News from LabRulezICPMS Library - Week 26, 2025
LabRulez: News from LabRulezICPMS Library - Week 26, 2025
Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezICPMS Library in the week of 23rd June 2025? Check out new documents from the field of spectroscopy/spectrometry and related techniques!
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This week we bring you application notes by Agilent Technologies, Shimadzu, other document by Thermo Fisher Scientific and brochure by Anton Paar!
1. Agilent Technologies: Capability of Spectral Flow Cytometry for Resolving Fluorochromes with Highly Overlapping Spectra
- Application note
- Full PDF for download
In conventional flow cytometry, fluorochromes with close emission peaks are detected in the same channel and cannot be used in together. For example, APC and AF647, with the maximum emission wavelengths of 660 and 671 nm respectively (Figure 1A), are typically detected in the same channel excited by a red laser with a central wavelength of around 660 nm. Spectral flow cytometry, however, captures the emission profiles of fluorochromes from all available lasers across the entire spectrum. It then uses spectral unmixing to determine the contribution of each fluorochrome on each channel based on the unique spectral signature of each. This process allows for the distinction of each fluorochrome provided their spectral signatures differ. Using APC and AF647 as examples, their emission spectra are very similar in the red laser-excited channels, with only slight emission differences in the R661 and R681 channels, they exhibit significant differences in channels excited by other lasers, particularly ultraviolet(UV), violet, and blue channels. These differences alllow spectral unmixing to distinguish their signals easily. Other examples include PerCP-Cy5.5/PerCPeFluor 710 (Figure 1B), and PerCP-Cy5.5/PE-Cy5.5 (Figure 1C), BV421/Pacific Blue (Figure 1D), Qdot 705/BV711 (Figure 1E), and BB515/FITC (Figure 1F).
Although spectral unmixing can distinguish fluorochrome signals based on their spectral signatures, spectral spillover can propagate errors when measuring multiple fluorochromes. Spectral unmixing cannot eliminate these errors. The closer the spectra are, the greater the spillover spreading error between fluorochromes. This phenomenon emphasizes the importance of selecting fluorochromes with minimal spectral overlap in panel design to reduce spillover spreading. Here, we first present several panels containing fluorochromes with similar spectra using the Agilent NovoCyte Opteon spectral flow cytometer, compared in parallel with panels containing the same markers but conjugated to fluorochromes with different spectra. The spectrum-similar fluorochrome combinations include BB515/ FITC, Pacific Blue/BV421, APC/Alexa Fluor 647, PerCP-Cy5.5/ PE-Cy5.5, and PE-Cy5.5/PE-AF700. Fluorochromes in these combinations can be resolved when used together, although the spillover spreading of spectrum-similar fluorochromes is much larger.
Secondly, we compared FITC with different spectrally similar fluorochromes using the NovoCyte Opteon spectral flow cytometer. As the similarity increased, the fluorescent signal spreading increased significantly, and the resolution of FITC decreased correspondingly. When FITC was used with Alexa Fluor 488 or KB520, the Similarity Index was 1.00, indicating almost identical spectra, which prevented signal resolution due to such high similarity.
Lastly, we used a mixture of compensation beads labeled with different fluorochromes excited by one laser (405 nm violet, 488 nm blue, or 640 nm red) to simulate the scenario where multiple fluorochromes are used together. In this context, the NovoCyte Opteon spectral flow cytometer effectively distinguished the signals of multiple fluorochromes.
Experimental
Instrument configuration
Agilent NovoCyte Opteon UVBYR spectral flow cytometer equipped with five lasers (349, 405, 488, 561, and 637 nm) and 70 fluorescence detectors.
Conclusion
By testing various spectrum-similar fluorochrome combinations with multiple panel design, we demonstrated that the Agilent NovoCyte Opteon spectral flow cytometer can effectively distinguish fluorochromes with high spectral overlap. When comparing the use of FITC in combination with fluorochromes exhibiting varying degrees of similarity, we found that as the similarity of fluorochromes increased, the spillover spreading largely increased, leading to a corresponding decrease in the resolution of FITC. Notably, NovoCyte Opteon was able to distinguish fluorochromes with a Similarity Index as high as 0.99 (FITC and BB515). Additionally, the multicolor unmixing capabilities of NovoCyte Opteon were validated using multiple fluorochrome combinations excited by the additional 405, 561, or 637 nm lasers.
In summary, spectral flow cytometry allows for simultaneous use of fluorochromes with highly overlapping spectra, enhancing flexibility in fluorochrome selection. However, the inevitable spillover spreading between these fluorochromes must be considered in panel design to ensure accurate results.
2. Agilent Technologies: Fast, Accurate Analysis of Metal Contaminants in Edible Coconut Products using ICP-MS
Method compliant with FSSAI regulations using Agilent 7850 ICP-MS in helium mode
- Application note
- Full PDF for download
ICP-MS is widely used for the determination of trace elements in samples across many industries, including food production and monitoring. The key benefits of the ICP-MS technique are its low detection limits, multielement capability, high throughput, and good accuracy due to relatively few spectral interferences.
The Agilent 7850 ICP-MS is an ideal instrument for food testing laboratories that need to analyze elemental contaminants in foods, including laboratories that are new to the ICP-MS technique or new to Agilent systems. The 7850 combines proven hardware capabilities, helpful software presets, built in method and report templates, and ease-of-use features that simplify all aspects of the analytical workflow. Varied sample types are easily handled by the exceptionally robust plasma ion source of the 7850, ensuring accurate data, good long-term stability, and lower maintenance requirements. The 7850 controls common spectral interferences using helium (He) collision cell mode and Kinetic Energy Discrimination (KED)7,8 (known as He KED mode), while doubly-charged interferences can be addressed using half-mass correction in the Agilent ICP-MS MassHunter software.9 These features help ensure accurate results, reducing the need for sample remeasurements. The instrument's 10 orders linear dynamic range also simplifies method setup, as major and trace analytes can be measured in a single run, meaning fewer reruns due to over-range results.
The 7850 also includes Agilent Ultra High Matrix Introduction (UHMI) aerosol dilution technology as standard. UHMI further improves the already exceptional plasma robustness of the 7850, enabling the instrument to handle samples with percent levels of total dissolved solids (TDS).10 The IntelliQuant function in ICP-MS MassHunter also provides a useful screening function to allow analysts to obtain semiquantitative results for up to 78 elements from the QuickScan full mass spectrum data. QuickScan only takes an additional two seconds per acquisition and does not require element-specific calibration standards. IntelliQuant's periodic table “heat map” view provides a quick and simple overview of the concentration of all elements within the sample, helping analysts to identify unexpected contaminants that were not included in the quantitative analysis.11
This study describes the use of a 7850 ICP-MS system for the analysis of elemental contaminants in coconut products. The analyte list included Pb, Cu, As, Sn, Cd, Hg, and Ni, which are listed in the FSSAI regulations. Samples of several popular coconut-based food products were microwave digested and analyzed using the 7850 ICP-MS, with sample delivery via an Agilent SPS 4 autosampler. The measured elemental 3 concentrations were evaluated for compliance with the limits defined in the FSSAI regulations.
Experimental
Instrumentation
An Agilent 7850 ICP-MS was used for the analysis. The 7850 includes the UHMI aerosol dilution system, which further enhances plasma robustness to enable routine analysis of percent levels of matrix, and the ORS4 collision/reaction cell for simple, reliable control of common polyatomic interferences. The 7850 was fitted with the standard sample introduction system, consisting of a MicroMist glass concentric nebulizer, temperature-controlled quartz spray chamber, and quartz torch with 2.5 mm id injector. A nickel-plated copper sampling cone was used, together with a nickel skimmer cone.
Conclusion
The Agilent 7850 ICP-MS was used to quantify heavy metals and trace elements in edible coconut products, including coconut oil, coconut milk, and coconut powder. Microwave assisted digestion was used for the preparation of the samples for analysis. Good calibration linearity was obtained for all analytes with linear regressions over a calibration range from 0.05 to 1000 ppb (0.05 to 10 ppb for Hg). Data validation was done using a spike-recovery study performed at three concentration levels. An inter-day reproducibility study was conducted and the data comparison indicated that the between-day reproducibility was comparable to the excellent within-day repeatability. These results confirm that this analytical method can be used for the routine detection and accurate quantification of various elements in edible coconut products in accordance with FSSAI regulations.
3. Anton Paar: Dynamic Light Scattering Instruments - Litesizer DLS Series
- Brochure
- Full PDF for download
The Litesizer DLS Series from Anton Paar represents a new standard in particle characterization, offering dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering (DLS and ELS) for measuring particle size, zeta potential, molecular mass, and more. Designed for precision and ease of use, the series is powered by intuitive Kalliope software, enabling expert-level results in just a few clicks. These instruments support a wide range of applications in research, development, and quality control across various industries.
Measurement Capabilities
At the heart of the Litesizer DLS instruments is best-in-class DLS technology for accurate particle size analysis and patented cmPALS technology for robust and repeatable zeta potential determination. The systems also feature multi-angle particle sizing (MAPS), real-time transmittance monitoring, and optional refractive index measurement—ensuring flexibility for complex sample types. Measurement modes include particle concentration, static light scattering for molecular mass, and pH-dependent analysis using accessories like a flow module or dosing system.
Performance and Innovation
The Litesizer DLS 701 and 501 models are equipped with ultra-sensitive cmPALS and Omega cuvettes, enhancing zeta potential analysis even at low voltages and short measurement times. This minimizes sample damage and extends electrode lifespan. Particle size measurements benefit from high resolution and broad dynamic range (0.3 nm to 12 µm), while transmittance and refractive index measurements offer additional real-time insight and automation. Sample volumes as low as 1.5 µL can be used, and measurements remain precise even at high concentrations.
Conclusion
Combining technical excellence with user-friendly operation, the Litesizer DLS Series delivers powerful analytical performance for a variety of particle characterization needs. Kalliope software streamlines workflows with built-in compliance features (e.g. FDA 21 CFR Part 11), while modular hardware options support automation and expandability. Whether for protein formulations, nanoparticles, or emulsion stability studies, Litesizer DLS empowers users to generate high-quality data with minimal effort.
4. Shimadzu: Screening Analysis for Hazardous Heavy Metals in Foods and Food Additives
- Application note
- Full PDF for download
User Benefits
- In comparison with the conventional technology, sensitivity was improved by high voltage X-ray tube and optimization of the optical design.
- Analysis throughput is improved because continuous analysis of a maximum of 48 samples is possible.
- Screening for hazardous elements in foods and food additives is possible with only simple sample preparation, such as loading the samples into the sample container.
Control of hazardous heavy metals contained in foods and food additives is required in order to protect human health and safety. Therefore, various domestic laws and regulations(1)-(4) have been established in Japan, including “Standards and criteria for food and food additives, etc.” and “Japan’s Specifications and Standards for Food Additives”.
From the viewpoint of sensitivity, the main technique used in analyses of toxic heavy metals is atomic absorption spectrophotometry. However, as disadvantages of this method, powder and solid samples must be dissolved in an acid such as nitric acid or hydrochloric acid, and advanced technology and know-how are required in the actual analysis. In contrast, fluorescent X-ray spectroscopy offers excellent convenience because analysis is possible as-is, without dissolving the specimens.
Shimadzu’s new product, the ALTRACE, energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (Fig. 1), makes it possible to analyze toxic heavy metals with high sensitivity thanks to the increased output of the X-ray tube and optimization of the optical design. As an additional advantage, continuous analysis of a maximum of 48 samples is possible, contributing to improved analysis throughput.
This Application News article introducesthe following:
1. Analysis of cadmium (Cd) in rice
2. Analysis of arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) in food additives
Results of Quantitative Analysis
Table 3 shows the results of the quantitative analysis. Both arsenic and lead were below the lower limit of quantitation. Because the lower limit of quantitation is much lower than 1 μg/g, it can be understood that this analysis is effective for
screening analysis of the organic samples listed in Japan’s Specifications and Standards for Food Additives.
Conclusion
The analytical sensitivity of the new Shimadzu ALTRACE was greatly improved by increasing the power of the X-ray tube and optimization of the optical design. As a result of this improved performance, ALTRACE is the optimum instrument for screening for hazardous elements in foods and food additives. In addition, because a large number of samples can be analyzed in a short time, ALTRACE also contributes to improved analytical throughput for the customer.
5. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Educating future professionals in XRD technique
- Other document (SMARTNote)
- Full PDF for download
What are the principles of XRD?
X-Ray diffraction (XRD) is an effective and nondestructive method for identifying and quantifying the crystalline phase composition of both powdered and solid samples. This technique relies on the elastic scattering of photons by the atoms within a material. When these atoms are arranged in a periodic array, the scattered radiation experiences both destructive and constructive interference (diffraction) at particular angles. This phenomenon is explained by Bragg’s Law (Figure 1).
The directions of the diffracted wave are influenced by the size and shape of the unit cell, while the intensities are determined by the atomic arrangement within the crystal. Consequently, a diffraction pattern can provide detailed information about the crystalline phases present (indicated by peak positions), the relative phase concentration (determined by the ratio of peak areas), the amorphous content (evident from background humps), and the crystallite size and strain (reflected in peak widths).
What type of instrumentation is used?
The benchtop X-ray diffractometer, Thermo Scientific™ ARL™ X’TRA Companion X-ray Diffractometer (Figure 2), is the ideal companion for teaching X-ray diffraction (XRD). Robust, very safe, and easy-to-use, even for an inexperienced user, it enables the establishment of a simple and relevant experimental protocol for high-quality data acquisition in a short time. The results obtained are easily interpretable thanks to open-source software and free crystallographic databases.
What are these main characteristics?
The ARL X’TRA Companion diffractometer features a θ/θ goniometer (Figure 3) with a 160 mm radius in BraggBrentano geometry. It is equipped with a 600 W X-ray source (available in either Cu or Co), and various sample supports tailored to the specific studied samples. The instrument could also include an integrated water cooler, making it fully autonomous. Equipped with a state-of-the-art semiconductor pixel detector with a 55 x 55 µm pitch, the ARL X’TRA Companion diffractometer enables very fast and high-resolution data collection, ensuring reliable data interpretation.
What would be your conclusion about this XRD instrument?
The ARL XTRA Companion XRD benchtop system is specifically designed for use in student X-ray diffraction (XRD) laboratories. Its user-friendly interface makes it ideal for educational settings, offering hands-on experience with XRD techniques. This system enables students to conduct experiments focused on identifying and quantifying crystalline phases, analyzing diffraction patterns, and understanding the fundamental principles of X-ray diffraction.
