This study examines the combustion behavior of B4C/Bi2O3 pyrotechnic delay compositions as sustainable alternatives to conventional materials. Thermodynamic modeling and experimental testing were used to evaluate the influence of compaction pressure, particle size, and granule size on burning performance.Results showed that increased compaction reduced burning rates by lowering porosity and shifting combustion from convective to conductive mechanisms. Residue and gas analyses supported a multistage reaction pathway, demonstrating the potential of B4C/Bi2O3 formulations for environmentally improved pyrotechnic applications.<blockquote><h4>The original article</h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10964">Sustainable Pyrotechnics: Combustion Behavior of B4C/Bi2O3 for Delay Compositions</a></h4>Danillo F. Vianna Cantini, Vojtěch Pelikán*, Eva Schmidová, Jiří PachmanACS Omega 2026, 11, 3, 4668–4683<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c10964">https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c10964</a><h6>licensed under <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC-BY 4.0</a></h6></blockquote>Selected sections from the article follow. Formats and hyperlinks were adapted from the original.<div>Pyrotechnic delay compositions are formulations designed to create a specific delay time, determined primarily by their burning rate. These compositions are essential in timing energetic events and are used extensively in both civilian and military applications. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(1)</a> This broad usage leads to diverse motivations for studying such materials. In civilian contexts, such as mining, the focus is typically on safety and cost-effectiveness. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(2)</a> For military purposes, reliability and precision are key factors, often with stringent performance requirements. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(3)</a>Pyrotechnic delay compositions are classified based on their combustion behavior into gassy or gasless types. In confined, sealed and obturated environments, gasless compositions are favored, to avoid gas buildup. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(1,4)</a> However, in unconfined or vented systems, gassy compositions are not problematic. For example, in fireworks, where combustion gases freely dissipate, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(1)</a> or in vented housings like hand grenades or signaling devices, gassy delays are acceptable. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(5,6)</a>In gassy compositions, the burning rate is influenced by the loading (or consolidation) pressure. Hot gases generated by the chemical reaction penetrate gas channels (voids) in the material, igniting unreacted material through a process known as convective heating. As loading pressure increases, these voids are gradually reduced, which diminishes convection and subsequently lowers the burning rate. In contrast, for gasless compositions, burning is driven by conductive heating, where heat is transferred through direct particle-to-particle contact, leading to the opposite effect. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(7−9)</a>Historically, up until World War II, black powder served as the foundation for most delay elements. Nowadays, it continues to be utilized for this function and others, but on smaller scales. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(1)</a> Some more recent and traditional formulations for pyrotechnic compositions include fuels like silicon, boron, tungsten, zinc, iron, zirconium, and manganese. Examples of these are Si/Pb3O4, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(8,10)</a> B/BaCrO4 <a href="javascript:void(0);">(8)</a>, W/BaCrO4/KClO4, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(5,6,11)</a> Zn/PbO2, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(12)</a> Fe/BaO2, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(13)</a> Zr/KClO4, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(8)</a> and Mn/PbCrO4/BaCrO4. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(14)</a>Currently, researchers are actively developing several new formulations for pyrotechnic delays. One of the main motivations for this is the need to transform these compositions into “greener” ones. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(1,2)</a> This means that compositions that could cause problems for the environment or human health should be avoided. To achieve this sustainability, the identification and replacement of known or potentially harmful, toxic, and carcinogenic compounds is vital. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(10)</a> Heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants, toxic gases, volatile organic compounds and known causers of human health problems are examples of such substances to be removed. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(2,5,15)</a>Specifically, there are several attempts to replace lead, barium, chromates, and perchlorates. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(15)</a> The reason is that most of the established delay formulations used today contain these substances. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(2,5)</a> Lead, barium and chromium (contained in chromates) are heavy metals and are known to cause serious health problems in human, specially to nervous, cardiovascular and respiratory systems. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(5,16)</a> Perchlorates are well-documented substances and are used in various pyrotechnic applications. However, they are widely recognized as contributors to thyroid issues. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(5)</a>From the above, it is clear that modern strategies in pyrotechnics are increasingly focused on developing new materials that prioritize both efficiency and sustainability. This shift imposes numerous restrictions, meaning that formulations must be designed with precise planning and thorough investigation to meet both performance and environmental standards.Boron could be considered the ideal fuel for pyrotechnic reactions due to its high energy content. However, it presents combustion issues for its limited reactivity due to boron oxide layer and boron agglomerates formation upon heating. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(17)</a> The boron oxide layer acts as a barrier, hindering oxygen (O) diffusion and consequently limiting the oxidation of boron. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(18)</a>Boron carbide (B4C) is a natural candidate for combustion processes due to its lower ignition point, which is attributed to its higher reactivity. This reactivity stems from the diffusion of carbon (C) particles, which oxidize into gaseous products. These gaseous products create diffusion channels that penetrate the boron oxide layer, breaking down the layer and agglomerates, thereby further improving the reaction. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(18,19)</a> B4C presents better combustion properties, with better burning stability and reliable self-propagation, resulting in better combustion efficiency. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(17)</a>Bismuth trioxide (Bi2O3) is an attractive oxidizer for pyrotechnic delay compositions due to several advantageous properties. Its high oxygen content and efficient oxygen release facilitate sustained combustion, while its favorable thermal properties, including a relatively low melting and decomposition temperature, ensure that oxygen is available at precisely the right moment to support a controlled reaction. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(20)</a> Additionally, Bi2O3 high density allows for compact formulations, promoting consistent and reliable burn rates. Also, it has a low heat of formation (approximately −582 kJ/mol), which is crucial to minimize the energy required to initiate its decomposition. This enhances the overall reaction efficiency, allowing Bi2O3 to rapidly release oxygen without consuming excessive energy, thus ensuring sustainable and stable combustion. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(8)</a>In addition to their technical advantages, Bi2O3 and B4C offer a significant environmental benefit: they are considered more eco-friendly compared to other materials commonly used in pyrotechnic compositions. Bi2O3 serves as a less toxic alternative to traditional oxidizers like lead-based compounds, reducing the risk of environmental contamination and exposure to harmful heavy metals. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(1,8,16)</a> Similarly, B4C contributes to cleaner combustion, producing fewer pollutants and minimizing the environmental impact. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(5)</a> This makes both materials not only effective but also greener choices for sustainable pyrotechnic applications.<h4>2. Experimental Section</h4><h5>2.8. Material Characterization</h5>Particle and granule size distribution were measured with a Malvern Mastersizer 3000 (Malvern Panalytical). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was carried out with a TESCAN MIRA (TESCAN) to examine morphology and confirm particle size. A 40 cm3 combustion chamber was used to analyze pressure profile, quantify solid residues, and collect combustion gases for further analysis. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was performed using a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2392">Nicolet iS50 FT-IR</a> (Thermo Scientific) and standardized nitrogen (N2) background to identify gas-phase products. Thermal stability and water content assessments were conducted using TGA (NETZSCH TG 209 F3 Tarsus) and DSC (NETZSCH DSC 200 F3 Maia). Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) was performed using a Bruker Quantax 200 (Bruker) for semiquantitative chemical composition analysis of the combustion residues. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were performed using a Rigaku MiniFlex diffractometer for complementary phase identification, while surface chemical states were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) using a Scienta Omicron ESCA2SR system.<h4>3. Results and Discussion</h4><h5>3.7. FTIR Analysis of Combustion Gases</h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10964#fig10">Figure 10</a> compares the FTIR spectra of combustion chamber gases from stoichiometric (blue) and fuel-rich (red) tests, highlighting CO and CO2 as the main species, consistent with Horiuchi. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(18)</a> Normalizing their absorbance to concentration using standard references yielded CO2/CO ratios of 0.67 (stoichiometric) and 0.34 (fuel-rich). However, a quantitative analysis is approximate and inherently imprecise, as potential contamination during gas collection and measurement could affect the results, given the challenge of maintaining a completely controlled internal atmosphere. A small fraction of hydrocarbon species (e.g., CH4, C2H4, and C2H2) was also identified in both samples.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ACS_Omega_2026_11_3_4668_4683_Figure_10_Comparative_FTIR_spectra_of_combustion_gas_compositions_in_a_combustion_chamber_ac7b7daf84.jpg" alt="ACS Omega 2026, 11, 3, 4668–4683: Figure 10. Comparative FTIR spectra of combustion gas compositions in a combustion chamber." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ACS_Omega_2026_11_3_4668_4683_Figure_10_Comparative_FTIR_spectra_of_combustion_gas_compositions_in_a_combustion_chamber_ac7b7daf84.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1956" height="989">While experimental results indicate a higher CO2 presence than predicted, the overall trend aligns with expectations─higher fuel content shifts combustion products toward less oxidized species. Notably, the identified gaseous products are relatively simple and exhibit low toxicity compared to halogenated or metal-containing species commonly found in traditional pyrotechnic formulations, supporting the potential of this system as a more environmentally friendly alternative.Since the reaction involves both condensed-phase reactants and products, characterizing the solid residues is essential to evaluate the extent of reaction and gain insight into the actual progression of the reaction pathway. For this, SEM imaging and EDS analysis were employed to investigate the morphology and elemental composition of the combustion residues.<h5>3.8. SEM and EDS of Burning Residues</h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10964#fig11">Figure 11</a> presents the SEM analysis of solid residues from the combustion of B4. <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acsomega.5c10964/suppl_file/ao5c10964_si_001.pdf">Figure S5</a> exhibits images of the other samples. <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10964#fig11">Figure 11</a>a shows the top view of the burned delay element, revealing the distribution of residues across the surface, while <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10964#fig11">Figure 11</a>b provides a magnified view of a region rich in bright spherical structures. These spheres are likely bismuth that transitioned through a liquid or gaseous phase during the reaction and solidified upon cooling. This phenomenon of spherical formation due to phase transition is well-documented in the literature. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(33)</a><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ACS_Omega_2026_11_3_4668_4683_Figure_11_SEM_analysis_of_B4_after_burning_8fc7a8f520.jpg" alt="ACS Omega 2026, 11, 3, 4668–4683: Figure 11. SEM analysis of B4 after burning: (a) top view (50 ×) of the burned delay element showing the distribution of solid residues across the surface; (b) magnified view (1 k×) of a region rich in bright spherical structures." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ACS_Omega_2026_11_3_4668_4683_Figure_11_SEM_analysis_of_B4_after_burning_8fc7a8f520.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="2092" height="831"><h5>3.10. Surface Chemistry of Combustion Residues (XPS)</h5>Survey spectrum scans identified the main photoelectron lines corresponding to carbon, oxygen, boron, and bismuth. High-resolution scans for the O 1s, C 1s, B 1s, and Bi 4f regions of B4 are presented in <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10964#fig19">Figure 19</a>, allowing detailed peak deconvolution and chemical assignment.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ACS_Omega_2026_11_3_4668_4683_Figure_19_XPS_high_resolution_spectra_of_O_1s_C_1s_B_1s_and_Bi_4f_regions_for_B4_5c6064d013.jpg" alt="ACS Omega 2026, 11, 3, 4668–4683: Figure 19. XPS high-resolution spectra of O 1s, C 1s, B 1s, and Bi 4f regions for B4." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ACS_Omega_2026_11_3_4668_4683_Figure_19_XPS_high_resolution_spectra_of_O_1s_C_1s_B_1s_and_Bi_4f_regions_for_B4_5c6064d013.jpg 214w," sizes="100vw" width="2049" height="1498">The analysis confirmed B2O3 as a major surface product and indicated the presence of unreacted B4C in the B4 sample through B–C bonds. sp2 carbon was also detected in B4, suggesting possible graphite formation, as predicted in thermodynamic calculations. A2 showed more Bi3+ than B4, supporting that the stoichiometric composition had more residual Bi2O3, while the fuel-rich B4 sample promoted greater reduction to Bi0. The presence of Bi3+ on the surface observed may result from postcombustion reoxidation of Bi0. These results reinforce the proposed reaction pathway and the role of fuel excess in enhancing reaction completeness. In this analysis, the B 1s spectrum further confirms the absence of BN by the lack of B–N peaks, consistent with the EDS results, which also revealed no detectable nitrogen signal.All experimental findings contribute to the fundamental understanding of boron carbide and bismuth oxide reactions under both basic and applied conditions, particularly in delay compositions. These results provide new insights into the reaction pathway and the underlying combustion mechanism.<h4>4. Conclusions</h4>Stoichiometric formulations of B4C/Bi2O3, which ignited when not pressed, failed to burn after being lightly compacted; a fuel-rich composition is necessary to ensure combustion. The fuel-rich compositions ignited readily and maintained combustion without quenching. Water facilitated the granulation process and improved the final composition. With increasing loading pressure, burning rates decrease due to reduced convective heat transfer, leading the combustion process to transition toward a conductive regime. Particle size also impacted combustion, particularly with larger Bi2O3 particles, which influenced the combustion profile up to a certain threshold. Additionally, the granule size of the final composition was found to alter the burning behavior, with larger granules promoting faster combustion at lower pressures.Thermodynamic calculations provided an initial insight into the reaction process. The findings show that the reaction progresses through distinct stages: starting in a solid–solid preignition phase, transitioning to a solid–liquid phase as components melt, and culminating in a gas phase marked by significant product volatilization, illustrating a complete combustion evolution.FTIR analysis confirmed that the main gaseous products are CO and CO2, indicating reduced environmental toxicity. Elemental and phase analyses confirmed that the reaction followed the expected pathway, with Bi and B2O3 as the predominant products. No Bi2O3 was detected by XRD, indicating that the oxidizer was fully consumed in the bulk. Morphological analysis of the products suggests that, upon cooling, bismuth solidifies into small metallic spheres, while surface analysis indicates that B2O3 remains predominantly in the outer layer. Altogether, the results are consistent and complementary, reinforcing the reliability and scientific rigor of the study.All these observations accentuate the necessity of conducting experiments under application-specific conditions. These findings not only enhance our understanding of the combustion dynamics of low toxicity B4C/Bi2O3 mixtures but also underscore their potential for practical applications requiring precise delay times and environmental sustainability. The successful use of water as a green solvent further highlights the viability of developing sustainable pyrotechnic compositions. This research advances the field by providing valuable insights into optimizing performance while minimizing environmental impact through careful material selection and process control.</div>

Sustainable Pyrotechnics: Combustion Behavior of B4C/Bi2O3 for Delay Compositions

In the week from May 11, the following webinars await you in the field of atomic and molecular spectroscopy and spectrometry<blockquote><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinars">👉 DETAILS AND REGISTRATION IN THE WEBINARS SECTION</a></h4>👉 Search and filter in the largest global database with over 5 500 GC, LC, MS and spectroscopy webinars.</blockquote><h5>1. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Uncovering Microplastics: Identification, Quantification, and Exposure Assessment</h5><ul><li>Tu, 12.5.2026 08:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6136">Registration</a></li></ul>In this webinar, we will explore complementary analytical solutions for comprehensive microplastics characterization.<h5>2. SPECTRO Analytical Instruments: Elemental Analysis of Superalloys: Ensuring Performance in Extreme Applications</h5><ul><li>Tu, 12.5.2026 10:30 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6170">Registration</a></li></ul>Learn how accurate elemental analysis ensures superalloy performance, with OES and XRF solutions for reliable quality control from lab to field.<h5>3. Agilent Technologies: What have you been smoking? Elemental Analysis in Cannabis and Cannabis Products with ICP-MS</h5><ul><li>Tu, 12.5.2026 20:30 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6063">Registration</a></li></ul>Learn how automated calibration and dilution streamline ICP-MS food testing workflows, improving accuracy, traceability, and productivity while addressing rare-earth doubly charged interferences.<h5>4. AZoM: Faster REE Exploration Decisions with XRF Technology Explained</h5><ul><li>We, 13.5.2026 16:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6195">Registration</a></li></ul>Join the webinar to see how handheld XRF provides a significant advantage in today's fast-paced REE landscape.<h5>5. Bruker: Advancing Industrial Metrology Automation with Bruker's Dimension AFMs</h5><ul><li>We, 13.5.2026 17:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6172">Registration</a></li></ul>This webinar will explore how Dimension AFM platforms support increasing levels of automation, from scripted measurements to data-driven control.<h5>6. Anton Paar: Polymer Rheology: Impact of Humidity on Material Behavior</h5><ul><li>We, 13.5.2026 18:00 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/5801">Registration</a></li></ul>Discover how humidity impacts polymers and soft materials. Learn how moisture alters rheology, tackiness, curing, and flowability through real case studies across films, adhesives, foods, and powders.<h5>7. LECO: TOC Determination in Soil and Waste</h5><ul><li>Th, 14.5.2026 14:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6038">Registration</a></li></ul>Join this webinar to explore modern methods for TOC determination in soils and waste. Learn how standardized approaches, instrumentation, and method selection influence data quality and regulatory compliance.

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Routine chemical analysis typically involves several steps, e.g. selection of procedure, sampling, sample preparation, measurement, result calculation, uncertainty estimation, and reporting to customer. Based on the result, important decisions and actions are taken. The steps before and after the measurement are often referred to as “pre- and post-analytical”. There are many sources of uncertainty associated with this work, some of which can actually limit the overall quality.&nbsp;Proficiency testing (PT) and external quality assessment (EQA) schemes are effective means of assessing the quality of routine analyses. However, if there are specific procedures, either before or after the measurement, which are applied to the routine samples, but not to the PT test sample, the result reflects only the quality of part of the measurement process. Pre- and post-analytical PT/ EQA schemes are already widely used in laboratory medicine. The standard ISO 15189, that underpins accreditation of medical laboratories, stresses that EQA schemes should “... have the effect of checking the entire process including pre- and post-examination procedures ...”&nbsp;The examples in this leaflet illustrate the potential and importance of pre- and post-analytical PT/EQA. They are intended as an inspiration for the providers to further develop their external quality control activities.<h4>Pre- and post-analytical PT/EQA – a means for harmonisation&nbsp;</h4>By illustrating, e.g. lack of adherence to guidelines, or variation in sample preparation, or inconsistency in interpretation, pre- and post-analytical PT/EQA schemes pinpoint problems not apparent in other schemes. This may lead to improved harmonisation and changes to guidelines and standards.<h4>Example 1: Interpreting clinical chemistry information&nbsp;</h4>Patient background information together with analytical results can be used to check agreement of interpretational advice given by medical doctors. This type of scheme can, therefore, include both pre- and post-analytical aspects. The provider, e.g. through an expert group, ranks the quality of participants’ response and suggestions, and presents them in the report with comments.<h4>Example 2: Sampling requests in microbiology&nbsp;</h4>Using the scenario of food poisoning, pre- &amp; post-analytical aspects of sampling requests in a microbiology scheme can be highlighted. The provider gives information about food type, symptoms, and incubation time with a simulated sample. Participants choose which organism(s) to test for. The associated laboratory work involves examination of samples, report on method(s) of choice and results. Participants could, e.g. be asked to specify which toxins or pathogens are likely to cause the food poisoning and state whether or not they will disseminate information, e.g. to hospitals or food suppliers. The feedback report would then show the results of each participant together with the comments of the provider.&nbsp;<h4>Example 3: Toy testing&nbsp;</h4>Faulty design, usage and chance play a role in injury and death incidents related to children’s toys. Toy safety is the practice of ensuring that toys are safe, usually through the application of set safety standards. The PT provider sources a toy, performs visual assessment of its homogeneity, and distributes the samples. Participants are requested to assess the toy against the European standard EN 71 and they have to decide which clauses of the standard apply. The clauses chosen define the test(s) to be carried out. The feedback report will contain a “model answer” including clauses, tests and labeling requirements (when applicable).&nbsp;<h4>Example 4: Monitoring drinking water quality&nbsp;</h4>A post-analytical application can be underpinned by legislation and national regulations (Directive 98/83/EC). Participants receive a synthetic drinking water sample with properties close to one or more limiting values. They are requested to deliver results, uncertainties and a “pass/fail” recommendation to the customer. The recommendations of the provider are listed in the feedback report for educational purposes. Information can be fed back also to regulators to serve, e.g. as basis for further discussions.&nbsp;<blockquote><h5>More information / further reading&nbsp;</h5>Information about PT providers and schemes can be obtained from your national accreditation body, from the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.eptis.org/">EPTIS website</a> or from other national or international organisations.</blockquote>

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Abbemat refractometers allow fast and non-destructive refractive index and concentration measurements. All instruments of the Performance and Performance Plus lines provide full compliance with 21 CFR Part 11, including user levels, audit trail, and forgery-proof data export. The Abbemat T-Check feature precisely calibrates and adjusts the surface temperature of the measuring prism of all Anton Paar refractometers.We invite you to join us for a webinar aimed at the chemical industry as our specialist, Rene, demonstrates how the Anton Paar Abbemat can improve the quality control process.&nbsp;Objectives:<ul><li>Assure quality while reducing operating errors: enhance accuracy and reliability.</li><li>Comply with international standards: meet global standards and ensure your product meet the highest benchmarks.</li><li>Reduce waste of expensive ingredients: see first hand how precise measurements can minimize ingredient waste, optimizing your resources.</li></ul><blockquote>Presenter: René Nguyen Ph.D. (Product Specialist, Anton Paar)</blockquote>

Anton Paar: Quality Control with the Abbemat in the Chemical Industry

Quality Control with the Abbemat in the Chemical Industry

Webinar aimed at the chemical industry demonstrates how the Anton Paar Abbemat can improve the quality control process. 

During the production and packaging of lithium-ion batteries (LIB) their components are subject to mechanical and thermo-mechanical loading. The mechanical damage to the LIB cell can lead to short circuits which increase the risk of thermal runaway or decrease of the battery capacity and lifetime. Among critical properties of the LIB electrodes belong adhesion and elastic modulus.In this webinar we will present an application of the scratch test method using a wedge blade indenter for determination of adhesion of the electrode active layer.We will also show how elastic modulus, measured by nanoindentation, is related to the formulation of the active electrode layer and how mechanical properties can serve for determining more efficient electrode production process.This webinar is dedicated for all researchers in the Li-ion electrode development and mainly those concerned with mechanical characterization.Key Learning Objectives<ul><li>In this webinar we will demonstrate new methods for measurement of adhesion of functional coatings of lithium-ion battery electrodes and for characterization their mechanical properties.</li></ul>Who should attend?<ul><li>Researchers in the Li-ion electrode development in the battery industry and in academia</li></ul><blockquote>Presenter: Dr. Jiri NohavaDr. Jiri Nohava is the Head of Product Competence &amp; Lead Application Scientist at Materials Surface Characterization unit of Anton Paar. He obtained his PhD in materials science at the Czech Technical University in Prague (Czech Republic).He joined Anton Paar TriTec in 2007 and has since become a specialist in instrumented indentation, tribology and scratch testing. His main task is development of new applications with Anton Paar instruments in frame of scientific and industrial projects. He regularly publishes in peer-reviewed journals and participates at international conferences.</blockquote>

Anton Paar: Nano- and Micromechanical Characterization of Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes: Adhesion and Hardness

Nano- and Micromechanical Characterization of Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes: Adhesion and Hardness

Application of the scratch test method using a wedge blade indenter for determination of adhesion of the electrode active layer

Nano- and Micromechanical Characterization of LIB Electrodes

Solid density, both tapped and skeletal, is an important property used to characterize metal powders and other materials used in the additive manufacturing industry. These properties are important in evaluation of both raw materials and final products. The purity and porosity of both powders and solids/extrusions can be readily determined using skeletal density measurements. And the tapped density can be correlated to bulk volume, particle morphology, and powder flow information.In this webinar, we will show how these properties can be measured with high accuracy and repeatability for powders through extrusions.<blockquote>Presenter: Alyssa Henderson, Ph.D.&nbsp;Dr. Henderson, a Product Manager specializing in semi-solid and solid density meters/porometers and porosimeters at Anton Paar QuantaTec, brings eight years of experience in materials characterization to the role. With three years of focused experience in porous materials, she possesses a deep understanding of the field. Dr. Henderson earned her Ph.D. in materials physics from Florida State University. She has conducted extensive training for over 200 associates and customers globally, covering gas adsorption, solid density, and related theories, techniques, applications, and instruments. Her expertise is recognized through presentations at major conferences, and she provides daily guidance to researchers on experimental design and data interpretation.</blockquote>

Anton Paar: Solid Density in the Additive Manufacturing Industry

Solid Density in the Additive Manufacturing Industry

We will show how these properties can be measured with high accuracy and repeatability for powders through extrusions.

<h4>Beyond the Surface Module 1 - Indentation Series</h4>From Basic to Advanced Indentation Testing is an in-depth webinar series comprising four comprehensive sessions designed to take you from foundational concepts to advanced techniques in indentation testing. By registering for a single webinar, you will automatically be enrolled in the entire series—there's no need to submit separate registrations for each session. This streamlined approach ensures you have access to the full range of topics covered, from introductory principles to sophisticated methods, all aimed at enhancing your expertise and practical skills in materials testing.<h5>This webinar:</h5>December 17, 2024: Indentation Optimization - RoughnessIn this module, we will address the challenges posed by rough surfaces in indentation measurements and explore effective strategies to manage or eliminate these impacts. We will start by defining roughness and its various forms, followed by a detailed examination of how surface roughness affects indentation measurements. The session will also provide insights into mitigating these effects, offering practical techniques and solutions to improve measurement accuracy and reliability.At the end of this webinar, attendees will have a working definition of roughness and its impact on indentation measurements, be able to anticipate these impacts based on sample structure and identify them from data features, and know several approaches to compensate for these impacts.<h5 style="margin-left:0in;">Other webinars in this series:</h5>November 19, 2024:&nbsp;Fundamentals of IndentationThis webinar will provide a comprehensive introduction to the theory and practice of instrumented indentation, covering essential topics such as the goals of indentation testing, the fundamental mechanisms behind it, data interpretation, and property mapping.At the end of this webinar, attendees will be familiar with the fundamental principles of classical and instrumented indentation, understand how indentation is used in the research, development, and manufacture of materials and coatings, be able to interpret common features of indentation data, and identify how indentation results can be relevant to their own work.December 3, 2024: Advanced Indentation - Cyclic ModesIn this webinar, we will delve into the complexities of cyclic indentation modes and the valuable insights they provide. The session will cover fundamental concepts such as cyclic mode principles, examining how they contribute to understanding material behavior under repeated loading conditions. We will explore the relationship between properties and depth, analyze the intricacies of stress and strain in cyclic testing, and review the storage and loss moduli that describe material viscoelastic properties.At the end of this webinar, attendees will be familiar with the core theory and practice of cyclic indentation methods, understand the properties and insights gained from these testing modes, and be able to identify technical challenges that can be addressed with cyclic mode data.January 7, 2025: Indentation Optimization - Soft MaterialsThis webinar focuses on the mechanical behavior of soft materials such as tissues, gels, and polymers, and provides practical strategies for obtaining high-quality indentation data from these materials. We will explore the characteristics of soft materials, including their unique mechanical properties and how they differ from more rigid materials. The module will also cover time-dependent characteristics, examining how the behavior of soft materials changes over time under applied forces. Additionally, we will discuss techniques and best practices for successful indentation of soft materials, ensuring accurate and reliable data collection.At the end of this webinar, attendees will know the characteristics of soft materials relevant to indentation, recognize when material softness affects measurement quality, understand the additional nuances in the indentation of soft materials, and know how to optimize test parameters for these materials.By registering for a single webinar, you will automatically be enrolled in the entire series—there's no need to submit separate registrations for each session. This streamlined approach ensures you have access to the full range of topics covered, from introductory principles to sophisticated methods, all aimed at enhancing your expertise and practical skills in materials testing.<blockquote>Presenter: Mark R HaaseMark R Haase is an Advanced Application Scientist at Anton Paar, and has been with the company for six years. They work with many material characterization techniques, including scratch, indentation, tribology, particle sizing, gas sorption, atomic force microscopy, and rheology. Mark supports the use of these techniques in research and industry with training and method development. Prior to joining Anton Paar, Mark's studies included nanocarbon materials and green energy systems.</blockquote>

Anton Paar: Beyond the Surface Module 1 - Indentation Series: From Basic to Advanced Indentation Testing

Indentation Optimization - Roughness

Beyond the Surface Module 1 - Indentation Series: From Basic to Advanced Indentation Testing

<div><div><div><div>As semiconductor technology proceeds towards nanoscale single crystalline devices, the requirements in material purity and manufacturing accuracy become more grave and demanding. Both semiconductor material R&amp;D and process analytical technology are essential to support the semiconductor line in its advancement.FT-IR stands out as an easy and effective tool to investigate the fundamentals of semiconductors among other techniques. It is non-destructive, fast and highly sensitive for impurity quantification or failure analysis.In line with this, Bruker has held a webinar illustrating how FT-IR can assist in R&amp;D or process control by delivering in-depth analysis of semiconductor materials and devices.<h5>Our Application Expert gives an Overview of:</h5></div><div><div><div><div><div><div><ul><li>Silicon quality control using FT-IR</li><li>Room and low temperature carbon and oxygen quantification in Silicon</li><li>Shallow impurity quantification in Silicon</li><li>Low temperature photoluminescence for Si QC</li><li>Semiconductor device characterization and development (laser, diode, sensors etc.)</li><li>Phonon spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy for band structure studies.</li></ul><h5>Who Should Attend:</h5></div><div><div><div><div><div><div><ul><li>QC managers</li><li>Head of laboratories</li><li>Head of analytics</li><li>Lab technicians</li><li>Researchers</li></ul><blockquote>Presenter: Dr. Dan Wu (Application Manager at Bruker Optics since over 10 years.)</blockquote></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>

Bruker: When IR Light Meets Semiconductor

When IR Light Meets Semiconductor

Bruker has held a webinar illustrating how FT-IR can assist in R&D or process control by delivering in-depth analysis of semiconductor materials and devices.

<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.spectro.com/xrf-principle">Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) technology</a>&nbsp;is transforming elemental analysis in the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.spectro.com/industries/miningandgeochem">mining sector</a>. It provides a rapid and reliable method for analyzing exploration samples, ores, feed materials, concentrates, and tailings, covering concentration ranges from percent to parts per million (ppm).Key advantages of ED-XRF include:<ul><li>Fast analysis time: Delivers results quickly, optimizing workflow efficiency</li><li>Cost-effectiveness: Low operating costs compared to alternative technologies</li><li>Ease of use: User-friendly interfaces reduce the need for extensive training</li><li>Stable calibrations: Long-term calibration stability ensures consistent and accurate results</li></ul>This webinar will showcase how <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.spectro.com/products/xrf-spectrometer">advanced ED-XRF analyzers</a>&nbsp;can tackle common analytical challenges in mining, offering solutions that improve precision and operational efficiency.Attendees will gain insights into:<ul><li>Best practices for selecting the most suitable sample prep depending on the analytical goal</li><li>Innovations in ED-XRF technology that improve analytical performance</li><li>Application examples from graphite to rare earth ores/concentrates covering relevant elements from sodium to uranium</li></ul>

SPECTRO Analytical Instruments: Elemental Analysis in Mining With Advanced ED-XRF Technology

Elemental Analysis in Mining With Advanced ED-XRF Technology 

This webinar shows how advanced ED-XRF analyzers solve common mining challenges, improving analytical precision and boosting operational efficiency.

ICPMS webinars focusing on Material analysis - page 5