Anton Paar: Achieving Reliable Viscosity Results in Daily Lab Work</strong></h5><ul><li>Tu, 24.3.2026 11:00 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6017">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Join this free Anton Paar webinar to find out how to choose the right setup, avoid common measurement mistakes, and improve reproducibility in your lab viscosity measurements.</p><h5><strong>2. Bruker: Illuminating Brain Function through Two-Photon Microscopy: Calcium and Voltage Dynamics with Optogenetics</strong></h5><ul><li>Tu, 24.3.2026 17:00 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6014">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Discover advances in two-photon microscopy in this webinar featuring Bruker’s Ultima 2Pplus system and modules for 3D optogenetics, voltage imaging, fast volumetric imaging, and mesoscale neuroscience research.</p><h5><strong>3. Agilent Technologies: How can MassHunter software help you when you need help with your ICP-MS?</strong></h5><ul><li>Tu, 24.3.2026 20:30 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6042">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Learn how MassHunter® software tools can streamline ICP-MS troubleshooting, method development, and proactive maintenance to reduce downtime and improve analytical performance.</p><h5><strong>4. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Hypulse Surface Analysis System Demonstration</strong></h5><ul><li>We, 25.3.2026 14:00 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6028">Registration</a></li></ul><p>We will introduce the Thermo Scientific Hypulse Surface Analysis System and demonstrate how it can be used to go beyond the limits of ion beam depth profiling.</p><h5><strong>5. Bruker: Unlocking BioAFM Performance: From Sample Preparation to Advanced Accessories</strong></h5><ul><li>We, 25.3.2026 17:00 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6015">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Learn best practices for atomic force microscopy (AFM) in this webinar covering sample preparation, advanced imaging modes, environmental control, and AI-enabled features that expand AFM capabilities.</p><h5><strong>6. SPECTRO Analytical Instruments: Grade Search or Grade Control: Choosing the Right Method for Reliable Metal Verification</strong></h5><ul><li>Th, 26.3.2026 16:00 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6024">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Learn how to prevent alloy mix-ups using PMI strategies. Discover when to apply grade identification or verification, and explore real workflows with mobile OES, handheld XRF, and structured metal databases.</p><h5><strong>7. LECO: Solving Aluminum Challenges with Modern Characterization Tools</strong></h5><ul><li>Th, 26.3.2026 16:00 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/5939">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Learn how GD-OES, metallography, and hydrogen analysis combine to evaluate aluminum alloy quality, detect defects, and improve processing consistency in high-performance manufacturing.</p><h5><strong>8. Mettler-Toledo: Thermal Analysis for Safety Evaluation of Chemical Processes</strong></h5><ul><li>Th, 26.3.2026 16:00 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/5735">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Join this webinar to explore how thermal analysis helps identify thermal hazards, improve process safety, and prevent runaway reactions in chemical production.</p>

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