When test results are used to assess compliance, i.e. to decide whether specifications or regulations are met, the measurement uncertainty of the test results has to be taken into account. Assessment of compliance for cases i and v in the Figure below is clear – the measurement results including the uncertainty interval are clearly above or below the limit value. In the other cases the decision is not clear since the uncertainty interval overlaps the limit value. The Eurachem/CITAC guide [1] gives guidance on cases ii, iii and iv.&nbsp;<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Eurachem_Upper_control_limit_9366d8f597.jpg" alt="Eurachem: Upper control limit" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Eurachem_Upper_control_limit_9366d8f597.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1536" height="585"><h4>We need acceptance &amp; rejection zones&nbsp;</h4>In order to judge whether the results in cases ii, iii, and iv comply with the limit value we need a decision rule, based on the risks associated with making a wrong decision. This decision rule enables a guard band, g, to be calculated which defines an acceptance zone and a rejection zone. If the measurement value is within the acceptance zone the specifications are met and we can conclude compliance. If the measured value is in the rejection zone, we can conclude non-compliance. The intersection between these two zones is called the decision limit. A guard band is normally chosen so that for a measured value in the acceptance zone the probability of correct acceptance is more than or equal to a defined confidence value α. Note that a guard band, g = 0 can also be used. This is called simple acceptance.&nbsp;<h4>Decision rule&nbsp;</h4>A decision rule should have a well-documented method of determining the location of acceptance and rejection zones, ideally including acceptable levels of probability, P, that the value of the measurand 1) lies within the specification limit, high confidence of correct acceptance (low probability of false acceptance) or 2) lies outside the specification limit, high confidence of correct rejection (low probability of false rejection).<h4>Information needed for assessing compliance&nbsp;</h4>The following information is needed:&nbsp;<ul><li>measurand clearly specified;&nbsp;</li><li>specification stating upper or lower limit or both;&nbsp;</li><li>decision rule;&nbsp;</li><li>measured value:&nbsp;</li><li>measurement uncertainty for a measured value at the limit(s).</li></ul><h4>Example focusing on correct acceptance&nbsp;</h4><ul><li>Measurand: Mass fraction of nickel, Ni in a batch of steel delivered to a customer.&nbsp;</li><li>Uncertainty: U = 0.2 % Ni, k = 2 (95 %). Standard uncertainty, u = 0.1 % Ni. This uncertainty includes both sampling uncertainty for the batch and analytical uncertainty.&nbsp;</li><li>Specification: The specification zone is from the lower limit 16.0 % Ni to the upper limit 18.0 % Ni.&nbsp;</li><li>Decision rule High confidence of correct acceptance: The acceptance range is the mass fraction where it can be decided with a confidence level of approximately 95 % (α = 0.05) that the batch has a mass fraction above the lower limit and below the upper limit.&nbsp;</li><li>Guard band: Each guard band is calculated as 1.64u ≈ 0.17 % (rounded upward for safety) with k value 1.64 from the one-tailed upper 95 % quantile of the normal distribution.&nbsp;</li><li>Acceptance zone: 16.2 % Ni to 17.8 % Ni , after rounding to one decimal place.&nbsp;</li><li>Measured value: 16.1 % Ni</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Eurachem_Guard_bands_g_and_acceptance_and_a_rejection_zones_based_on_a_lower_and_upper_bedc4769b3.jpg" alt="Eurachem: Guard bands (g), and acceptance and a rejection zones based on a lower and upper limit and a decision rule stating high confidence of correct acceptance" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Eurachem_Guard_bands_g_and_acceptance_and_a_rejection_zones_based_on_a_lower_and_upper_bedc4769b3.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1091" height="447">The measured value, 16.1 % Ni, is below the lower acceptance limit of 16.2 %; that is, in the rejection zone. The batch is non-compliant.&nbsp;<blockquote>Note – if the decision rule stated simple acceptance the acceptance zone would be 16.0 % to 18.0 % and the batch would be compliant.&nbsp;</blockquote><h4>Example focusing on correct rejection&nbsp;</h4><ul><li>Measurand: Mass fraction of a banned substance in a sample.&nbsp;</li><li>Uncertainty: The relative standard uncertainty urel is 35 %.&nbsp;</li><li>Specification: Upper limit is 2 ng/g.&nbsp;</li><li>Decision rule High confidence of correct rejection: The concentration of the banned substance will be deemed to be above the limit if the probability of the value of the concentration being greater than the limit is 95 % or greater.</li><li>Guard band: The guard band g for correct rejection is 1.6 ng/g assuming a lognormal distribution (due to the high relative uncertainty – see further Guide Annex A, Case 4 [1]).&nbsp;</li><li>Acceptance limit: 3.6 ng/g&nbsp;</li><li>Measured value: 3.3 ng/g&nbsp;</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Eurachem_Guard_band_g_and_acceptance_and_a_rejection_zones_based_f0f8f140db.jpg" alt="Eurachem: Guard band (g), and acceptance and a rejection zones based on a decision rule stating high confidence of correct rejection" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Eurachem_Guard_band_g_and_acceptance_and_a_rejection_zones_based_f0f8f140db.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="883" height="392">The measured value, 3.3 ng/g, is below the acceptance limit of 3.6 ng/g; that is, in the acceptance zone. The sample is compliant. Note that the assumption of the type of distribution is crucial. If assuming a normal distribution in this case the acceptance limit would be 3.2 ng/g and the sample would not be compliant.

Use of uncertainty in compliance

<h4>Overcoming matrix suppression and signal drift in environmental samples and industrial brines</h4>As demand for lithium, rare earth elements (REEs), and environmental monitoring continues to grow, laboratories are increasingly challenged by one of the most difficult sample types in elemental analysis: high-salinity waters. Whether analyzing lithium-rich underground brines for electric vehicle battery production or monitoring seawater and brackish water for environmental compliance, laboratories require a solution that combines sensitivity, robustness, and productivity.The <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/1487">Thermo Scientific iCAP MSX ICP-MS</a> addresses these challenges by delivering reliable trace element analysis across a wide range of salt concentrations—from seawater to highly concentrated brines containing up to 25% sodium chloride.<h3>Why high-salt samples challenge ICP-MS</h3>Brines and seawater present significant analytical obstacles. High dissolved solids can cause:<ul><li>Signal drift and matrix suppression</li><li>Nebulizer blockages</li><li>Torch injector fouling</li><li>Interface cone contamination</li><li>Increased maintenance and downtime</li></ul>Traditional workflows often require extensive manual dilution, frequent recalibration, and additional operator intervention. These steps reduce throughput and increase operating costs.<h3>A unified solution for brines and seawater</h3><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_Trace_Metal_Analysis_in_High_Salt_Matrices_by_ICP_MS_4_78a4a8997a.jpg" alt="Thermo Fisher Scientific: Trace Metal Analysis in High Salt Matrices by ICP-MS" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_Trace_Metal_Analysis_in_High_Salt_Matrices_by_ICP_MS_4_78a4a8997a.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1808" height="900">The iCAP MSX ICP-MS leverages integrated Argon Gas Dilution (AGD) technology to enable direct analysis of challenging high-matrix samples while maintaining excellent sensitivity and stability.Key advantages include:<ul><li>Analysis of brines up to 25% NaCl without manual dilution</li><li>High matrix tolerance with the AGD High setting</li><li>Automated tuning and instrument health monitoring</li><li>Stable internal standard performance</li><li>Reduced maintenance requirements</li><li>Consistent data quality across varying salt concentrations</li><li>Reduced sample handling, dilution apparatus, and potential for contamination</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_Trace_Metal_Analysis_in_High_Salt_Matrices_by_ICP_MS_3_785f2e2d29.jpg" alt="Thermo Fisher Scientific: Trace Metal Analysis in High Salt Matrices by ICP-MS" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_Trace_Metal_Analysis_in_High_Salt_Matrices_by_ICP_MS_3_785f2e2d29.jpg 221w," sizes="100vw" width="1400" height="989">This unified approach allows laboratories to use a single method for multiple sample types, improving efficiency and simplifying operations.<h3>Engineered for robustness</h3>Several hardware innovations contribute to the system’s performance:Collision / Reaction Cell The Thermo Scientific QCell Collision / Reaction Cell utilizes a proprietary Flatapole design and integrated low-mass cutoff technology to provide effective interference removal while maintaining high ion transmission and sensitivity.RAPID lens technology The Right Angle Positive Ion Deflection (RAPID) lens system uses a fully focused 90-degree ion deflection design that helps keep the mass spectrometer maintenance-free after the interface region.Flexible AGD operation Unlike alternative matrix-handling approaches, AGD offers selectable dilution levels fully integrated within the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/1489">Thermo Scientific Qtegra Intelligent Scientific Data Solution (ISDS) software</a>, simplifying operation while maintaining performance.<h3>Supporting the growing lithium and rare earth economy</h3>The rapid expansion of electric vehicle production has intensified the need for reliable impurity analysis in lithium-rich underground brines. Accurate determination of trace metals and rare earth elements is essential for:<ul><li>Resource characterization</li><li>Process optimization</li><li>Product quality assurance</li><li>Regulatory compliance</li></ul>The ability to analyze both concentrated brines and seawater using a single workflow enables laboratories to support upstream extraction, refining operations, and environmental monitoring with greater efficiency.<h3>Improving productivity through intelligent automation</h3>Beyond analytical performance, the iCAP MSX ICP-MS is designed to reduce the operator’s workload through:<ul><li>Automatic instrument tuning</li><li>Integrated health monitoring</li><li>Hawk Consumables and Maintenance Assistant</li><li>Simplified maintenance planning</li><li>Reduced risk of unplanned downtime</li></ul>These features help laboratories maximize instrument uptime while maintaining confidence in data quality.<h3>Seawater validation data demonstrates excellent accuracy and sensitivity</h3>To evaluate analytical performance in a challenging marine matrix, seawater samples were analyzed both unspiked and with trace-element spike additions of 1 ppb and 0.1 ppb. The study included transition metals, precious metals, and Rare Earth Elements (REEs) measured using KED mode.<h5>1 ppb spike recovery results</h5>The 1 ppb spike experiment demonstrated strong recoveries across most analytes:<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_Trace_Metal_Analysis_in_High_Salt_Matrices_by_ICP_MS_c27a27a631.jpg" alt="Thermo Fisher Scientific: Trace Metal Analysis in High Salt Matrices by ICP-MS" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_Trace_Metal_Analysis_in_High_Salt_Matrices_by_ICP_MS_c27a27a631.jpg 110w," sizes="100vw" width="834" height="1180">The majority of REEs showed recoveries between approximately 102% and 116%, demonstrating excellent accuracy in a high-salt seawater matrix. Particularly noteworthy were Er (115.6%), Dy (114.9%), Yb (114.0%), and Gd (114.0%), highlighting the capability of the system for strategic element monitoring.<h5>0.1 ppb spike recovery results</h5>Performance remained strong at ten-fold lower concentration levels:<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_Trace_Metal_Analysis_in_High_Salt_Matrices_by_ICP_MS_2_d045eb8be8.jpg" alt="Thermo Fisher Scientific: Trace Metal Analysis in High Salt Matrices by ICP-MS" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_Trace_Metal_Analysis_in_High_Salt_Matrices_by_ICP_MS_2_d045eb8be8.jpg 115w," sizes="100vw" width="834" height="1129">These results demonstrate reliable quantification at sub-ppb concentrations, supporting environmental monitoring and trace impurity applications where ultra-low detection capability is essential.<h3>What does this mean for laboratories?</h3>The seawater data confirms that the iCAP MSX ICP-MS can deliver:<ul><li>Accurate recovery of trace metals and rare earth elements</li><li>Reliable measurements at low and sub-ppb concentrations</li><li>Excellent sensitivity across a broad elemental range</li><li>Robust operation in challenging high-salt matrices</li><li>A single workflow applicable for seawater, brackish water, and concentrated brines</li></ul>For laboratories supporting lithium extraction, critical minerals programs, environmental monitoring, or industrial process control, these capabilities translate directly into higher confidence in analytical results and increased operational efficiency.<h3>Conclusion</h3>As industries increasingly rely on accurate elemental analysis of high-salinity samples, laboratories need instrumentation capable of balancing sensitivity, robustness, and productivity. The<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/1487"> iCAP MSX ICP-MS </a>provides a comprehensive solution for both industrial brine applications and environmental seawater monitoring, delivering accurate recoveries, low detection limits, and reliable performance across some of the most challenging matrices encountered in ICP-MS analysis.From lithium extraction to environmental stewardship, the future of trace element analysis depends on technologies that can turn difficult samples into dependable data.<blockquote>Register for our on-demand webinar to learn more about the iCAP MX Series ICP-MS <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6398">New ICP-MS innovations to ignite productivity and efficiency in your laboratory</a></blockquote><ul><li>Visit us on&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/72003132/admin/dashboard/">LinkedIn:</a>&nbsp;#ICPMS #EnvironmentalTesting #REEs #ElementalAnalysis</li></ul>

Trace Metal Analysis in High Salt Matrices by ICP-MS

Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezICPMS Library in the week of 20th July 2026? Check out new documents from the field of spectroscopy/spectrometry and related techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT SPECTROSCOPY/SPECTROMETRY RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezLCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezGCMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring you application notes by Agilent Technologies, Shimadzu and Thermo Fisher Scientific!<h3>1. Agilent Technologies: Analysis of Elemental Impurities in GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Oral Tablets by ICP-MS</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_glp_1_receptor_tablets_7850_icp_ms_5994_9317en_agilent_c355750808.pdf">Full PDF for download</a>&nbsp;</li></ul>Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists represent a rapidly expanding class of therapeutics for the management of type 2 diabetes and chronic weight management. While many approved GLP-1 receptor agonists are administered by subcutaneous injections, oral formulations are generating significant clinical and commercial interest. However, formulating peptide-based therapeutics as oral solid dosage forms introduces additional manufacturing complexity, including the need for permeation enhancers, excipients, and coating materials. Each of these components presents a potential source of elemental impurity contamination. International or national-based regulatory authorities are responsible for ensuring that pharmaceutical products are both effective and safe for use. Control of elemental impurities in drug products is governed by the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) Guideline for Elemental Impurities, Revision 2 (Q3D(R2))1 and United States Pharmacopeia (USP) &lt;232&gt;/&lt;233&gt; (Elemental Impurities — Limits and Procedures)2,3 using ICP-OES- or ICP-MS-based instrumental methods.The USP chapters classify 24 elemental impurities in three classes based on toxicity and probability of occurrence, with permitted daily exposure (PDE) limits defined by route of administration. Analytical method validation follows ICH Q2(R2) (Validation of Analytical Procedures, 2023)4 and the harmonized USP &lt;1225&gt; (Validation of Compendial Procedures)5 , with system suitability criteria defined in USP &lt;233&gt;.3 ICH Q2(R2) provides updated guidance on the validation of analytical procedures that is applicable to biological- and biotechnology-derived products. The revised guideline offers clearer guidance on complex therapeutics, such as peptide-based biotherapeutics, including GLP-1 receptor agonists—an area not specifically addressed in the earlier Q2(R1) framework.&nbsp;In this study, an analytical method was developed and validated in accordance with USP &lt;232&gt;/&lt;233&gt; and ICH Q3D(R2)/Q2(R2). The method enables quantitative determination of all 24 regulated elemental impurities in an oral tablet of a GLP-1 receptor agonist using an <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=7850">Agilent 7850 ICP-MS</a>. The instrument features an integrated fourthgeneration Octopole Reaction System (ORS4) collision cell, which was operated in helium (He) mode to provide robust suppression of matrix-derived polyatomic interferences affecting the analytes. Data were acquired to evaluate drift/ stability, detectability, precision (repeatability and intermediate precision), specificity, accuracy, and linearity. <h4>Results and discussion&nbsp;</h4>Before being used for limit or quantitative procedures, the analytical instrument and method must meet performance criteria defined in ICH Q2(R2) and USP &lt;233&gt;. System suitability—verified by confirming that results remain stable (drift ≤ 20%) throughout the analytical run—must be demonstrated on the day of analysis. Separately, USP &lt;233&gt; requires procedure validation to demonstrate fitness for purpose: detectability, precision, and specificity for Limit Procedures; and accuracy, precision/repeatability, intermediate precision (ruggedness), specificity, limit of quantitation, linearity and range (demonstrated across 0.5–1.5 J) for Quantitative Procedures.<h4>Speciation considerations for As and Hg&nbsp;</h4>For some elements, toxicity is highly dependent on their chemical form. Of the analytes listed in the ICH/USP regulations, As and Hg are of particular concern. The PDE limit for both elements refers to their inorganic forms because inorganic As is the most toxic, and inorganic Hg is considered the most likely form to be present in pharmaceutical materials.&nbsp;If the measured total As concentration exceeds the target concentration, USP &lt;232&gt; suggests that a speciation analysis is performed using LC-ICP-MS to allow independent quantification of inorganic As. If inorganic As is found to be below the limit, the material would be considered compliant even if total As exceeds the limit. The speciation of Hg should be established if the test material is likely to contain the more toxic methyl Hg species (for example, ingredients sourced from marine-derived materials). Otherwise, compliance is established by determining total Hg.&nbsp;In this study, only trace-level Li (0.23 ppb) and Ni (0.07 ppb) were detected in the sample blank. All other elements were below the IDLs. Therefore, speciation analysis on As and Hg was not required. However, the 7850 ICP-MS can be easily integrated with an Agilent LC system for routine speciation analysis if needed.7<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>This study demonstrates the suitability of the Agilent 7850 ICP-MS for the identification and quantification of 24 regulated elemental impurities in a GLP-1 receptor agonist oral tablet formulation, prepared by microwave digestion. The instrument’s ORS4 collision cell was operated in helium mode, providing robust, non-specific attenuation of matrixderived polyatomic interferences. The method successfully met the limit and accuracy requirements specified in USP &lt;232&gt;/&lt;233&gt; and ICH Q3D(R2)/Q2(R2) guidelines, ensuring reliable multi-element quantification of GLP-1 tablets without the need for element-specific method optimization. For pharmaceutical QC laboratories, the Agilent ICP-MS MassHunter instrument control software assisted in developing the workflow, reducing the time and effort required to establish a compliant analytical method. The preset ICH/USP method template, automated J-value calculation, and built-in system suitability reporting eliminated manual configuration steps, making it easier for different analysts to use the instrument. The software also enables method transfer across sites. The demonstrated eight-hour signal stability performance of the 7850 ICP-MS further supports high-throughput batch testing in routine manufacturing QC environments.&nbsp;As ICH Q2(R2) provides improved clarity for validating analytical procedures used with peptide based therapeutics, including GLP 1 receptor agonists, this application note provides a regulation-ready reference method. The workflow can be directly adopted or adapted for oral solid dosage forms containing active peptide ingredients, supporting faster regulatory submissions and reducing analytical development timelines.<h3>2. Shimadzu: State Analysis of Iron Oxides in Sintered Ore for Steel Manufacturing after Hydrogen Reduction</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_01_01029_en_ca7771b317.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul><h5>User Benefits</h5><ul><li>The mineral structure of sintered ore can be investigated by quantitative mapping of Al, Mg, Si, Ca, and Fe.&nbsp;</li><li>EPMA analysis is a useful technique in research on the composition of the calcium ferrite phase due to differences in the reduction reaction depending on the furnace temperature.&nbsp;</li><li>Investigation of the oxidation state of iron is useful in study of the production conditions for sintered ore, such as oxidation and reduction.</li></ul>Foreign matter in CMP* slurrReduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is being promoted with the aim of achieving carbon neutrality in 2050. In the hydrogen reduction ironmaking process, iron ore is reduced with hydrogen (H2) in place of coke (C), forming water (H2O) instead of CO2, thereby reducing CO2 emissions. Targeting a reduction of 10 % or more in CO2 emissions, research on a hydrogen reduction technology using hydrogen in the blast furnace is now underway in the Japanese national project COURSE50, focusing on reduction of the heat requirement and optimization of the reaction conditions of the raw materials, together with circulating use of gas with a regenerated reduction capacity, by promoting hydrogen reduction, which is a smaller endothermic reaction than direct reduction by coke. Development of a Super COURSE50 technology has also begun, and will make it possible to inject a larger amount of hydrogen into the blast furnace. This article introduces a state analysis of the iron oxides in sintered ore, which was carried out by measuring the detailed spectra of micro-regions in sintered iron ore after hydrogen reduction using an EPMA electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA8050G).<h4>Phase Analysis of Sintered Ore after Hydrogen Reduction</h4>To identify differences in the oxidation valence, the element distribution images in Fig. 3 show oxygen (O) and iron (Fe) by the mass percentage concentration (wt%) of the simple elements. Fig. 4 (a) and (c) are Fe-O scatter diagrams showing the positions of the compounds by the theoretical concentration of iron oxide under low temperature and high temperature reduction, respectively. In Fig. 4 (a), the symbols 〇 and ▼ represent hematite (Fe2O3) and magnetite (Fe3O4), respectively, while in Fig. 4 (c), clusters (point-sets) can be seen in regions showing ☒ wustite (FeO) and compounds of iron (Fe). Fig. 4 (b) and (d) are phase diagrams in which filters were set by the Fe-O scatter diagrams (see Related Applications 3). In the phase diagrams, the purple regions are hematite, red regions are magnetite, green regions are wustite, dark blue regions are iron, yellow regions are magnesia ferrite, blue regions are calcium ferrite, and yellowgreen regions are slag. The sintered ore contains hematite and magnetite before reduction, but in the reduction reactions at the different furnace temperatures, the species of iron oxides are different depending on the furnace temperature. From the element distribution images and phase diagrams, it can be understood that metallic iron (Fe) has formed in the sintered ore subjected to hydrogen reduction at the high temperature of 1000 ˚C. The light blue region in Fig. 4 (d) is considered to be slag.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Quantitative mapping analysis and phase analysis of sintered ores after hydrogen reduction can be used not only in identification of iron oxide species and calcium ferrite, but also in structural analysis and research and development of the reduction process by utilizing state analysis from the detailed spectra of micro-regions.&nbsp;<h3>3. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Accurate analysis of major components and trace level impurities in cathode active materials used in lithium ion battery production</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_003968_analysis_impurities_cathode_active_materials_lithium_ion_battery_production_an003968_na_en_97783566af.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) provide a compact and versatile solution for energy storage, powering everything from consumer electronics to electric vehicles (EVs) and large-scale energy systems. Currently, they are the most important power storage materials for EVs due to their power density and life cycle performance. The performance, longevity, and safety of a battery heavily depends on the purity and the composition of the components, especially the cathode material.&nbsp;To meet the required performance criteria (i.e., long battery lifetime and maximum achievable charge capacity), it is important to monitor not only the concentration ratio of the main components (typically nickel, manganese, cobalt, and lithium in nickel manganese cobalt (NMC) batteries), but also trace impurities in both the precursor materials and the finished products. In general, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is the preferred analytical technique for the analysis of metals and related contaminants at low levels (sub μg·L-1). However, the analysis of samples containing higher levels of total dissolved solids (TDS, typically above 0.5% weight/volume (w/v)) is a known challenge in ICP-MS. The complexity of the sample matrix can significantly affect the sensitivity of the instrument, cause intensity fluctuation (suppression and drift), and lead to increased system maintenance with unwanted downtime due to clogging of the interface cone orifices, torch injector, or nebulizer. Diluting high matrix samples with argon gas allows direct placement on the autosampler, eliminating the need for manual, time-consuming, off-line dilution.&nbsp;A further challenge for the analysis of battery materials such as cathodes when using conventional, single quadrupole ICP-MS is the presence of polyatomic interferences generated by the principal components of the samples. For example, in addition to the well-known argon-based interferences, arsenic can be affected by a cobalt-based interference (59Co16O+). Since arsenic is monoisotopic at m/z 75, removal of this interference is crucial for accurate data. Furthermore, nickel oxide-based interferences can impact the determination of selenium using a single quadrupole ICP-MS system.&nbsp;This application note describes an optimized analytical method for the analysis of nickel, manganese, and cobalt (NMC) based cathode materials. To overcome the analytical challenges described above, a triple quadrupole ICP-MS instrument, the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/1488">Thermo Scientific™ iCAP™ MTX ICP-MS</a>, was employed for the analysis. Use of triple quadrupole technology offered superior interference removal, and operation using Argon Gas Dilution (AGD) facilitated direct analysis of the samples derived from the digestion process. Adverse effects caused by the introduction of high matrix containing samples, such as more frequent maintenance, can also be reduced, thanks to the use of AGD. This enables more efficient laboratory workflow.<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>The iCAP MTX ICP-MS enables analysts to perform accurate and reliable elemental analysis in challenging samples such as digested cathode active materials. The proposed analytical method was evaluated for performance, and the results obtained clearly demonstrate the following analytical advantages for battery cathode sample analysis:&nbsp;<ul><li>The use of argon gas dilution (AGD) allows the direct analysis of acid digested samples so that labor-intensive manual sample dilutions can be omitted. At the same time, there is no increased need for system maintenance.&nbsp;</li><li>Using oxygen as a reactive gas in TQ-O₂ mode enabled sensitive, interference-free analysis of all analytes, including challenging ones like sulfur and arsenic.&nbsp;</li><li>Excellent CCV recovery and spike recovery results, as well as stable and consistent internal standards response, were obtained, demonstrating the reliability of the method<acknowledgement>The authors wish to express their heartfelt gratitude to Prof. Taichi Murakami of Tohoku University Graduate School of Environmental Studies (GSES) for his generous cooperation in providing the samples and instructions regarding the data analysis in the preparation of this Application News article.</acknowledgement></li></ul>

News from LabRulezICPMS Library - Week 30, 2026

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In this presentation, we will introduce the Thermo Scientific Hypulse Surface Analysis System and demonstrate how it can be used to go beyond the limits of ion beam depth profiling. Our application scientists will show how the novel femtosecond laser ablation system differs from monatomic and gas cluster ion beams by maintaining chemical information during profiles and increasing the range of depth into the sample that can be analyzed. Plus, we’ll also demonstrate how the Hypulse System is a fully-featured surface analysis instrument, and how Thermo Scientific™ Avantage Software can be used to interpret the collected data.<blockquote>Presenter: Robin Simpson, Application Scientist Dr. Simpson is involved in system demonstrations, customer training, and production of marketing content for surface analysis products. He joined the team in 2017 but had close links to the team for four years prior to that while he was undertaking his engineering doctorate at the University of Surrey. During this time, his thesis investigated the effects of argon cluster depth profiling on varied material surfaces using the MAGCIS ion source.Presenter: Paul Mack, Senior Application Scientist Dr. Mack joined Thermo Fisher Scientific in 2001 as an applications scientist, with focus on Auger electron spectroscopy. Soon after joining he became responsible for developing data processing tools for interpreting angle resolved XPS spectra and he also created an algorithm for automatic analysis of XPS survey spectra. As senior applications scientist for XPS, he works in a team that helps our XPS users make the most of their surface analysis tools for materials characterization. Before joining Thermo Fisher, Paul received a master of chemistry degree from the University of Southampton, where he also later studied rotational and vibrational spectroscopy as well as quantum mechanics for his PhD.Presenter: Tim Nunney, Sr. Manager, Application Scientists &amp; Product MarketingDr. Nunney’s role involves all aspects of product marketing for X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, including managing the applications team, customer evaluations, product development, training, and commercial support. He has been with Thermo Fisher Scientific since 2004, previously holding positions as an applications scientist and in operations. Prior to joining Thermo Fisher, Tim worked as a post-doctoral research fellow at the University of Southampton, investigating the dynamics of molecular dissociation on metal surfaces. He completed a PhD in surface science at the University of Liverpool, an MSc in surface science and catalysis at the University of Liverpool, and a BSc in chemistry from the University of Nottingham. Presenter: Hsiang-Han Tseng, Application Scientist Dr. Tseng develops applications workflows for surface spectroscopic tools for sample characterization and analysis and provides customer demonstrations and training. Prior to joining Thermo Fisher, Hsiang-Han obtained her BS in chemistry from National Taiwan Normal University as well as an MRes in nanomaterials and a PhD in materials science, both from Imperial College, London, UK. During her PhD, she investigated the spectroscopic, morphological, and magnetic properties of molecular thin films based on porphyrins and phthalocyanines for organic spintronic applications. &nbsp;Presenter: Simon Bacon, Application Scientist Dr. Bacon specializes in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. His primary role is training customers on highly technical XPS instrumentation and developing novel training methods. He first started working at Thermo Fisher in 2021 as a KTP associate in collaboration with the University of Surrey to develop the prototype instrument for a new XPS product line. Prior to this, Simon studied and worked in a diverse range of scientific disciplines, earning a BSc in biological science from University of Manchester, an MSc and MPhil in forensic science from University of Manchester and Brunel University, respectively, and an EngD in material science from University of Surrey. He also contributed to medical research as a research assistant at MRC and battery research as a research fellow at the Faraday Institution.&nbsp;</blockquote>

Thermo Fisher Scientific: Hypulse Surface Analysis System Demonstration

Hypulse Surface Analysis System Demonstration

Introduce Thermo Scientific Hypulse Surface Analysis System and demonstrate how it can be used to go beyond the limits of ion beam depth profiling.

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Hypulse Surface Analysis System Demonstration

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