This study examines the combustion behavior of B4C/Bi2O3 pyrotechnic delay compositions as sustainable alternatives to conventional materials. Thermodynamic modeling and experimental testing were used to evaluate the influence of compaction pressure, particle size, and granule size on burning performance.Results showed that increased compaction reduced burning rates by lowering porosity and shifting combustion from convective to conductive mechanisms. Residue and gas analyses supported a multistage reaction pathway, demonstrating the potential of B4C/Bi2O3 formulations for environmentally improved pyrotechnic applications.<blockquote><h4>The original article</h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10964">Sustainable Pyrotechnics: Combustion Behavior of B4C/Bi2O3 for Delay Compositions</a></h4>Danillo F. Vianna Cantini, Vojtěch Pelikán*, Eva Schmidová, Jiří PachmanACS Omega 2026, 11, 3, 4668–4683<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c10964">https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c10964</a><h6>licensed under <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC-BY 4.0</a></h6></blockquote>Selected sections from the article follow. Formats and hyperlinks were adapted from the original.<div>Pyrotechnic delay compositions are formulations designed to create a specific delay time, determined primarily by their burning rate. These compositions are essential in timing energetic events and are used extensively in both civilian and military applications. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(1)</a> This broad usage leads to diverse motivations for studying such materials. In civilian contexts, such as mining, the focus is typically on safety and cost-effectiveness. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(2)</a> For military purposes, reliability and precision are key factors, often with stringent performance requirements. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(3)</a>Pyrotechnic delay compositions are classified based on their combustion behavior into gassy or gasless types. In confined, sealed and obturated environments, gasless compositions are favored, to avoid gas buildup. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(1,4)</a> However, in unconfined or vented systems, gassy compositions are not problematic. For example, in fireworks, where combustion gases freely dissipate, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(1)</a> or in vented housings like hand grenades or signaling devices, gassy delays are acceptable. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(5,6)</a>In gassy compositions, the burning rate is influenced by the loading (or consolidation) pressure. Hot gases generated by the chemical reaction penetrate gas channels (voids) in the material, igniting unreacted material through a process known as convective heating. As loading pressure increases, these voids are gradually reduced, which diminishes convection and subsequently lowers the burning rate. In contrast, for gasless compositions, burning is driven by conductive heating, where heat is transferred through direct particle-to-particle contact, leading to the opposite effect. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(7−9)</a>Historically, up until World War II, black powder served as the foundation for most delay elements. Nowadays, it continues to be utilized for this function and others, but on smaller scales. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(1)</a> Some more recent and traditional formulations for pyrotechnic compositions include fuels like silicon, boron, tungsten, zinc, iron, zirconium, and manganese. Examples of these are Si/Pb3O4, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(8,10)</a> B/BaCrO4 <a href="javascript:void(0);">(8)</a>, W/BaCrO4/KClO4, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(5,6,11)</a> Zn/PbO2, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(12)</a> Fe/BaO2, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(13)</a> Zr/KClO4, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(8)</a> and Mn/PbCrO4/BaCrO4. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(14)</a>Currently, researchers are actively developing several new formulations for pyrotechnic delays. One of the main motivations for this is the need to transform these compositions into “greener” ones. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(1,2)</a> This means that compositions that could cause problems for the environment or human health should be avoided. To achieve this sustainability, the identification and replacement of known or potentially harmful, toxic, and carcinogenic compounds is vital. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(10)</a> Heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants, toxic gases, volatile organic compounds and known causers of human health problems are examples of such substances to be removed. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(2,5,15)</a>Specifically, there are several attempts to replace lead, barium, chromates, and perchlorates. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(15)</a> The reason is that most of the established delay formulations used today contain these substances. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(2,5)</a> Lead, barium and chromium (contained in chromates) are heavy metals and are known to cause serious health problems in human, specially to nervous, cardiovascular and respiratory systems. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(5,16)</a> Perchlorates are well-documented substances and are used in various pyrotechnic applications. However, they are widely recognized as contributors to thyroid issues. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(5)</a>From the above, it is clear that modern strategies in pyrotechnics are increasingly focused on developing new materials that prioritize both efficiency and sustainability. This shift imposes numerous restrictions, meaning that formulations must be designed with precise planning and thorough investigation to meet both performance and environmental standards.Boron could be considered the ideal fuel for pyrotechnic reactions due to its high energy content. However, it presents combustion issues for its limited reactivity due to boron oxide layer and boron agglomerates formation upon heating. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(17)</a> The boron oxide layer acts as a barrier, hindering oxygen (O) diffusion and consequently limiting the oxidation of boron. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(18)</a>Boron carbide (B4C) is a natural candidate for combustion processes due to its lower ignition point, which is attributed to its higher reactivity. This reactivity stems from the diffusion of carbon (C) particles, which oxidize into gaseous products. These gaseous products create diffusion channels that penetrate the boron oxide layer, breaking down the layer and agglomerates, thereby further improving the reaction. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(18,19)</a> B4C presents better combustion properties, with better burning stability and reliable self-propagation, resulting in better combustion efficiency. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(17)</a>Bismuth trioxide (Bi2O3) is an attractive oxidizer for pyrotechnic delay compositions due to several advantageous properties. Its high oxygen content and efficient oxygen release facilitate sustained combustion, while its favorable thermal properties, including a relatively low melting and decomposition temperature, ensure that oxygen is available at precisely the right moment to support a controlled reaction. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(20)</a> Additionally, Bi2O3 high density allows for compact formulations, promoting consistent and reliable burn rates. Also, it has a low heat of formation (approximately −582 kJ/mol), which is crucial to minimize the energy required to initiate its decomposition. This enhances the overall reaction efficiency, allowing Bi2O3 to rapidly release oxygen without consuming excessive energy, thus ensuring sustainable and stable combustion. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(8)</a>In addition to their technical advantages, Bi2O3 and B4C offer a significant environmental benefit: they are considered more eco-friendly compared to other materials commonly used in pyrotechnic compositions. Bi2O3 serves as a less toxic alternative to traditional oxidizers like lead-based compounds, reducing the risk of environmental contamination and exposure to harmful heavy metals. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(1,8,16)</a> Similarly, B4C contributes to cleaner combustion, producing fewer pollutants and minimizing the environmental impact. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(5)</a> This makes both materials not only effective but also greener choices for sustainable pyrotechnic applications.<h4>2. Experimental Section</h4><h5>2.8. Material Characterization</h5>Particle and granule size distribution were measured with a Malvern Mastersizer 3000 (Malvern Panalytical). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was carried out with a TESCAN MIRA (TESCAN) to examine morphology and confirm particle size. A 40 cm3 combustion chamber was used to analyze pressure profile, quantify solid residues, and collect combustion gases for further analysis. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was performed using a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2392">Nicolet iS50 FT-IR</a> (Thermo Scientific) and standardized nitrogen (N2) background to identify gas-phase products. Thermal stability and water content assessments were conducted using TGA (NETZSCH TG 209 F3 Tarsus) and DSC (NETZSCH DSC 200 F3 Maia). Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) was performed using a Bruker Quantax 200 (Bruker) for semiquantitative chemical composition analysis of the combustion residues. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were performed using a Rigaku MiniFlex diffractometer for complementary phase identification, while surface chemical states were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) using a Scienta Omicron ESCA2SR system.<h4>3. Results and Discussion</h4><h5>3.7. FTIR Analysis of Combustion Gases</h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10964#fig10">Figure 10</a> compares the FTIR spectra of combustion chamber gases from stoichiometric (blue) and fuel-rich (red) tests, highlighting CO and CO2 as the main species, consistent with Horiuchi. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(18)</a> Normalizing their absorbance to concentration using standard references yielded CO2/CO ratios of 0.67 (stoichiometric) and 0.34 (fuel-rich). However, a quantitative analysis is approximate and inherently imprecise, as potential contamination during gas collection and measurement could affect the results, given the challenge of maintaining a completely controlled internal atmosphere. A small fraction of hydrocarbon species (e.g., CH4, C2H4, and C2H2) was also identified in both samples.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ACS_Omega_2026_11_3_4668_4683_Figure_10_Comparative_FTIR_spectra_of_combustion_gas_compositions_in_a_combustion_chamber_ac7b7daf84.jpg" alt="ACS Omega 2026, 11, 3, 4668–4683: Figure 10. Comparative FTIR spectra of combustion gas compositions in a combustion chamber." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ACS_Omega_2026_11_3_4668_4683_Figure_10_Comparative_FTIR_spectra_of_combustion_gas_compositions_in_a_combustion_chamber_ac7b7daf84.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1956" height="989">While experimental results indicate a higher CO2 presence than predicted, the overall trend aligns with expectations─higher fuel content shifts combustion products toward less oxidized species. Notably, the identified gaseous products are relatively simple and exhibit low toxicity compared to halogenated or metal-containing species commonly found in traditional pyrotechnic formulations, supporting the potential of this system as a more environmentally friendly alternative.Since the reaction involves both condensed-phase reactants and products, characterizing the solid residues is essential to evaluate the extent of reaction and gain insight into the actual progression of the reaction pathway. For this, SEM imaging and EDS analysis were employed to investigate the morphology and elemental composition of the combustion residues.<h5>3.8. SEM and EDS of Burning Residues</h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10964#fig11">Figure 11</a> presents the SEM analysis of solid residues from the combustion of B4. <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acsomega.5c10964/suppl_file/ao5c10964_si_001.pdf">Figure S5</a> exhibits images of the other samples. <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10964#fig11">Figure 11</a>a shows the top view of the burned delay element, revealing the distribution of residues across the surface, while <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10964#fig11">Figure 11</a>b provides a magnified view of a region rich in bright spherical structures. These spheres are likely bismuth that transitioned through a liquid or gaseous phase during the reaction and solidified upon cooling. This phenomenon of spherical formation due to phase transition is well-documented in the literature. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(33)</a><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ACS_Omega_2026_11_3_4668_4683_Figure_11_SEM_analysis_of_B4_after_burning_8fc7a8f520.jpg" alt="ACS Omega 2026, 11, 3, 4668–4683: Figure 11. SEM analysis of B4 after burning: (a) top view (50 ×) of the burned delay element showing the distribution of solid residues across the surface; (b) magnified view (1 k×) of a region rich in bright spherical structures." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ACS_Omega_2026_11_3_4668_4683_Figure_11_SEM_analysis_of_B4_after_burning_8fc7a8f520.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="2092" height="831"><h5>3.10. Surface Chemistry of Combustion Residues (XPS)</h5>Survey spectrum scans identified the main photoelectron lines corresponding to carbon, oxygen, boron, and bismuth. High-resolution scans for the O 1s, C 1s, B 1s, and Bi 4f regions of B4 are presented in <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10964#fig19">Figure 19</a>, allowing detailed peak deconvolution and chemical assignment.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ACS_Omega_2026_11_3_4668_4683_Figure_19_XPS_high_resolution_spectra_of_O_1s_C_1s_B_1s_and_Bi_4f_regions_for_B4_5c6064d013.jpg" alt="ACS Omega 2026, 11, 3, 4668–4683: Figure 19. XPS high-resolution spectra of O 1s, C 1s, B 1s, and Bi 4f regions for B4." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ACS_Omega_2026_11_3_4668_4683_Figure_19_XPS_high_resolution_spectra_of_O_1s_C_1s_B_1s_and_Bi_4f_regions_for_B4_5c6064d013.jpg 214w," sizes="100vw" width="2049" height="1498">The analysis confirmed B2O3 as a major surface product and indicated the presence of unreacted B4C in the B4 sample through B–C bonds. sp2 carbon was also detected in B4, suggesting possible graphite formation, as predicted in thermodynamic calculations. A2 showed more Bi3+ than B4, supporting that the stoichiometric composition had more residual Bi2O3, while the fuel-rich B4 sample promoted greater reduction to Bi0. The presence of Bi3+ on the surface observed may result from postcombustion reoxidation of Bi0. These results reinforce the proposed reaction pathway and the role of fuel excess in enhancing reaction completeness. In this analysis, the B 1s spectrum further confirms the absence of BN by the lack of B–N peaks, consistent with the EDS results, which also revealed no detectable nitrogen signal.All experimental findings contribute to the fundamental understanding of boron carbide and bismuth oxide reactions under both basic and applied conditions, particularly in delay compositions. These results provide new insights into the reaction pathway and the underlying combustion mechanism.<h4>4. Conclusions</h4>Stoichiometric formulations of B4C/Bi2O3, which ignited when not pressed, failed to burn after being lightly compacted; a fuel-rich composition is necessary to ensure combustion. The fuel-rich compositions ignited readily and maintained combustion without quenching. Water facilitated the granulation process and improved the final composition. With increasing loading pressure, burning rates decrease due to reduced convective heat transfer, leading the combustion process to transition toward a conductive regime. Particle size also impacted combustion, particularly with larger Bi2O3 particles, which influenced the combustion profile up to a certain threshold. Additionally, the granule size of the final composition was found to alter the burning behavior, with larger granules promoting faster combustion at lower pressures.Thermodynamic calculations provided an initial insight into the reaction process. The findings show that the reaction progresses through distinct stages: starting in a solid–solid preignition phase, transitioning to a solid–liquid phase as components melt, and culminating in a gas phase marked by significant product volatilization, illustrating a complete combustion evolution.FTIR analysis confirmed that the main gaseous products are CO and CO2, indicating reduced environmental toxicity. Elemental and phase analyses confirmed that the reaction followed the expected pathway, with Bi and B2O3 as the predominant products. No Bi2O3 was detected by XRD, indicating that the oxidizer was fully consumed in the bulk. Morphological analysis of the products suggests that, upon cooling, bismuth solidifies into small metallic spheres, while surface analysis indicates that B2O3 remains predominantly in the outer layer. Altogether, the results are consistent and complementary, reinforcing the reliability and scientific rigor of the study.All these observations accentuate the necessity of conducting experiments under application-specific conditions. These findings not only enhance our understanding of the combustion dynamics of low toxicity B4C/Bi2O3 mixtures but also underscore their potential for practical applications requiring precise delay times and environmental sustainability. The successful use of water as a green solvent further highlights the viability of developing sustainable pyrotechnic compositions. This research advances the field by providing valuable insights into optimizing performance while minimizing environmental impact through careful material selection and process control.</div>

Sustainable Pyrotechnics: Combustion Behavior of B4C/Bi2O3 for Delay Compositions

In the week from May 11, the following webinars await you in the field of atomic and molecular spectroscopy and spectrometry<blockquote><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinars">👉 DETAILS AND REGISTRATION IN THE WEBINARS SECTION</a></h4>👉 Search and filter in the largest global database with over 5 500 GC, LC, MS and spectroscopy webinars.</blockquote><h5>1. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Uncovering Microplastics: Identification, Quantification, and Exposure Assessment</h5><ul><li>Tu, 12.5.2026 08:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6136">Registration</a></li></ul>In this webinar, we will explore complementary analytical solutions for comprehensive microplastics characterization.<h5>2. SPECTRO Analytical Instruments: Elemental Analysis of Superalloys: Ensuring Performance in Extreme Applications</h5><ul><li>Tu, 12.5.2026 10:30 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6170">Registration</a></li></ul>Learn how accurate elemental analysis ensures superalloy performance, with OES and XRF solutions for reliable quality control from lab to field.<h5>3. Agilent Technologies: What have you been smoking? Elemental Analysis in Cannabis and Cannabis Products with ICP-MS</h5><ul><li>Tu, 12.5.2026 20:30 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6063">Registration</a></li></ul>Learn how automated calibration and dilution streamline ICP-MS food testing workflows, improving accuracy, traceability, and productivity while addressing rare-earth doubly charged interferences.<h5>4. AZoM: Faster REE Exploration Decisions with XRF Technology Explained</h5><ul><li>We, 13.5.2026 16:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6195">Registration</a></li></ul>Join the webinar to see how handheld XRF provides a significant advantage in today's fast-paced REE landscape.<h5>5. Bruker: Advancing Industrial Metrology Automation with Bruker's Dimension AFMs</h5><ul><li>We, 13.5.2026 17:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6172">Registration</a></li></ul>This webinar will explore how Dimension AFM platforms support increasing levels of automation, from scripted measurements to data-driven control.<h5>6. Anton Paar: Polymer Rheology: Impact of Humidity on Material Behavior</h5><ul><li>We, 13.5.2026 18:00 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/5801">Registration</a></li></ul>Discover how humidity impacts polymers and soft materials. Learn how moisture alters rheology, tackiness, curing, and flowability through real case studies across films, adhesives, foods, and powders.<h5>7. LECO: TOC Determination in Soil and Waste</h5><ul><li>Th, 14.5.2026 14:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6038">Registration</a></li></ul>Join this webinar to explore modern methods for TOC determination in soils and waste. Learn how standardized approaches, instrumentation, and method selection influence data quality and regulatory compliance.

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Routine chemical analysis typically involves several steps, e.g. selection of procedure, sampling, sample preparation, measurement, result calculation, uncertainty estimation, and reporting to customer. Based on the result, important decisions and actions are taken. The steps before and after the measurement are often referred to as “pre- and post-analytical”. There are many sources of uncertainty associated with this work, some of which can actually limit the overall quality.&nbsp;Proficiency testing (PT) and external quality assessment (EQA) schemes are effective means of assessing the quality of routine analyses. However, if there are specific procedures, either before or after the measurement, which are applied to the routine samples, but not to the PT test sample, the result reflects only the quality of part of the measurement process. Pre- and post-analytical PT/ EQA schemes are already widely used in laboratory medicine. The standard ISO 15189, that underpins accreditation of medical laboratories, stresses that EQA schemes should “... have the effect of checking the entire process including pre- and post-examination procedures ...”&nbsp;The examples in this leaflet illustrate the potential and importance of pre- and post-analytical PT/EQA. They are intended as an inspiration for the providers to further develop their external quality control activities.<h4>Pre- and post-analytical PT/EQA – a means for harmonisation&nbsp;</h4>By illustrating, e.g. lack of adherence to guidelines, or variation in sample preparation, or inconsistency in interpretation, pre- and post-analytical PT/EQA schemes pinpoint problems not apparent in other schemes. This may lead to improved harmonisation and changes to guidelines and standards.<h4>Example 1: Interpreting clinical chemistry information&nbsp;</h4>Patient background information together with analytical results can be used to check agreement of interpretational advice given by medical doctors. This type of scheme can, therefore, include both pre- and post-analytical aspects. The provider, e.g. through an expert group, ranks the quality of participants’ response and suggestions, and presents them in the report with comments.<h4>Example 2: Sampling requests in microbiology&nbsp;</h4>Using the scenario of food poisoning, pre- &amp; post-analytical aspects of sampling requests in a microbiology scheme can be highlighted. The provider gives information about food type, symptoms, and incubation time with a simulated sample. Participants choose which organism(s) to test for. The associated laboratory work involves examination of samples, report on method(s) of choice and results. Participants could, e.g. be asked to specify which toxins or pathogens are likely to cause the food poisoning and state whether or not they will disseminate information, e.g. to hospitals or food suppliers. The feedback report would then show the results of each participant together with the comments of the provider.&nbsp;<h4>Example 3: Toy testing&nbsp;</h4>Faulty design, usage and chance play a role in injury and death incidents related to children’s toys. Toy safety is the practice of ensuring that toys are safe, usually through the application of set safety standards. The PT provider sources a toy, performs visual assessment of its homogeneity, and distributes the samples. Participants are requested to assess the toy against the European standard EN 71 and they have to decide which clauses of the standard apply. The clauses chosen define the test(s) to be carried out. The feedback report will contain a “model answer” including clauses, tests and labeling requirements (when applicable).&nbsp;<h4>Example 4: Monitoring drinking water quality&nbsp;</h4>A post-analytical application can be underpinned by legislation and national regulations (Directive 98/83/EC). Participants receive a synthetic drinking water sample with properties close to one or more limiting values. They are requested to deliver results, uncertainties and a “pass/fail” recommendation to the customer. The recommendations of the provider are listed in the feedback report for educational purposes. Information can be fed back also to regulators to serve, e.g. as basis for further discussions.&nbsp;<blockquote><h5>More information / further reading&nbsp;</h5>Information about PT providers and schemes can be obtained from your national accreditation body, from the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.eptis.org/">EPTIS website</a> or from other national or international organisations.</blockquote>

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We will discuss each of the above techniques and outline the advantages and challenges of each.
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Presenter: Paul Krampitz (Application Scientist, Agilent Technologies, Inc.)
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Paul is a graduate of Bowling Green State University with a Chemistry Bachelor of Science degree. Twenty – five years of Spectroscopy experience mainly Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) Spectroscopy as well as ICP-MS and AAS. His experience also includes X-Ray Fluorescence (ED, WD), Laser Ablation, Inorganic Speciation and Microwave Plasma Spectroscopy. Market Segment expertise includes environmental, petrochemical, metallurgical applications.
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Agilent Technologies: Learn Why Atomic Absorption, MicroWave, and ICP Plasma Spectroscopy are the Perfect Tools for Both a Teaching and Research Environment

Learn Why Atomic Absorption, MicroWave, and ICP Plasma Spectroscopy are the Perfect Tools for Both a Teaching and Research Environment

We will discuss each of the above techniques and outline the advantages and challenges of each.

Learn Why Atomic Absorption, MicroWave, and ICP

<h4>Beyond the Surface Module 1 - Indentation Series</h4>From Basic to Advanced Indentation Testing is an in-depth webinar series comprising four comprehensive sessions designed to take you from foundational concepts to advanced techniques in indentation testing. By registering for a single webinar, you will automatically be enrolled in the entire series—there's no need to submit separate registrations for each session. This streamlined approach ensures you have access to the full range of topics covered, from introductory principles to sophisticated methods, all aimed at enhancing your expertise and practical skills in materials testing.<h5>This webinar:</h5>November 19, 2024:&nbsp;Fundamentals of IndentationThis webinar will provide a comprehensive introduction to the theory and practice of instrumented indentation, covering essential topics such as the goals of indentation testing, the fundamental mechanisms behind it, data interpretation, and property mapping.At the end of this webinar, attendees will be familiar with the fundamental principles of classical and instrumented indentation, understand how indentation is used in the research, development, and manufacture of materials and coatings, be able to interpret common features of indentation data, and identify how indentation results can be relevant to their own work.<h5 style="margin-left:0in;">Other webinars in this series:</h5>December 3, 2024: Advanced Indentation - Cyclic ModesIn this webinar, we will delve into the complexities of cyclic indentation modes and the valuable insights they provide. The session will cover fundamental concepts such as cyclic mode principles, examining how they contribute to understanding material behavior under repeated loading conditions. We will explore the relationship between properties and depth, analyze the intricacies of stress and strain in cyclic testing, and review the storage and loss moduli that describe material viscoelastic properties.At the end of this webinar, attendees will be familiar with the core theory and practice of cyclic indentation methods, understand the properties and insights gained from these testing modes, and be able to identify technical challenges that can be addressed with cyclic mode data.December 17, 2024: Indentation Optimization - RoughnessIn this module, we will address the challenges posed by rough surfaces in indentation measurements and explore effective strategies to manage or eliminate these impacts. We will start by defining roughness and its various forms, followed by a detailed examination of how surface roughness affects indentation measurements. The session will also provide insights into mitigating these effects, offering practical techniques and solutions to improve measurement accuracy and reliability.At the end of this webinar, attendees will have a working definition of roughness and its impact on indentation measurements, be able to anticipate these impacts based on sample structure and identify them from data features, and know several approaches to compensate for these impacts.January 7, 2025: Indentation Optimization - Soft MaterialsThis webinar focuses on the mechanical behavior of soft materials such as tissues, gels, and polymers, and provides practical strategies for obtaining high-quality indentation data from these materials. We will explore the characteristics of soft materials, including their unique mechanical properties and how they differ from more rigid materials. The module will also cover time-dependent characteristics, examining how the behavior of soft materials changes over time under applied forces. Additionally, we will discuss techniques and best practices for successful indentation of soft materials, ensuring accurate and reliable data collection.At the end of this webinar, attendees will know the characteristics of soft materials relevant to indentation, recognize when material softness affects measurement quality, understand the additional nuances in the indentation of soft materials, and know how to optimize test parameters for these materials.By registering for a single webinar, you will automatically be enrolled in the entire series—there's no need to submit separate registrations for each session. This streamlined approach ensures you have access to the full range of topics covered, from introductory principles to sophisticated methods, all aimed at enhancing your expertise and practical skills in materials testing.<blockquote>Presenter: Mark R HaaseMark R Haase is an Advanced Application Scientist at Anton Paar, and has been with the company for six years. They work with many material characterization techniques, including scratch, indentation, tribology, particle sizing, gas sorption, atomic force microscopy, and rheology. Mark supports the use of these techniques in research and industry with training and method development. Prior to joining Anton Paar, Mark's studies included nanocarbon materials and green energy systems.</blockquote>

Anton Paar: Beyond the Surface Module 1 - Indentation Series: From Basic to Advanced Indentation Testing

Fundamentals of Indentation

Beyond the Surface Module 1 - Indentation Series: From Basic to Advanced Indentation Testing

Indentation Series: Fundamentals of Indentation

Just one analysis for multiple chemical and physical parameters – Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) is a fast and highly efficient solution to consolidate your quality control to a single analytical method.In our upcoming webinar on November 7, Maria Cartez and Andreas Agerer, Product and Application Specialists NIRS at Metrohm International Headquarters, will give you a brief introduction to NIRS. They will then show you how this technology can be combined with robotic sampling to maximize sample throughput in a fully automated workflow. Next, they will show you how your titrations can also be integrated, making this platform approach a multi-method solution for your daily routine analysis.In the final part of the webinar Maria and Andreas will present application examples from different industries, such as multi-parameter analysis in edible oils and moisture content in lyophilized pharmaceutical samples, to illustrate the benefits of automated NIRS analysis.Register now for this virtual event; we are looking forward to welcome you!Key learnings of this webinar:<ul><li>Near-Infrared Spectroscopy - how does it work?</li><li>How to maximize sample throughput using latest automation solutions</li><li>Examples of NIRS automation applications for the analysis of foodstuffs, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals</li><li>How to consolidate your titrations and NIR parameters to a single platform</li></ul>Who should attend?Lab managers, lab technicians, QC managers, chemists.<blockquote>Presenter: Maria Cartes (Product Specialist Spectroscopy, Metrohm International Headquarters)Dr. Maria Cartes studied chemistry. After finishing her PhD studies on ethylene polymerization at the University of Seville (Spain), she moved to Switzerland to work as a postdoc. In 2021, Maria joined Metrohm where she works as Product Specialist in the Competence Center Spectroscopy, providing international support and product training for NIRS.Presenter: Andreas Agerer (Application Specialist NIRS, Metrohm International Headquarters)Andreas Agerer is an Application Specialist at Metrohm AG, working in the Competence Center Spectroscopy since 2018. In this time, he has been responsible for developing NIRS methods tailored to new application areas and supporting sales teams during feasibility studies. Andreas completed his university graduate work in the field of polymer analysis using vibrational spectroscopy.</blockquote>

Metrohm: Transfrom your QC Workflow: Near-Infrared Spectroscopy meets Automation

Transform your QC Workflow: Near-Infrared Spectroscopy meets Automation

We will give you a brief introduction to NIRS and show you how this technology can be combined with robotic sampling

Near-Infrared Spectroscopy meets Automation

In this 4-part session you will gain insights and understanding of what you can do in the battery industry with varied technologies. From investigating solutes and electrodes, following battery cell behavior, and in situ research on energy storage materials the Bruker Scientists are sharing a wealth of knowledge for your research.Session 1: 11:00 a.m.<h5>Powering the Future: Analytical Methods in Battery Research</h5>Chemical understanding of batteries is essential for enhancing their performance, longevity, and safety. This session will highlight the role that analytical techniques play in battery research and development. By offering deep insights into the chemical, structural, and electrochemical properties of energy storage materials, these methods enable researchers to drive innovation and solve complex challenges. We'll provide an overview of key analytical approaches, including spectroscopy, solid-state NMR, and X-ray diffraction, and discuss their applications in advancing battery technology.Session 2: 11:25 a.m.<h5>Spectroelectrochemical Setup for Probing Reactions on Electrodes and in Electrolytes</h5>Electrochemistry combined with vibrational spectroscopy provides powerful insights into electrochemical reactions and battery research through unique infrared and Raman signatures. The session will cover accessories, setup optimization, and applications like electro-oxidation of metal-organic complexes and lithium battery interface mapping.Session 3: 11:50 a.m.<h5>Advancements and Challenges of Solid-State NMR Technology for Battery Research</h5>Solid-State Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a characterization technique applied to investigate the structural changes of/in battery materials. Advanced NMR approaches can be used to track and examine ion-exchange/diffusion across interfaces, electrolyte decomposition, dendrite formation, storage behavior of an electrode etc. during or following charging/discharging in order to understand electrochemical processes and improve battery properties.Session 4: 12:15 p.m.<h5>Charge and Structure: Understanding Batteries Through X-Ray Diffraction</h5>X-ray diffraction (XRD) serves as a powerful tool for elucidating the structural properties of battery materials at the atomic scale. Modern XRD techniques can be used to understand the effects of cycling and synthesis methods on electrode stability and efficiency, ultimately guiding the development of next-generation energy storage solutions.Key Learning Objectives:<ul><li>Gain an overview of current trends in battery technology.</li><li>Understand the key components of battery chemistry and design.</li><li>Learn about future trends in battery development and energy storage.</li></ul>Who Should Attend:<ul><li>Laboratory managers</li><li>Batteries developers</li><li>Electrochemical researchers</li></ul><blockquote>Presenter: Federico Paruzzo, PhD (Academic Market Project Manager, Bruker BBIO)Presenter: Sergey Shilov, PhD (NA Product Manager, Science, Bruker Optics)Presenter: Edina Sic (Solutions Product Manager, Academic Battery Research, Bruker BioSpin Group)Presenter: Nick Rodesney (XRD Applications Scientist, Bruker)Presenter: Ann Thayer (Contributing Editor, C&amp;EN Media Group)</blockquote>

The Science of Batteries

In this 4-part session you will gain insights and understanding of what you can do in the battery industry with varied technologies.

From Basic to Advanced of Scratch is a course with three sessions, in which participants will explore strategies for optimizing test parameters, defining critical loads, and utilizing advanced quantitative techniques such as wedge blade testing and coating recovery. This series is designed to enhance your ability to accurately assess and interpret scratch test data, providing insights that are directly applicable to a wide range of material testing scenarios.<h3>January 21, 2025:&nbsp;Fundamentals of Scratch&nbsp;</h3>This webinar provides a thorough introduction to the theory and practice of instrumented scratch testing, a critical method for evaluating the mechanical properties of materials under stress. Key topics include the goals of scratch testing, offering insight into why this technique is essential for understanding material behavior. We will explore the fundamental mechanisms that drive scratch testing, review important testing heuristics that guide experimental setups, and discuss strategies for data interpretation to ensure accurate and meaningful results.By the end of this webinar, participants will have a solid foundation in scratch testing techniques and their practical applications in material analysis.<div><div><blockquote>Presenter: Mark R HaaseMark R Haase is an Advanced Application Scientist at Anton Paar, and has been with the company for six years. They work with many material characterization techniques, including scratch, indentation, tribology, particle sizing, gas sorption, atomic force microscopy, and rheology. Mark supports the use of these techniques in research and industry with training and method development. Prior to joining Anton Paar, Mark's studies included nanocarbon materials and green energy systems.</blockquote></div></div>

Anton Paar: Beyond the Surface Module 2 - Scratch Series: From Basic to Advanced Scratch

Fundamentals of Scratch

An introduction to the theory of instrumented scratch testing, a critical method for evaluating the mechanical properties of materials under stress.

Scratch Series: Fundamentals of Scratch

From Basic to Advanced of Scratch is a course with three sessions, in which participants will explore strategies for optimizing test parameters, defining critical loads, and utilizing advanced quantitative techniques such as wedge blade testing and coating recovery. This series is designed to enhance your ability to accurately assess and interpret scratch test data, providing insights that are directly applicable to a wide range of material testing scenarios.<h3>February 4, 2025: Scratch Measurement Optimization</h3>Explore how to fine-tune scratch test parameters for your specific needs. This session covers defining critical loads, understanding indenter geometries, and optimizing test settings to focus on the most relevant aspects of scratch testing for your work. Whether you're assessing coatings or material durability, this webinar will equip you with practical strategies to enhance the accuracy and relevance of your scratch tests. By the end of this webinar, attendees will be equipped with with a deeper understanding of how to define and apply critical loads for various materials, select the most appropriate indenter geometries, and optimize key test parameters for enhanced performance. You’ll leave with actionable techniques to tailor scratch testing to your specific applications, ensuring more precise, reliable, and relevant results in your material characterization efforts.<div><div><blockquote>Presenter: Mark R HaaseMark R Haase is an Advanced Application Scientist at Anton Paar, and has been with the company for six years. They work with many material characterization techniques, including scratch, indentation, tribology, particle sizing, gas sorption, atomic force microscopy, and rheology. Mark supports the use of these techniques in research and industry with training and method development. Prior to joining Anton Paar, Mark's studies included nanocarbon materials and green energy systems.</blockquote></div></div>

Scratch Measurement Optimization

Explore how to fine-tune scratch test parameters for your specific needs. 

Scratch Series: Scratch Measurement Optimization

Different Cones / Nebulizers / Sample Introduction Systems .. Where and When to Use them<blockquote>Presenter: Bert Woods (Application Scientist, Agilent Technologies, Inc.)Joined the Agilent ICP-MS team in 2004, with previous employment in the semiconductor industry with Dominion Semiconductor (IBM/Toshiba) and Micron. Bert is a 1997 Chemistry graduate of Radford University in Virginia and an avid Washington DC Sports fan.</blockquote>

Agilent Technologies: Different Cones / Nebulizers / Sample Introduction Systems .. Where and When to Use them

Different Cones / Nebulizers / Sample Introduction Systems .. Where and When to Use them

Different Cones/Nebulizers: When and Where to Use Them

In this webinar, Anton Paar will showcase the significant benefits of using a refractometer for quality control in chemical industry laboratories.&nbsp;Designed as a general presentation, this session is ideal for anyone interested in exploring the comprehensive range of solutions Anton Paar offers to the chemical industry market. While a basic understanding of chemical markets and analysis will enhance your experience, all levels are welcome. paar refrThe webinar will cover the following topics:<ul><li>What can a refractometer measure?</li><li>Refractometer vs. titration</li><li>Advantages of using a refractometer</li><li>Multi-parameter measurements</li><li>Application examples</li></ul><blockquote>Presenter: Nicolas Ogez-PaulNicolas Ogez-Paul started his career as a chemist in organic chemistry research and development. After five years with a company specializing in sample preparation, synthesis and purification of organic compounds as Sales Manager for France, Belgium, Luxembourg and Switzerland, Nicolas Ogez-Paul joined Anton Paar Switzerland in 2016. Initially responsible for the sales of density, refractive index, polarimetry, viscosity, flashpoint and oxidation testers, in-line measurement for French-speaking Switzerland and mineralization and synthesis microwaves for the Western part of Switzerland, he progressed internally to his current position as Team Leader of Anton Paar Switzerland's «Measurement» division and Microwave Sales Manager for the whole of Switzerland. &nbsp;</blockquote>

Anton Paar: Discover Quality Control with a Refractometer in the Chemical Industry

Discover Quality Control with a Refractometer in the Chemical Industry

In this webinar, Anton Paar will showcase the significant benefits of using a refractometer for quality control in chemical industry laboratories

Discover QC with a Refractometer in the Chemical Industry

Balances and scales play a critical role in research and development, quality assurance, and production. Errors in weighing cost time and money, due to rework, waste, and product recalls.In order to maintain consistent product quality and comply with standards and regulations, the performance of balances and scales needs to be verified regularly with a calibration. Routine testing of balances or scales in-between these scheduled calibrations helps to maintain accuracy by ensuring early detection of non-conformance with weighing process requirements so that corrective action can be taken in a timely manner.This webinar will give you a good understanding of why balance and scale testing is crucial for the accuracy of your weighing results in laboratory and production environments. We explain what your routine testing plan must contain, and, on top of that, we offer an overview of how to perform these routine tests correctly.&nbsp;Program<ul><li>What routine testing is</li><li>The difference between routine testing, calibration, and adjustment</li><li>The consequences of not testing a balance or scale</li><li>The four pillars of routine testing</li><li>Good Weighing Practice™ (GWP®)</li></ul><blockquote>Presenter: Walter Krebs (Good Weighing Practice™, METTLER TOLEDO)</blockquote>

Mettler Toledo: Routine Testing of Balances and Scales 

Routine Testing of Balances and Scales 

Why balance and scale testing is crucial for the accuracy of your weighing results in laboratory and production environments

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technology offers a powerful, versatile solution for food profiling, providing significant return on investment (ROI) through its various applications. This webinar will delve into the basics of NMR, explore specific food profiler solutions, and highlight the versatility of NMR with different upgradation options. Additionally, we will cover statistical analysis using Mestre Software for chemometric analyses of NMR data from various food matrices.<div><h3>Key Learning Topics</h3></div><div><div><div><div><div><div>Introduction to NMR<ul><li>Basics of NMR: Understanding the fundamental principles and applications of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance.</li><li>Avance Chemical Profiling (ACP) for Simple Mixture Analyses: Providing quick and reliable results for straightforward mixture analysis.</li></ul>Food Profiler Solutions - Complex Mixture Analysis<ul><li>Honey Profiler: Addressing the challenges of honey authenticity control and demonstrating the ROI of using NMR for honey analysis.</li><li>Juice Profiler: Highlighting the benefits of NMR in analyzing juice for purity and composition.</li><li>Wine Profiler: Exploring how NMR can be used to profile wine, ensuring quality control and detecting adulteration.</li><li>Olive Oil Profiler: Emphasizing the advantages of NMR in verifying the authenticity and quality of olive oil.</li></ul>NMR as a Versatile Tool<ul><li>The BBFO CryoProbe for Routine Work: Enhancing efficiency in routine NMR analyses.</li><li>Solids ,HR-MAS and cryo probes (Liquid Nitrogen and Liquid Helium): Expanding the versatility of NMR to analyze solid, semi-solid and solution samples. &nbsp;</li></ul>Statistical Analysis Using Mestre Software<ul><li>Presentation from Mestre: Showcasing how the software can be used for chemometric analyses of NMR data from different food matrices. This segment will require approval from the development team to ensure compatibility and effectiveness.</li></ul><div><h3>Who Should Attend</h3></div><div><div><div><div><div><div>This webinar is designed for professionals involved in food quality and authenticity, including:<ul><li>Food packers, exporters, and importers</li><li>Commercial analytical service providers</li><li>Regulatory or governmental bodies</li><li>Food producer associations</li></ul>Join us to gain valuable insights into the applications of NMR technology in food profiling and statistical analysis, and learn how these tools can enhance the authenticity, integrity, and economic viability of various food products.<blockquote>Presenter: Ph.D. Pedro Lopes (Field Application Scientist, Bruker BioSpin GmbH, Ettlingen)Pedro Lopes holds a doctoral degree in Biophysics with experience in X-Ray Crystallography and High Resolution NMR of Proteins. As a Researcher, he applied High Pressure NMR to Proteins for discovering rare conformational states and new binding sites for interaction with small drugs. He joined Bruker in 2022 where he works as a Field Application Specialist for new solutions in the Applied, Industrial and Clinical MarketsPresenter: Uday Ramesh Prabhu (Sales Manager, Biopharma &amp; Applied Division, Bruker India Scientific Pvt.Ltd. Mumbai)Uday is currently Sales Manager and Applications Scientist – Cleantech, Industrial and Applied Market (CIAM) division of Bruker Biospin Group. He started his professional career as an Application Scientist with Bruker India Scientific Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, in 2012. Covering mainly Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR/ESR) product portfolio -floor standing and benchtop NMR systems like Minispec and Fourier 80, catering to food and industry markets. Also, in charge of demo lab at Mumbai for benchtop NMR and EPR systems. He obtained his Ph.D. from Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore in 2010, and then pursued post-doc research at the University at Buffalo-SUNY, USA.Presenter: Sandeep Baluni (Strategic Account Director, Mestrelab Research S.L.)Mr. Sandeep Baluni holds a Master’s degree in Organic Chemistry and a Postgraduate Certification in AI &amp; ML. He brings over 25 years of diverse experience in business development across prominent organizations, including GSK, Reliance Industries, Elsevier, ACD Labs, and Information Mapping. Currently, working as the Director, Strategic Accounts at Mestrelab Research. Mr. Baluni combines his technical expertise with strategic industry insight to drive innovation and growth in scientific softwaresolutions</blockquote></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>

Bruker: Ensure Food Authenticity & Quality with NMR: Advanced Profiling Solutions

Ensure Food Authenticity & Quality with NMR: Advanced Profiling Solutions

This webinar will delve into the basics of NMR, explore specific food profiler solutions and highlight the versatility of NMR with different upgradation options

ICPMS webinars focusing on Academy/Principles - page 4