<p><strong>In the week from April 27, the following webinars await you in the field of atomic and molecular spectroscopy and spectrometry</strong></p><blockquote><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinars"><strong>👉 DETAILS AND REGISTRATION IN THE WEBINARS SECTION</strong></a></h4><p><strong>👉 Search and filter in the largest global database</strong> with over <strong>5 500 GC, LC, MS and spectroscopy webinars</strong>.</p></blockquote><h5><strong>1. LECO: Carbon and Nitrogen Determination in Adhesives, Laminates, and Cement Fiber Board</strong></h5><ul><li>Tu, 28.4.2026 16:00 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/5973">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Discover how carbon and nitrogen analysis supports quality control in adhesives, laminates, and cement fiber board, optimizing resin performance and regulatory compliance.</p><h5><strong>2. Agilent Technologies: FTIR in Action: From Spectroscopy Fundamentals to Oil and Grease Analysis in Water</strong></h5><ul><li>Tu, 28.4.2026 20:30 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6049">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Learn FTIR fundamentals and practical workflows for oil and grease determination in water. Discover how ClearShot™ extraction and the Agilent Cary 630 enable fast, reliable environmental monitoring.</p><h5><strong>3. C&amp;EN: Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM): Principles &amp; Applications</strong></h5><ul><li>We, 29.4.2026 17:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6139">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Most key research questions in modern electrochemistry are governed by processes that occur at the microscopic scale.</p><h5><strong>4. Waters Corporation: TOC Calibration, System Suitability, and Verification: Ensuring Accuracy and Compliance in Water Quality Analysis</strong></h5><ul><li>We, 29.4.2026 17:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6118">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Total Organic Carbon (TOC) analysis plays a critical role in ensuring water quality across pharmaceutical, environmental, and high purity industrial applications.</p><h5><strong>5. Anton Paar: From Analysis to Assurance: How Thermal, Raman, and Film Extrusion Techniques Validate Crystallinity and Ensure Polymer Product Quality</strong></h5><ul><li>We, 29.4.2026 19:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6121">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Crystallinity strongly affects the mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties of polymer films, yet monitoring it during extrusion is difficult.</p><h5><strong>6. LECO: From Anode to Cathode: Integrated Characterization Solutions for Advanced Battery Materials</strong></h5><ul><li>Th, 30.4.2026 16:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6037">Registration</a></li></ul><p>This webinar presents an integrated characterization approach for lithium-ion battery materials.</p><h5><strong>7. Agilent Technologies: Improve your ICP-MS productivity and workflow with the ADS2/AVS</strong></h5><ul><li>Th, 30.4.2026 19:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6048">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Webinar on optimizing ICP-MS analysis of high-matrix samples using MassHunter 5.4 and ADS2/AVS, focusing on calibration efficiency and streamlined workflows.</p>

Webinars LabRulezICPMS Week 18/2026

<p><strong>Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezICPMS Library in the week of 27th April 2026? Check out new documents from the field of spectroscopy/spectrometry and related techniques!</strong></p><blockquote><p><span style="font-size:20px;">👉 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library"><span style="font-size:20px;"><strong>SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT SPECTROSCOPY/SPECTROMETRY RELATED TECHNIQUES</strong></span></a></p></blockquote><blockquote><p><strong>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques?</strong> Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library"><strong>LabRulezLCMS</strong></a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library"><strong>LabRulezGCMS</strong></a> libraries.</p></blockquote><p>This week we bring you application notes by<strong> Agilent Technologies, LECO, Shimadzu, </strong>and <strong>Thermo Fisher Scientific!</strong></p><h3><strong>1. Agilent Technologies: Ethanol Impurity Analysis Using the </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=Cary+3500"><strong>Agilent Cary 3500 Flexible UV-Vis Spectrophotometer</strong></a></h3><p><strong>The use of long-path-length cells in pharmaceutical QC</strong></p><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_ethanol_impurity_analysis_cary_3500_flexible_uv_vis_5994_9041en_agilent_3980fa0dc8.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy is a rapid, sensitive, and nondestructive test widely used in the pharmaceutical industry for quality control (QC). This method typically involves using a standard 10 mm path length cuvette to measure absorbance of materials, which can then be used in QC labs to quantify or qualify an analyte of interest.&nbsp;</p><p>In UV-Vis measurements, the photometric response of the spectrophotometer follows the Beer‑Lambert law, where a linear relationship exists between the sample absorbance and sample path length. The path length is the distance that the incident light travels through a sample. Increasing the cuvette path length from 10 to 50 mm increases the absorbance of a sample, aiding in more accurate quantification of components with low peak intensity. Alternatively, if the sample concentration is high and exceeds the linear dynamic detection range of the system, a cuvette with a shorter path length can be used instead.<sup>1</sup></p><p>In the pharmaceutical industry, ethanol is widely used in manufacturing as a disinfectant, solvent, and preservative. Due to its amphipathic structure, ethanol can dissolve both hydrophilic and lipophilic substances, serving as a medium to dissolve key components for a broad spectrum of drug formulations. The dual nature of ethanol also allows it to inhibit microbial growth by disrupting cellular membranes and denaturing proteins, processes that are vital for disinfection and the preservation of&nbsp;medications.<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;</p><p>As a result, ethanol used in pharmaceutical manufacturing must comply with pharmacopeia standards to ensure drug safety, efficacy, and quality. The United States Pharmacopeia (USP)<sup>3</sup>, European Pharmacopoeia (EP)<sup>4</sup>, and Japanese Pharmacopoeia (JP)<sup>5</sup> all specify using an ultraviolet absorption test to measure impurities in ethanol at designated wavelengths (Table 1). In this test, the absorption spectrum should show a steadily descending curve with no observable peaks or shoulders, which serve as qualitative indicators of impurities present in the sample. Since the impurities have low absorbance levels, the USP, EP, and JP require the use of a 50 mm cell to improve sensitivity and detection levels.</p><h4><strong>Conclusion&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>The <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=Cary+3500"><strong>Agilent Cary 3500 Flexible UV-Vis spectrophotometer</strong></a> with variable-path-length cell holder demonstrates exceptional performance in the measurement of ethanol impurities according to global pharmacopeia standards. This underscores the system's suitability for pharmaceutical‑grade quality control. Combined with Agilent Cary UV Workstation software and a 10-year xenon flash lamp replacement warranty, this system delivers a user-friendly interface and global pharmacopeia-compliant hardware (USP, EP, JP), providing long‑term stability and low maintenance. Optimized workflows enable precise, routine photometric quality checks to ensure products are in compliance with pharmaceutical-grade standards.</p><h3><strong>2. LECO: Determination of Nitrogen/Protein in Whey and Powdered Dairy Products</strong></h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/FP_928_NITROGEN_PROTEIN_WHEY_POWDERED_DAIRY_203_821_671_1ecb5b0d95.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>Two of the main types of proteins in milk are casein and whey. Whey protein is a co-product of cheese production and represents the water-soluble protein remaining in the solution after the milk has been acidified or a coagulation agent has been added. The removal of the non-soluble casein protein portion is referred to as curds. Whey protein is a common ingredient in many dietary supplements due to its availability, solubility, and unique functional characteristics.&nbsp;</p><p>The accurate and precise determination of protein in whey and powdered dairy products not only plays a role in the characterization of nutritional or dietary value in dairy products, but may also be key in determining the quality or category of the dairy product. Protein in whey and other dairy products is most commonly calculated using the measured Nitrogen in the sample and a protein factor multiplier (protein factors vary according to the sample matrix).</p><h4><strong>Instrument Model and Configuration&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>The <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/1885"><strong>LECO FP928</strong></a> is a macro combustion Nitrogen/Protein determinator that utilizes a pure Oxygen environment in a high-temperature horizontal ceramic combustion furnace, utilizing ceramic boats designed to handle macro sample masses (~ 1.0 g). A thermoelectric cooler removes moisture from the combustion gases before they are collected in a ballast. The gases equilibrate and mix in the ballast before a representative aliquot (3 cm<sup>3</sup> or 10 cm<sup>3</sup> volume) of the gas is extracted and introduced into a flowing stream of inert carrier gas (Helium or Argon) for analysis. The aliquot of gas is carried through a heated reduction tube, filled with Copper, to convert Nitrogen Oxide combustion gas species (NO<sub>x</sub>) to Nitrogen (N<sub>2</sub>). The aliquot gas is then carried to a thermal conductivity cell (TC) for the detection of Nitrogen (N<sub>2</sub>).&nbsp;</p><p>Thermal conductivity detectors work by detecting changes in the thermal conductivity of the analyte gas compared to a reference/carrier gas. The greater the difference between the thermal conductivity of the carrier gas and the analyte gas, the greater the sensitivity of the detector. The FP928 supports either the use of Helium or Argon as the instrument's carrier gas. When used as a carrier gas, Helium provides the highest sensitivity, and the best performance at the lower limit of the Nitrogen range. The thermal conductivity difference between Argon and Nitrogen is not as great as the thermal conductivity difference between Helium and Nitrogen; therefore, the detector is inherently less sensitive when using Argon as a carrier gas.</p><h4><strong>TYPICAL RESULTS&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>Data was generated utilizing a linear, force through origin calibration using ~0.75 g of LECO 502-896 (Lot 1007) LCRM EDTA (9.59% N). The calibration was verified using ~0.1 g of LECO 502-688 (Lot 1004) LCRM Nicotinic Acid (11.37% N). Samples were weighed and analyzed at ~0.5 grams. A protein † factor of 6.38 was used for all samples to calculate the protein content.</p><h3><strong>3. Shimadzu: High-Temperature Gigacycle Fatigue Test of Inconel 718 and Element Distribution Measurement on a Fracture Surface</strong></h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_01_01082_en_37d9ba3a1a.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><h4><strong>User Benefits</strong></h4><ul><li>Fatigue testing at 20 kHz can be performed using an ultrasonic fatigue testing machine, and 109 cycle fatigue tests can be completed in about 14 hours.</li><li>High-temperature fatigue tests can be performed by using a combination of an ultrasonic fatigue testing system and an induction heating furnace.</li><li>The origins of fatigue fractures and inclusions can be identified by observations and element distribution measurements using an electron probe microanalyzer.</li></ul><p>Inconel 718 has excellent heat and corrosion resistance and high strength. Its mechanical properties can be maintained even under high-temperature environments, which is why it is used in harsh environments, such as in the jet engines and turbine blades in the aerospace industry, and in gas turbines and nuclear power plant parts in the energy industry. In these applications, long-term reliability is crucial, making fatigue testing essential. However, this can be time-consuming; for example, gigacycle fatigue testing exceeding 109 cycles takes three to four months at a frequency of 100 Hz when using a conventional fatigue testing machine. But with the USF-2000A ultrasonic fatigue testing system, tests performed at a frequency of 20 kHz can be completed in approximately 14 hours.&nbsp;</p><p>This article describes using the <strong>USF-2000A</strong> to perform gigacycle fatigue tests on Inconel 718 at 600 °C. In addition, the EPMA8050G, which is an electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA ), was used to observe the fatigue fracture surfaces and measure the element distribution.</p><h4><strong>Conclusion&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>Gigacycle fatigue tests were performed on Inconel 718 at 600 °C, using the USF-2000A ultrasonic fatigue testing system. Good results were obtained since the number of cycles to fractures fell in the range 106 to 109 for their respective loading conditions. The EPMA-8050G electron probe microanalyzer was used to perform elemental mapping analysis of fractures originating from inclusions, and the elements of the inclusions were identified.</p><h3><strong>4. Thermo Fisher Scientific: XPS depth profiling of coated nitrided steel using femtosecond laser ablation</strong></h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/xps_depth_profiling_coated_nitrided_steel_appnote_d19841e6c9.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a powerful surface analysis technique that provides essential information about elemental composition along with chemical and electronic states. Depth profiling, a process in which material is repeatedly and sequentially analyzed with XPS and removed, provides access to buried features, layers, and interfaces. Traditional ion sputtering methods for depth profiling can, however, lead to preferential sputtering and chemical damage, impacting the reliability and accuracy of results. This is particularly problematic for complex, multi-layered structures and coatings, where it is crucial for the stoichiometry and chemical integrity to be maintained throughout the depth profile.&nbsp;</p><p>This application note explores the use of femtosecond laser ablation (fs-LA) as an alternative to conventional ion sputtering for XPS depth profiling. Specifically, this approach is used to analyze a nitrided steel surface coated with a titanium-doped molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂:Ti) layer, which was applied with physical vapor deposition (PVD). Nitriding is typically used in applications where durability is critical, such as in the production of gears, as it increases surface hardness and wear resistance. The addition of a MoS₂:Ti coating offers additional benefits such as enhanced lubrication and wear resistance. Molybdenum disulfide is well-known for its lubricating properties, and doping with titanium improves mechanical strength and adhesion to the substrate. Accurate depth profiling is essential for unraveling how these structures increase performance and for their further optimization and improvement.</p><h4><strong>Experimental</strong></h4><p>A <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2206"><strong>Thermo Scientific™ Hypulse™ Surface Analysis System,</strong></a> equipped with both traditional ion sputtering and fs-LA capabilities, was utilized for the analysis. XPS data was collected in SnapShot mode using a 30 µm X-ray spot size. A 500 eV monoatomic Ar⁺ beam from a Thermo Scientific™ MAGCIS™ Dual Beam Ion Source was used for sputter depth profiling. The fs-LA depth profiles were generated using a 1,030-nm laser operating at a 160 fs pulse length. The pulse energy was increased from 83 µJ to 250 µJ when transitioning from the MoS₂:Ti coating into the bulk steel material.</p><h4><strong>Summary&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>XPS depth profiling with femtosecond laser ablation offers a robust alternative to traditional ion sputtering, particularly for materials sensitive to preferential sputtering and chemical damage. The technique provides accurate stoichiometric analysis and preserves chemical state information, making it ideal for complex, multi-layered structures with deeply buried interfaces. The fs-LA method can offer comparable depth resolution to ion sputtering while being able to profile greater depths in a fraction of the time.&nbsp;</p><p>This application note demonstrates the effectiveness of fs-LA in maintaining the chemical integrity of a nitrided steel material with a MoS₂:Ti coating throughout a depth profile, providing accurate and reliable results in a practical timeframe.</p>

News from LabRulezICPMS Library - Week 18, 2026

Optical Extraction of Single Microplastics Followed by Online Molecular and Elemental Characterization

<p><strong>In the week from May 4, the following webinars await you in the field of atomic and molecular spectroscopy and spectrometry</strong></p><blockquote><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinars"><strong>👉 DETAILS AND REGISTRATION IN THE WEBINARS SECTION</strong></a></h4><p><strong>👉 Search and filter in the largest global database</strong> with over <strong>5 500 GC, LC, MS and spectroscopy webinars</strong>.</p></blockquote><h5><strong>1. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Unlocking standardless X-ray fluorescence analysis with Thermo Scientific™ UniQuant™ Software</strong></h5><ul><li>Tu, 5.5.2026 14:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6161">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Learn how standardless XRF with UniQuant software delivers accurate results without calibration standards, combining advanced instrumentation with optimized sample preparation.</p><h5><strong>2. AZoM: Organic Contamination Analysis: A FIB-FTIR Workflow</strong></h5><ul><li>Tu, 5.5.2026 17:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6143">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Organic contamination presents a persistent challenge across industries, particularly when particles are small, embedded, or difficult to isolate.</p><h5><strong>3. Agilent Technologies: High-Throughput ICP-OES Analysis of Elements in Brines from Direct Lithium Extraction</strong></h5><ul><li>Tu, 5.5.2026 20:30 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6062">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Discover how ICP-OES with advanced dilution enables accurate elemental analysis of complex lithium brines in Direct Lithium Extraction workflows, supporting robust quality control.</p><h5><strong>4. Milestone: Heavy Metals in Food: Digestion Strategies and Complete Sample Prep Workflow</strong></h5><ul><li>We, 6.5.2026 16:00 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/5821">Registration</a></li></ul><p>This webinar covers best practices for microwave digestion of diverse food matrices using systems such as ETHOS and ultraWAVE 2 eco.</p><h5><strong>5. Bruker: PHOTON IV: Learn How Unique Detector Technology is Driving Modern Crystallography</strong></h5><ul><li>We, 6.5.2026 17:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6162">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Join our webinar to learn how Bruker AXS’s PHOTON IV X-ray detectors combine advanced active pixel sensor technology and innovative readout methods.</p><h5><strong>6. AZoM: Unlocking Material Insights with Raman Spectroscopy: From Fundamentals to Real-World Applications</strong></h5><ul><li>Th, 7.5.2026 16:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6163">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Discover how Raman spectroscopy enables fast, non-destructive chemical analysis, with advanced imaging and microscopy for material identification and research workflows.</p><h5><strong>7. C&amp;EN: Smarter Materials Qualification in a Changing Supply Chain</strong></h5><ul><li>Th, 7.5.2026 17:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6164">Registration</a></li></ul><p>This webinar explores how FTIR spectroscopy can help laboratories detect variability, validate materials with confidence, and reduce risk in supplier qualification.</p><h5><strong>8. Agilent Technologies: A Workshop on Substrates and Software tools for Microplastics Analysis using the LDIR</strong></h5><ul><li>Th, 7.5.2026 19:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6050">Registration</a></li></ul><p>This workshop will review the different substrates used for microplastics analysis and will focus on best practices for sample measurement and software functions.</p><h5><strong>9. Agilent Technologies: Getting Elemental Impurity Testing Right: Preparing for upcoming regulatory changes with Advanced Analytical Workflows</strong></h5><ul><li>Fr, 8.5.2026 07:30 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6167">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Prepare for IP 5.10 elemental impurity regulations with ICP-MS workflows, risk-based strategies, and global alignment across USP, EP, and ICH Q3D.</p>

Webinars LabRulezICPMS Week 19/2026

<p><strong>Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezICPMS Library in the week of 4th May 2026? Check out new documents from the field of spectroscopy/spectrometry and related techniques!</strong></p><blockquote><p><span style="font-size:20px;">👉 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library"><span style="font-size:20px;"><strong>SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT SPECTROSCOPY/SPECTROMETRY RELATED TECHNIQUES</strong></span></a></p></blockquote><blockquote><p><strong>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques?</strong> Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library"><strong>LabRulezLCMS</strong></a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library"><strong>LabRulezGCMS</strong></a> libraries.</p></blockquote><p>This week we bring you application notes by<strong> KNAUER, Shimadzu, </strong>and <strong>Thermo Fisher Scientific!</strong></p><h3><strong>1. KNAUER: Analysis of HPLC fractions by Benchtop NMR</strong></h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/knauer_hplc_benchtop_nmr_web_638c60e13c.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>Preparative HPLC is essential for isolating compounds and removing impurities in pharmaceutical and chemical industries. Non-destructive, fast analysis is preferred to maintain yield and enable at-line monitoring, avoiding lengthy sample preparation. Recent advancements in benchtop NMR spectrometers (up to 90 MHz) allow quick analysis without deuterated solvents. In this proof-of-concept study we purified a pharmaceutical sample via HPLC and confirmed its identity using benchtop NMR. Fractions (0.7–4.4 mM) were analyzed without preparation, using only 300 µL per sample, ensuring rapid batch control with no product loss. This study demonstrates the seamless integration of HPLC and benchtop NMR.</p><h4><strong>Experimental</strong></h4><h5><strong>Preparative HPLC Method</strong></h5><p>Eluent 20:80 Ethanol/water, isocratic mode, flow rate 12.5 ml/min, detection UV254 nm 2 Hz, 500 µl stacked injection, automated fractionation with threshold function, column temperature ambient, Column Eurospher II 100-10 C18 150x20 mm&nbsp;</p><h5><strong>Analytical HPLC Method</strong></h5><p>Eluent 20:80 Ethanol /water + 0.1% formic acid, isocratic mode, flow rate 1 ml/min, detection UV254 nm 10 Hz, 5 µl partial loop injection, column temperature 25 °C, Column <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1633"><strong>Eurospher II 100-5 C18</strong></a> 150x4 mm&nbsp;</p><h5><strong>NMR Method&nbsp;</strong></h5><p>NMR spectra were acquired on a <strong>Magritek Multi-X Ultra 80 MHz benchtop NMR system</strong> using an adapted WET sequence for solvent suppression. 32 scans were acquired with a repetition time of 15s. WET parameters were adjusted for each sample to yield optimal suppression for all solvent signals. Pooled HPLC fractions were analysed directly without addition of deuterated solvents or other sample preparation.</p><h4><strong>Conclusion</strong></h4><p>This proof-of-concept study successfully shows that HPLC and benchtop NMR can be used together easily. Samples can be analyzed non-destructively within minutes and without any further preparation due to highly efficient suppression of multiple solvent signals. Compounds can be identified without the need of reference standards. This study shows that NMR can provide a valid compatible alternative detector for HPLC fraction analysis.</p><h3><strong>2. Shimadzu: DIC Analysis in High-Speed Tensile Test of CFRP</strong></h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_01_00854_en_fb6c68b858.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><h4><strong>User Benefits</strong></h4><ul><li>The <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=HPV-X3"><strong>HPV-X3</strong></a> is suitable for observation of fracture of brittle materials such as CFRP because it has a maximum recording speed (framerate) of 20 Mfps.&nbsp;</li><li>The HPV-X3 provides improved DIC analysis performance, as its resolution is 3 times higher than that of the conventional highspeed video camera.</li><li>The HITS-TX impact testing machine enables testing at a maximum speed of 20 m/s</li></ul><p>Carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) is a material with particularly high specific strength, even among composite materials, and used in various applications such as transport aircraft, taking advantage of its excellent mechanical properties. Because CFRP consists of carbon fibers and resin, it shows complex fracture behavior, and brittle fracture progresses from damage as the point of origin. Since fracture proceeds instantaneously, a high-speed video camera with a high recording speed is necessary when observing fracture of CFRP. One method for measuring strain in a high-speed tensile test is Digital Image Correlation (DIC), which visualizes the distribution of strain at the specimen surface by comparing a random pattern on the specimen surface before and after deformation. Thus, a high-speed video camera with a high resolution is also necessary in order to improve the DIC performance.&nbsp;</p><p>Newly-developed <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=HPV-X3"><strong>Hyper Vision HPV-X3 high-speed video camera</strong></a> is extremely well-suited to DIC analysis of CFRP, as its recording speed is 2 timesfaster and itsresolution is 3 times higher than the conventional HPV-X2. In this experiment, a high-speed tensile test of CFRP was conducted using a HITS-TX high-speed tensile testing machine. The condition of the test was observed with the new HPV-X3, and the strain distribution of the CFRP test piece was clarified by a DIC analysis of the recorded images.</p><h4><strong>Test Piece and Test Instruments</strong></h4><p>A CFRP quasi-isotropic laminate was used as the test piece. Aluminum foil was glued to the back side of the test piece, and the timing when the electrical conduction of the aluminum foil was interrupted by fracture of the test piece was used as the trigger for video recording. The HITS-TX was used in the highspeed tensile test. The HPV-X3 was used in fracture observation, and for comparison, the fracture process was also recorded with the conventional HPV-X2 camera. Fig. 1 shows the condition of the test, and Table 1 and Table 2 show the equipment composition and test conditions, respectively.</p><h4><strong>DIC Analysis Results in High-Speed Tensile Test</strong></h4><p>Fig. 3 shows the DIC analysis results in the high-speed tensile test. The color bar was set to display the color purple at around 0 % strain and red at around 2 % strain. Fig. 3 (1) is an image at the start of the test. After the test started, strain in the 45˚ direction concentrated from the lower left to the right central area, as can be seen in Fig. 3 (2). Then, as the test progressed, a condition of increasing strain in the initial area of strain concentration can be seen in Fig. 3 (3) to (9). A crack occurs in Fig. 3 (10), and strain decreases in the crack area. Following this, the test piece fractured completely in Fig. 3 (11) and (12), and a decrease in the strain in the area around the crack could be observed.</p><h4><strong>Conclusion</strong></h4><p>A high-speed tensile test of CFRP was conducted using a HITSTX high-speed tensile testing machine and the newlydeveloped HPV-X3 high-speed video camera, and the strain distribution at the time of test piece fracture was visualized by a DIC analysis. Because the HPV-X3 offers a 3 times higher resolution and a 2 times faster recording speed than the conventional device, it is a suitable high-speed video camera for fracture observation and DIC analysis in impact tests of brittle materials such as CFRP. The measurement system introduced in this Application News article is a useful tool for the development of composite materials.</p><h3><strong>3. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Polymer analysis using femtosecond-laser-ablation depth profiling</strong></h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/xps_depth_profiling_polymer_analysis_appnote_c731e2e7e0.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is an essential polymer characterization technique that can identify not just the elemental composition but also the chemical state of polymer samples. This allows the chemical bonding environment to be deduced and, as a result, the polymer species can be identified. This can all be achieved with minimal sample preparation thanks to the built-in charge-compensation systems found in XPS instruments, which simplify the analysis of insulating samples.&nbsp;</p><p>The introduction of gas cluster ion sources (GCIS), such as the Thermo Scientific™ MAGCIS Dual Mode Ion Source, marked a major step forward in polymer analysis. Unlike monatomic ion beams, GCIS are able to clean surface contamination, and etch away layers of sample material, without damaging the underlying chemistry of organic samples such as polymers. As a result, GCIS has allowed chemical-damage-free analysis to reach micrometers below the sample surface. This depth of analysis can be highly time consuming, however, and total experimental times can range from multiple hours to days.&nbsp;</p><p>The addition of femtosecond-laser-ablation (fs-LA) technology is alleviating this, allowing for XPS spectra to be collected from a depth of tens of µm into a sample in a matter of minutes. This is because the laser ablation occurs on the femtosecond timescale (i.e., nearly instantaneously), effectively eliminating the material removal time of the depth profile. Additionally, unlike other material removal techniques such as atomic ion beam impact (where a collision cascade effect is induced to remove surface material) fs-LA is capable of removing material without chemical damage due to the ultrashort columbic explosion process used to eject the material. The resulting profile is therefore representative of the actual sample chemistry.</p><h4><strong>Paint layer analysis&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>In traditional ion-beam depth profiling, analytical depths are generally limited to several hundred nanometers, up to a micrometer. This means that it is extremely difficult to analyze the interfaces between multiple micrometer-thick layers in a sample without the use of additional techniques such as ultralow-angle microtome (ULAM) sectioning.¹ The introduction of fs-LA technology, however, allows micrometers of material to be removed rapidly, enabling the characterization of layered samples.&nbsp;</p><p>As an example, a multi-layer paint specimen (provided by the University of Surrey, UK) was depth profiled using the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2206"><strong>Thermo Scientific™ Hypulse™ Surface Analysis System</strong></a>. The sample consists of an aluminum substrate coated with a 5 µm layer of polyurethane primer followed by a 25 µm PMMA/PVdF topcoat.</p><p>The depth profile was generated using a 1,030 nm laser with an energy of 250 µJ for ablation, along with a 30 µm X-ray spot size for data collection. XPS spectra were collected after each ablation cycle to obtain an atomic concentration plot through both paint layers into the substrate material (Figure 2).&nbsp;</p><p>5 distinct regions throughout the analyzed depth can be seen. The top surface of the sample consists of an adventitious layer of carbon contamination, which is commonly found on samples exposed to air. The second layer is the 25 µm PVdF/PMMA topcoat, and the third layer is the PU primer. Between the primer and the final aluminum substrate layer, a clear increase in adventitious carbon is observed, similar to the signal seen at the top sample surface. This suggests residual carbon contamination was present on the substrate before the paint layers were applied.&nbsp;</p><p>It would take hours to produce the XPS depth profile shown in Figure 2 using traditional ion beam approaches. Even with the use of a monatomic beam with a high energy per atom, the length of the analysis could still be just as long, depending on the sample material, and would sacrifice the chemistry of any organic/polymeric materials. The combination of fs-LA depth profiling and snapshot XPS acquisition, meanwhile, can reduce the experimental time to less than 20 minutes without inducing any chemical damage to the sample surface.</p><h4><strong>Summary&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>One of the most critical aspects of successful polymer XPS depth profiling is the preservation of the sample chemistry during material removal. Additionally, experiment time can be a significant limiting factor, and thicker samples could lead to reduced time for repeat experiments. The femtosecond laser ablation capabilities of the Hypulse Surface Analysis System provide fast, efficient, and chemical-damage-free material removal from a sample surface, enabling analysis multiple micrometers into a sample. This means that hidden sample interfaces, that were largely inaccessible before, can now be analyzed easily and efficiently</p>

News from LabRulezICPMS Library - Week 19, 2026

<p><strong>This study examines the combustion behavior of B4C/Bi2O3 pyrotechnic delay compositions as sustainable alternatives to conventional materials. Thermodynamic modeling and experimental testing were used to evaluate the influence of compaction pressure, particle size, and granule size on burning performance.</strong></p><p>Results showed that increased compaction reduced burning rates by lowering porosity and shifting combustion from convective to conductive mechanisms. Residue and gas analyses supported a multistage reaction pathway, demonstrating the potential of B4C/Bi2O3 formulations for environmentally improved pyrotechnic applications.</p><blockquote><h4><strong>The original article</strong></h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10964"><strong>Sustainable Pyrotechnics: Combustion Behavior of B<sub>4</sub>C/Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> for Delay Compositions</strong></a></h4><p>Danillo F. Vianna Cantini, Vojtěch Pelikán*, Eva Schmidová, Jiří Pachman</p><p>ACS Omega 2026, 11, 3, 4668–4683</p><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c10964">https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c10964</a></p><h6>licensed under <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><strong>CC-BY 4.0</strong></a></h6></blockquote><p><strong>Selected sections from the article follow. Formats and hyperlinks were adapted from the original.</strong></p><div><p>Pyrotechnic delay compositions are formulations designed to create a specific delay time, determined primarily by their burning rate. These compositions are essential in timing energetic events and are used extensively in both civilian and military applications. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(1)</a> This broad usage leads to diverse motivations for studying such materials. In civilian contexts, such as mining, the focus is typically on safety and cost-effectiveness. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(2)</a> For military purposes, reliability and precision are key factors, often with stringent performance requirements. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(3)</a></p><p>Pyrotechnic delay compositions are classified based on their combustion behavior into gassy or gasless types. In confined, sealed and obturated environments, gasless compositions are favored, to avoid gas buildup. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(1,4)</a> However, in unconfined or vented systems, gassy compositions are not problematic. For example, in fireworks, where combustion gases freely dissipate, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(1)</a> or in vented housings like hand grenades or signaling devices, gassy delays are acceptable. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(5,6)</a></p><p>In gassy compositions, the burning rate is influenced by the loading (or consolidation) pressure. Hot gases generated by the chemical reaction penetrate gas channels (voids) in the material, igniting unreacted material through a process known as convective heating. As loading pressure increases, these voids are gradually reduced, which diminishes convection and subsequently lowers the burning rate. In contrast, for gasless compositions, burning is driven by conductive heating, where heat is transferred through direct particle-to-particle contact, leading to the opposite effect. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(7−9)</a></p><p>Historically, up until World War II, black powder served as the foundation for most delay elements. Nowadays, it continues to be utilized for this function and others, but on smaller scales. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(1)</a> Some more recent and traditional formulations for pyrotechnic compositions include fuels like silicon, boron, tungsten, zinc, iron, zirconium, and manganese. Examples of these are Si/Pb3O<sub>4</sub>, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(8,10)</a> B/BaCrO<sub>4</sub> <a href="javascript:void(0);">(8)</a>, W/BaCrO<sub>4</sub>/KClO<sub>4</sub>, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(5,6,11)</a> Zn/PbO<sub>2</sub>, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(12)</a> Fe/BaO<sub>2</sub>, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(13)</a> Zr/KClO<sub>4</sub>, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(8)</a> and Mn/PbCrO<sub>4</sub>/BaCrO<sub>4</sub>. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(14)</a></p><p>Currently, researchers are actively developing several new formulations for pyrotechnic delays. One of the main motivations for this is the need to transform these compositions into “greener” ones. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(1,2)</a> This means that compositions that could cause problems for the environment or human health should be avoided. To achieve this sustainability, the identification and replacement of known or potentially harmful, toxic, and carcinogenic compounds is vital. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(10)</a> Heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants, toxic gases, volatile organic compounds and known causers of human health problems are examples of such substances to be removed. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(2,5,15)</a></p><p>Specifically, there are several attempts to replace lead, barium, chromates, and perchlorates. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(15)</a> The reason is that most of the established delay formulations used today contain these substances. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(2,5)</a> Lead, barium and chromium (contained in chromates) are heavy metals and are known to cause serious health problems in human, specially to nervous, cardiovascular and respiratory systems. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(5,16)</a> Perchlorates are well-documented substances and are used in various pyrotechnic applications. However, they are widely recognized as contributors to thyroid issues. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(5)</a></p><p>From the above, it is clear that modern strategies in pyrotechnics are increasingly focused on developing new materials that prioritize both efficiency and sustainability. This shift imposes numerous restrictions, meaning that formulations must be designed with precise planning and thorough investigation to meet both performance and environmental standards.</p><p>Boron could be considered the ideal fuel for pyrotechnic reactions due to its high energy content. However, it presents combustion issues for its limited reactivity due to boron oxide layer and boron agglomerates formation upon heating. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(17)</a> The boron oxide layer acts as a barrier, hindering oxygen (O) diffusion and consequently limiting the oxidation of boron. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(18)</a></p><p>Boron carbide (B<sub>4</sub>C) is a natural candidate for combustion processes due to its lower ignition point, which is attributed to its higher reactivity. This reactivity stems from the diffusion of carbon (C) particles, which oxidize into gaseous products. These gaseous products create diffusion channels that penetrate the boron oxide layer, breaking down the layer and agglomerates, thereby further improving the reaction. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(18,19)</a> B<sub>4</sub>C presents better combustion properties, with better burning stability and reliable self-propagation, resulting in better combustion efficiency. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(17)</a></p><p>Bismuth trioxide (Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) is an attractive oxidizer for pyrotechnic delay compositions due to several advantageous properties. Its high oxygen content and efficient oxygen release facilitate sustained combustion, while its favorable thermal properties, including a relatively low melting and decomposition temperature, ensure that oxygen is available at precisely the right moment to support a controlled reaction. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(20)</a> Additionally, Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> high density allows for compact formulations, promoting consistent and reliable burn rates. Also, it has a low heat of formation (approximately −582 kJ/mol), which is crucial to minimize the energy required to initiate its decomposition. This enhances the overall reaction efficiency, allowing Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> to rapidly release oxygen without consuming excessive energy, thus ensuring sustainable and stable combustion. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(8)</a></p><p>In addition to their technical advantages, Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and B<sub>4</sub>C offer a significant environmental benefit: they are considered more eco-friendly compared to other materials commonly used in pyrotechnic compositions. Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> serves as a less toxic alternative to traditional oxidizers like lead-based compounds, reducing the risk of environmental contamination and exposure to harmful heavy metals. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(1,8,16)</a> Similarly, B<sub>4</sub>C contributes to cleaner combustion, producing fewer pollutants and minimizing the environmental impact. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(5)</a> This makes both materials not only effective but also greener choices for sustainable pyrotechnic applications.</p><h4><strong>2. Experimental Section</strong></h4><h5><strong>2.8. Material Characterization</strong></h5><p>Particle and granule size distribution were measured with a <strong>Malvern Mastersizer 3000</strong> (Malvern Panalytical). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was carried out with a <strong>TESCAN MIRA</strong> (TESCAN) to examine morphology and confirm particle size. A 40 cm<sup>3</sup> combustion chamber was used to analyze pressure profile, quantify solid residues, and collect combustion gases for further analysis. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was performed using a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2392"><strong>Nicolet iS50 FT-IR</strong></a> (Thermo Scientific) and standardized nitrogen (N<sub>2</sub>) background to identify gas-phase products. Thermal stability and water content assessments were conducted using <strong>TGA</strong> (NETZSCH TG 209 F3 Tarsus) and <strong>DSC</strong> (NETZSCH DSC 200 F3 Maia). Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) was performed using a <strong>Bruker Quantax 200</strong> (Bruker) for semiquantitative chemical composition analysis of the combustion residues. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were performed using a Rigaku MiniFlex diffractometer for complementary phase identification, while surface chemical states were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) using a Scienta Omicron ESCA2SR system.</p><h4><strong>3. Results and Discussion</strong></h4><h5><strong>3.7. FTIR Analysis of Combustion Gases</strong></h5><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10964#fig10">Figure 10</a> compares the FTIR spectra of combustion chamber gases from stoichiometric (blue) and fuel-rich (red) tests, highlighting CO and CO<sub>2</sub> as the main species, consistent with Horiuchi. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(18)</a> Normalizing their absorbance to concentration using standard references yielded CO<sub>2</sub>/CO ratios of 0.67 (stoichiometric) and 0.34 (fuel-rich). However, a quantitative analysis is approximate and inherently imprecise, as potential contamination during gas collection and measurement could affect the results, given the challenge of maintaining a completely controlled internal atmosphere. A small fraction of hydrocarbon species (e.g., CH<sub>4</sub>, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>, and C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>) was also identified in both samples.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ACS_Omega_2026_11_3_4668_4683_Figure_10_Comparative_FTIR_spectra_of_combustion_gas_compositions_in_a_combustion_chamber_ac7b7daf84.jpg" alt="ACS Omega 2026, 11, 3, 4668–4683: Figure 10. Comparative FTIR spectra of combustion gas compositions in a combustion chamber." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ACS_Omega_2026_11_3_4668_4683_Figure_10_Comparative_FTIR_spectra_of_combustion_gas_compositions_in_a_combustion_chamber_ac7b7daf84.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1956" height="989"></p><p>While experimental results indicate a higher CO<sub>2</sub> presence than predicted, the overall trend aligns with expectations─higher fuel content shifts combustion products toward less oxidized species. Notably, the identified gaseous products are relatively simple and exhibit low toxicity compared to halogenated or metal-containing species commonly found in traditional pyrotechnic formulations, supporting the potential of this system as a more environmentally friendly alternative.</p><p>Since the reaction involves both condensed-phase reactants and products, characterizing the solid residues is essential to evaluate the extent of reaction and gain insight into the actual progression of the reaction pathway. For this, SEM imaging and EDS analysis were employed to investigate the morphology and elemental composition of the combustion residues.</p><h5><strong>3.8. SEM and EDS of Burning Residues</strong></h5><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10964#fig11">Figure 11</a> presents the SEM analysis of solid residues from the combustion of B4. <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acsomega.5c10964/suppl_file/ao5c10964_si_001.pdf">Figure S5</a> exhibits images of the other samples. <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10964#fig11">Figure 11</a>a shows the top view of the burned delay element, revealing the distribution of residues across the surface, while <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10964#fig11">Figure 11</a>b provides a magnified view of a region rich in bright spherical structures. These spheres are likely bismuth that transitioned through a liquid or gaseous phase during the reaction and solidified upon cooling. This phenomenon of spherical formation due to phase transition is well-documented in the literature. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(33)</a></p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ACS_Omega_2026_11_3_4668_4683_Figure_11_SEM_analysis_of_B4_after_burning_8fc7a8f520.jpg" alt="ACS Omega 2026, 11, 3, 4668–4683: Figure 11. SEM analysis of B4 after burning: (a) top view (50 ×) of the burned delay element showing the distribution of solid residues across the surface; (b) magnified view (1 k×) of a region rich in bright spherical structures." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ACS_Omega_2026_11_3_4668_4683_Figure_11_SEM_analysis_of_B4_after_burning_8fc7a8f520.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="2092" height="831"></p><h5><strong>3.10. Surface Chemistry of Combustion Residues (XPS)</strong></h5><p>Survey spectrum scans identified the main photoelectron lines corresponding to carbon, oxygen, boron, and bismuth. High-resolution scans for the O 1s, C 1s, B 1s, and Bi 4f regions of B4 are presented in <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10964#fig19">Figure 19</a>, allowing detailed peak deconvolution and chemical assignment.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ACS_Omega_2026_11_3_4668_4683_Figure_19_XPS_high_resolution_spectra_of_O_1s_C_1s_B_1s_and_Bi_4f_regions_for_B4_5c6064d013.jpg" alt="ACS Omega 2026, 11, 3, 4668–4683: Figure 19. XPS high-resolution spectra of O 1s, C 1s, B 1s, and Bi 4f regions for B4." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ACS_Omega_2026_11_3_4668_4683_Figure_19_XPS_high_resolution_spectra_of_O_1s_C_1s_B_1s_and_Bi_4f_regions_for_B4_5c6064d013.jpg 214w," sizes="100vw" width="2049" height="1498"></p><p>The analysis confirmed B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> as a major surface product and indicated the presence of unreacted B<sub>4</sub>C in the B4 sample through B–C bonds. sp<sup>2</sup> carbon was also detected in B4, suggesting possible graphite formation, as predicted in thermodynamic calculations. A2 showed more Bi<sup>3+</sup> than B4, supporting that the stoichiometric composition had more residual Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, while the fuel-rich B4 sample promoted greater reduction to Bi<sup>0</sup>. The presence of Bi<sup>3+</sup> on the surface observed may result from postcombustion reoxidation of Bi<sup>0</sup>. These results reinforce the proposed reaction pathway and the role of fuel excess in enhancing reaction completeness. In this analysis, the B 1s spectrum further confirms the absence of BN by the lack of B–N peaks, consistent with the EDS results, which also revealed no detectable nitrogen signal.</p><p>All experimental findings contribute to the fundamental understanding of boron carbide and bismuth oxide reactions under both basic and applied conditions, particularly in delay compositions. These results provide new insights into the reaction pathway and the underlying combustion mechanism.</p><h4><strong>4. Conclusions</strong></h4><p>Stoichiometric formulations of B<sub>4</sub>C/Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, which ignited when not pressed, failed to burn after being lightly compacted; a fuel-rich composition is necessary to ensure combustion. The fuel-rich compositions ignited readily and maintained combustion without quenching. Water facilitated the granulation process and improved the final composition. With increasing loading pressure, burning rates decrease due to reduced convective heat transfer, leading the combustion process to transition toward a conductive regime. Particle size also impacted combustion, particularly with larger Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> particles, which influenced the combustion profile up to a certain threshold. Additionally, the granule size of the final composition was found to alter the burning behavior, with larger granules promoting faster combustion at lower pressures.</p><p>Thermodynamic calculations provided an initial insight into the reaction process. The findings show that the reaction progresses through distinct stages: starting in a solid–solid preignition phase, transitioning to a solid–liquid phase as components melt, and culminating in a gas phase marked by significant product volatilization, illustrating a complete combustion evolution.</p><p>FTIR analysis confirmed that the main gaseous products are CO and CO<sub>2</sub>, indicating reduced environmental toxicity. Elemental and phase analyses confirmed that the reaction followed the expected pathway, with Bi and B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> as the predominant products. No Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> was detected by XRD, indicating that the oxidizer was fully consumed in the bulk. Morphological analysis of the products suggests that, upon cooling, bismuth solidifies into small metallic spheres, while surface analysis indicates that B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> remains predominantly in the outer layer. Altogether, the results are consistent and complementary, reinforcing the reliability and scientific rigor of the study.</p><p>All these observations accentuate the necessity of conducting experiments under application-specific conditions. These findings not only enhance our understanding of the combustion dynamics of low toxicity B<sub>4</sub>C/Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> mixtures but also underscore their potential for practical applications requiring precise delay times and environmental sustainability. The successful use of water as a green solvent further highlights the viability of developing sustainable pyrotechnic compositions. This research advances the field by providing valuable insights into optimizing performance while minimizing environmental impact through careful material selection and process control.</p></div>

Sustainable Pyrotechnics: Combustion Behavior of B4C/Bi2O3 for Delay Compositions

<p><strong>In the week from May 11, the following webinars await you in the field of atomic and molecular spectroscopy and spectrometry</strong></p><blockquote><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinars"><strong>👉 DETAILS AND REGISTRATION IN THE WEBINARS SECTION</strong></a></h4><p><strong>👉 Search and filter in the largest global database</strong> with over <strong>5 500 GC, LC, MS and spectroscopy webinars</strong>.</p></blockquote><h5><strong>1. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Uncovering Microplastics: Identification, Quantification, and Exposure Assessment</strong></h5><ul><li>Tu, 12.5.2026 08:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6136">Registration</a></li></ul><p>In this webinar, we will explore complementary analytical solutions for comprehensive microplastics characterization.</p><h5><strong>2. SPECTRO Analytical Instruments: Elemental Analysis of Superalloys: Ensuring Performance in Extreme Applications</strong></h5><ul><li>Tu, 12.5.2026 10:30 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6170">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Learn how accurate elemental analysis ensures superalloy performance, with OES and XRF solutions for reliable quality control from lab to field.</p><h5><strong>3. Agilent Technologies: What have you been smoking? Elemental Analysis in Cannabis and Cannabis Products with ICP-MS</strong></h5><ul><li>Tu, 12.5.2026 20:30 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6063">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Learn how automated calibration and dilution streamline ICP-MS food testing workflows, improving accuracy, traceability, and productivity while addressing rare-earth doubly charged interferences.</p><h5><strong>4. AZoM: Faster REE Exploration Decisions with XRF Technology Explained</strong></h5><ul><li>We, 13.5.2026 16:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6195">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Join the webinar to see how handheld XRF provides a significant advantage in today's fast-paced REE landscape.</p><h5><strong>5. Bruker: Advancing Industrial Metrology Automation with Bruker's Dimension AFMs</strong></h5><ul><li>We, 13.5.2026 17:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6172">Registration</a></li></ul><p>This webinar will explore how Dimension AFM platforms support increasing levels of automation, from scripted measurements to data-driven control.</p><h5><strong>6. Anton Paar: Polymer Rheology: Impact of Humidity on Material Behavior</strong></h5><ul><li>We, 13.5.2026 18:00 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/5801">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Discover how humidity impacts polymers and soft materials. Learn how moisture alters rheology, tackiness, curing, and flowability through real case studies across films, adhesives, foods, and powders.</p><h5><strong>7. LECO: TOC Determination in Soil and Waste</strong></h5><ul><li>Th, 14.5.2026 14:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6038">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Join this webinar to explore modern methods for TOC determination in soils and waste. Learn how standardized approaches, instrumentation, and method selection influence data quality and regulatory compliance.</p>

Webinars LabRulezICPMS Week 20/2026

<p><strong>Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezICPMS Library in the week of 11th May 2026? Check out new documents from the field of spectroscopy/spectrometry and related techniques!</strong></p><blockquote><p><span style="font-size:20px;">👉 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library"><span style="font-size:20px;"><strong>SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT SPECTROSCOPY/SPECTROMETRY RELATED TECHNIQUES</strong></span></a></p></blockquote><blockquote><p><strong>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques?</strong> Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library"><strong>LabRulezLCMS</strong></a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library"><strong>LabRulezGCMS</strong></a> libraries.</p></blockquote><p>This week we bring you presentation by<strong> MDCW / Mount Royal University, </strong>application by<strong> Shimadzu, </strong>and brochure by <strong>Thermo Fisher Scientific!</strong></p><h3><strong>1. MDCW / Mount Royal University: An Analysis of Fresh and Used Aircraft Oil: An Indication of Exposure Pathway Possibility to Inorganic and Organic Pollutants</strong></h3><ul><li>Presentation</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/O_4_Hayes_fed01ca35a.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>Aircraft engine oils are highly complex mixtures formulated to meet strict MIL-SPEC requirements for piston, turboprop, and jet engines, often containing proprietary additive packages designed to improve thermal stability, reduce wear, and prevent corrosion. In this presentation at the 17th Multidimensional Chromatography Workshop, Kevin Hayes investigated how aircraft oils change during engine operation and whether these changes could contribute to occupational exposure risks for flight crews and maintenance personnel. The study focused on comparing fresh and used oils from piston, turboprop, and jet aircraft to better understand how inorganic and organic contaminants accumulate or are depleted during normal engine operation.</p><p>The research combined routine multi-element analysis using <strong>ICP-OES</strong> with advanced <strong>GC×GC-TOFMS</strong> speciation analysis. Used piston and turboprop oils were collected with assistance from the MRU Aviation Program, while used jet oil samples were obtained from a private European jet operator. Elemental analysis showed significant differences between new and used oils. In piston engine oils, sulfur and lead concentrations increased substantially during use, with lead accumulation linked to tetraethyl lead (TEL) from 100LL aviation fuel. Phosphorus compounds were also detected in used oils despite not being present in the fresh oil samples, indicating additional contributions from operational processes or additives.</p><p>For jet and turboprop oils, phosphorus-containing additives behaved differently. Fresh oils contained relatively high phosphorus concentrations, but these levels decreased significantly after engine operation, suggesting additive depletion or release of phosphorus-containing compounds during use. The authors highlighted that this may be particularly relevant for bleed-air systems in commercial aircraft, where oil-derived compounds could potentially enter cabin air. GC×GC-TOFMS analysis further identified several organophosphate compounds in piston engine oils. Interestingly, commonly discussed compounds such as tricresyl phosphate (TCP) were not detected, while other organophosphates were observed instead, demonstrating the importance of comprehensive speciation analysis rather than focusing solely on previously suspected contaminants.</p><p>The presentation concluded that aircraft engine oils undergo substantial chemical changes during normal operation, with both inorganic and organic compounds accumulating or being depleted in ways that are not captured by analyses of unused oils alone. While elemental analysis provided valuable first-level insight into wear metals and additive behavior, GC×GC-TOFMS delivered critical molecular-level information about specific contaminant classes and transformation products. Together, the results suggest that current hazard assessments based only on fresh oils may underestimate potential occupational exposure risks and demonstrate the value of combining elemental analysis with advanced multidimensional chromatography for a more complete understanding of aircraft oil-related exposure pathways.</p><h3><strong>2. Shimadzu: Measurement of TOC in Chloroisocyanuric Acid Used as Disinfectant</strong></h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_01_01019_en_4c48146421.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><h4><strong>User Benefits</strong></h4><ul><li>Samples such as chloroisocyanuric acid, which are difficult to detect using a wet oxidation TOC analyzer, can be measured with high sensitivity using the combustion oxidation <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=TOC-L"><strong>TOC-L,</strong></a> which has a strong oxidizing power.</li><li>One sample can be measured quickly, typically within 10-20 minutes.</li></ul><p>In facilities where people have direct contact with water, such as swimming pools, hot springs, and bathhouses, strict water quality management is essential to protect public health and safety. Total organic carbon (TOC) measurement is widely used to detect water quality degradation caused by microbial growth and contamination with foreign substances.&nbsp;</p><p>Solid powder chloroisocyanuric acids (including dichloroisocyanuric acid and trichloroisocyanuric acid), which exhibit minimal chlorine deactivation, are commonly used as disinfectants for swimming pool water instead of sodium hypochlorite solutions. However, because chlorinated isocyanuric acid is a recalcitrant substance, it is challenging to detect using wet oxidation TOC analyzers due to itsresistance to oxidation and decomposition. In contrast, a combustion oxidation TOC analyzer can measure chloroisocyanuric acids with high sensitivity and recovery rates due to itsstrong oxidizing power. In this application, we compared the TOC measurement results for sodium dichloroisocyanurate using a combustion oxidation <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=TOC-LCPH"><strong>TOC-L<sub>CPH</sub></strong></a> analyzer and a wet oxidation <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=TOC-VWP"><strong>TOC-V<sub>WP</sub></strong></a> analyzer.</p><h4><strong>Conclusion</strong></h4><p>The combustion oxidation TOC analyzer demonstrated high accuracy in measuring the samples. Due to its strong oxidizing power, the combustion oxidation TOC analyzer is particularly suitable for measuring TOC in samples containing recalcitrant substances such as sodium dichloroisocyanurate.</p><h3><strong>3. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Exploring the surface in depth with XPS analysis</strong></h3><ul><li>Brochure</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/exploring_surface_depth_xps_analysis_a5a921a258.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><h5><strong>The need for surface and interface analysis&nbsp;</strong></h5><p>In today’s rapidly evolving technological landscape, precise material analysis is crucial for the development and optimization of advanced materials and devices. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is an established technique for the characterization of material surface chemistry, capable of revealing compositional information several nanometers into a sample. Depth profiling is a method that extends the analysis range of XPS; by alternating material removal and XPS analysis, it can reveal how composition changes from the surface to the bulk, or across interfaces between different compounds in a sample. This information can be just as critical as how a material’s surface interacts with its environment, and can provide a more complete picture of the material’s behavior and properties.&nbsp;</p><p>The <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2206"><strong>Thermo Scientific™ Hypulse™ Surface Analysis System</strong></a> is a fully featured XPS instrument with a range of additional analytical capabilities, including reflected electron energy loss spectroscopy (REELS) and low-energy ion scattering spectroscopy (ISS). The system is equipped with a Thermo Scientific MAGCIS Dual-Mode Ion Source and a novel femtosecond laser-ablation system (fs-LA) for XPS depth profiling.&nbsp;</p><p>This eBook explores XPS depth profiling in detail and shows how the Hypulse System is ideally suited for this technique, helping you uncover critical surface and sub-surface information.</p>

News from LabRulezICPMS Library - Week 20, 2026

<p><strong>In the week from May 18, the following webinars await you in the field of atomic and molecular spectroscopy and spectrometry</strong></p><blockquote><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinars"><strong>👉 DETAILS AND REGISTRATION IN THE WEBINARS SECTION</strong></a></h4><p><strong>👉 Search and filter in the largest global database</strong> with over <strong>5 500 GC, LC, MS and spectroscopy webinars</strong>.</p></blockquote><h5><strong>1. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Time to Go PRO: Discover the future of ICP-OES analysis</strong></h5><ul><li>Tu, 19.5.2026 16:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6198">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Explore the Thermo Scientific iCAP PRO Series ICP-OES and discover how AI-driven workflows, robust hardware, and intelligent software improve productivity and analytical performance.</p><h5><strong>2. LECO: Cement Clinker Preparation and Microscopic Examination</strong></h5><ul><li>Tu, 19.5.2026 16:00 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/5974">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Learn how clinker microstructure analysis supports faster process control in Portland cement manufacturing, with metallographic best practices and real-world microscopy examples.</p><h5><strong>3. Bruker: Advanced In-Situ SEM Nanomechanical Characterization with the PI 89 SEM PicoIndenter</strong></h5><ul><li>Tu, 19.5.2026 17:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6182">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Explore advanced SEM-based nanomechanical characterization, including high strain rate nanoindentation and in-situ testing of complex microstructures for materials research.</p><h5><strong>4. Anton Paar: Mastering DSC for Advanced Material Decisions: From Thermal Behavior to Processing Performance</strong></h5><ul><li>We, 20.5.2026 11:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6212">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Join this practical and application-driven session to understand the fundamentals of DSC.</p><h5><strong>5. AZoM: Why Faster Analytics are Critical for Process Control in Oil &amp; Gas</strong></h5><ul><li>We, 20.5.2026 16:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6205">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Learn why faster analytical technologies such as process Raman spectroscopy are becoming essential for real-time process control in the evolving oil &amp; gas and power generation industries.</p><h5><strong>6. Milestone: Digestion of Food &amp; Feed for Nutrient Analysis: Macro and Trace Minerals</strong></h5><ul><li>We, 20.5.2026 16:00 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/5823">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Discover practical microwave digestion workflows for accurate macro- and trace mineral analysis in food and feed, covering challenging matrices, acid selection, and blank control.</p><h5><strong>7. Bruker: Meet Advanced Chemical Profiling 2.0 - Quantitative NMR Automation Software</strong></h5><ul><li>We, 20.5.2026 17:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6178">Registration</a></li></ul><p>ACP 2.0 software empowers laboratories to implement push-button, end-to-end automated NMR workflows across the entire product lifecycle.</p><h5><strong>8. Agilent Technologies: Heavy Metals &amp; Speciation Edition</strong></h5><ul><li>Th, 21.5.2026 08:30 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/5956">Registration</a></li></ul><p>When food meets the lab, ICP-MS measures trace lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic, while LC-ICP-MS reveals species profiles when total numbers do not tell the full story.</p><h5><strong>9. Anton Paar: Expert Winemaking: Monitoring CO2 and O2 to Ensure Final Product Quality</strong></h5><ul><li>Th, 21.5.2026 13:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6179">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Learn how to measure and interpret O₂ and CO₂ in wine. Gain practical insights to control aroma, texture, and quality throughout winemaking for consistent results.</p><h5><strong>10. Wiley: Particulates in your ATMP – Now What?! Methods &amp; Strategies to rescue timelines and improve formulations</strong></h5><ul><li>Th, 21.5.2026 17:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6156">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Discover modern strategies to identify and manage particulates in ATMPs, improving formulation development and protecting clinical timelines.</p>

Webinars LabRulezICPMS Week 21/2026

Hydrogen Production from Biomass Gasification Using Dolomite and Mechanical Mixtures of CaO–MgO–K2CO3

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18th Mass Spectrometry School in Biotechnology and Medicine

28th International Symposium on Advances in Extraction Technologies (ExTech 2026)

The 22nd Biennial National Atomic Spectroscopy Symposium (BNASS 2026)

End-to-end PAT: Connecting advanced analytics and data across the bioprocess lifecycle

Simplifying Through-Container Testing with Raman Spectroscopy in the Pharmaceutical Industry

Bruker Fluorescence Microscopy Solutions: Automated Imaging and Light-Sheet Microscopy