Investigating Plastic–Metal Interactions in Aquatic Environments Using Laser Ablation ICP–MS and Chemical Markers

<h4>Types of comparisons&nbsp;</h4>Interlaboratory comparisons mean organisation, performance and evaluation of measurements and tests on the same or similar items by two or more laboratories in accordance with predetermined conditions. Comparisons are organised at all scientific levels, but the objectives, protocols and participants vary. In certification trials, the measurements are used to assign values to reference materials. In method validation studies (collaborative trials), the performance, e.g. trueness and precision of methods, is evaluated. The most accurate measurements are compared world-wide in ’key comparisons’.&nbsp;Proficiency testing (PT) schemes – also known as ‘external quality assessment (EQA) schemes’ or ‘laboratory performance studies’ – are one means of assessing the quality of routine measurements. PT schemes are the most common, and perhaps the most important, type of interlaboratory comparisons.&nbsp;<h4>Advantages of PT&nbsp;</h4>Participation in PT enables you to compare your results with those from other laboratories. It can also provide you with:&nbsp;<ul><li>Regular, objective and independent assessment of the quality of your routine analyses;&nbsp;</li><li>Feedback that stimulates improvement of the technical work;</li><li>Comparative information about method and instrument performance;</li><li>An overview of the quality of specific analyses in a sector, country or region.&nbsp;</li></ul><h4>Limitations of PT&nbsp;</h4>Ideally, PT samples are similar in nature to routine samples, and sufficiently homogeneous and stable not to influence the evaluation of participants’ performance. Due to practical aspects, PT samples are sometimes processed, e.g. stabilised and/or freeze-dried. Participants should be aware of this.&nbsp;PT schemes can be organised and evaluated in many different ways. There is no perfect protocol! For laboratories and their customers, and for accreditation and regulatory bodies, it can be important to know if the same result is judged differently by different PT providers.<h4>Appropriate PT schemes&nbsp;</h4>The huge number of analytes, and the large variety in the way tests are performed, means that it is not always possible to find a scheme that meets a laboratory’s exact requirements. Before signing up for a scheme, carefully check that the test materials, and the analytes and their levels fit your routine measurement procedures. Is the frequency appropriate and does the provider’s report give you sufficient information?&nbsp;<h4>Role of PT in measurement quality&nbsp;</h4>Correct measurements require both internal and external ‘tools’. During the validation step, the performance of the method is established. Subsequent use of control charts will show if the measurements are under statistical control. Many laboratories choose to accredit their services, thereby agreeing to implement a quality management system and accepting regular external audits of their work. Participating in PT is an effective external means to check that the procedures are fit for purpose!&nbsp;<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Eurachem_Proficiency_testing_schemes_and_other_interlaboratory_comparisons_2_7688414cd9.jpg" alt="Eurachem: Proficiency testing schemes and other interlaboratory comparisons" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Eurachem_Proficiency_testing_schemes_and_other_interlaboratory_comparisons_2_7688414cd9.jpg 206w," sizes="100vw" width="848" height="642"><h4>Educational aspects&nbsp;</h4>PT offers opportunities for education and training. Many providers have regular user meetings to discuss results and problem areas. Virtual PT schemes, using digital images of the samples, enable an unlimited number of participants, immediate feedback and repeated assessments.<h4>Accreditation of PT providers&nbsp;</h4>Some providers choose to accredit their PT schemes. The work with organising and evaluating the results will then be assessed according to international guidelines, similar to calibration and testing laboratories.<h4>Use of PT results&nbsp;</h4>Because PT schemes provide an overview of the analytical quality for specific applications, the results are increasingly used by laboratories’ customers, and by accreditation and regulatory bodies. PT helps identify measurement problems, which have a direct impact on trade, environmental monitoring, and health and safety.&nbsp;<h4>More information / further reading&nbsp;</h4>Information about PT providers and schemes can be obtained from your national accreditation body, from the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.eptis.org/">EPTIS website</a> or from other national or international organisations.

Proficiency testing schemes and other interlaboratory comparisons

We are excited to announce that registration for the 12th International Symposium on Recent Advances in Food Analysis (RAFA 2026), along with the call for abstracts and travel grants for young scientists, is now officially open!<h3>Key dates</h3><ul><li>May 31, 2026: Application for Young scientist travel grant</li><li>June 30, 2026<ul><li>Application for participation as a Sponsor or Exhibitor or Media partner</li><li>Abstract submission for oral presentation</li><li>Reduced registration fee</li></ul></li><li>August 31, 2026: Abstract submission for poster presentation</li><li>September 30, 2026: Last minute posters submission</li><li>November 3 - 6, 20026: 12th International Symposium on Recent Advances in Food Analysis (RAFA 2026) in Prague, Czech Republic</li></ul><h3>Registration</h3><blockquote>👉<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://rafa.easyevent.eu/tickets/">Registration for RAFA 2026 is OPEN!</a>Early-bird registration until 30 June, 2026</blockquote>After successful submission of your registration, you will receive by e-mail (i) an automatic confirmation of receipt indicating the total amount of payment due (either for bank transfer or for on-line payment by card), (ii) login to Member section where you can administrate your profile, submit your abstracts, and from September 2026 register for satellite events, workshops and seminars. If it will not be delivered within a few minutes after submission of your registration please contact us at RAFA2026@vscht.cz.As soon as payment of registration fee is processed, you will also receive by e-mail (iii) confirmation of payment.<h4>Important notice:</h4>Registration fee of those who have submitted an abstract for oral or poster presentation has to be received until September 30, 2026, otherwise these contribution(s) will not be included into the Book of Abstracts and the Conference programme.<h4>Registration Fees</h4><ul><li>Smart rate (Until 30 June, 2026): € 655</li><li>Regular registration (Until 30 September, 2026): € 855</li><li>Late registration (From 1 October, 2026): € 955</li><li>Student rate*&nbsp;<ul><li>Until 30 June, 2026: € 465</li><li>From 1 July, 2026: € 605</li></ul></li></ul>* The proof of student status (e.g. copy of a student identify card) is requested as an attachment of the registration form.<h5>The regular registration fee will include:</h5><ul><li>Attendance at all scientific sessions, workshops, seminars, vendor seminars and other satellite events</li><li>Access to the poster and exhibition area</li><li>Conference kit (name badge, conference bag, conference documents, certificate of participation, certificate of presentation on request)</li><li>Final programme</li><li>E-Book of Abstracts</li><li>Coffee breaks</li><li>Buffet luncheons</li><li>Welcome drink</li></ul>In the registration form you can register free of charge for the welcome drink and you can also order ticket(s) for the conference dinner (€ 85).Please note that your registration is firm when your payment has been received.<h3>Abstract submission</h3><blockquote>👉<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://rafa.easyevent.eu/tickets/">CALL for ABSTRACTS is OPEN!</a>In order to submit an abstract, you must first register to attend RAFA 2026. After registration you will receive an access to the Member section where you can submit your abstract(s).</blockquote>&nbsp;After successful submission of your abstract you will receive an automatic confirmation of receipt of submitted abstract via e-mail. If it will not be delivered within a few minutes after submission of your abstract please check at first your spam box-mail and then contact us at RAFA2026@vscht.cz.Please ensure that your abstract does not contain spelling, grammatical or scientific errors. Even though modifications of your submitted abstract will be allowed in the Abstract section of the Member section until the deadline for the abstract submission, please be confident on the lack of errors in your final version prior to starting the submission process.The abstract will be reproduced exactly as submitted. No proofreading will be done, although some corrections may be requested by the reviewers.If you need to withdraw your abstract, a written statement reflecting the reasons for this decision must be sent to RAFA2026@vscht.cz no later than September 30, 2026.<h4>Important notice:</h4><blockquote>1 registered participant can submit no more than 2 abstracts.</blockquote>To apply for a young scientist’s oral presentation, as an indication please respect the rule that you should be born in 1991 or later.The text of the abstract should be limited to 3000 characters including spaces. Tables and pictures are not allowed.Abstracts of oral presentations and posters will be included into the "e-Book of Abstracts" only after receipt of the conference registration fee. Any payment of the registration fee has to be received until September 30, 2026, otherwise contribution(s) will not be included into the e-Book of Abstracts and the Conference programme.<h3>Special opportunities for young scientists:</h3><ul><li>Dedicated slots for oral presentations within the main scientific programme</li><li>Competitive travel grants for young scientists</li><li>Award(s) for the best poster presentation(s)</li></ul>Whether you are a PhD student or an early-career researcher, RAFA 2026 offers a unique opportunity to present your work, gain international exposure and connect with leading experts in the field.Be part of this inspiring scientific event and join us in Prague!

RAFA 2026 - Registration & Call for Abstracts are now OPEN

Article

Events

Academy

Video

Food

Scientific article

Science and research

RAFA provides an overview of contemporary trends in ANALYTICAL & BIOANALYTICAL STRATEGIES IN FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY CONTROL and discusses CHALLENGES / NOVEL APPROACHES IN FOOD AND NATURAL PRODUCTS ANALYSIS.

Recent Advances in Food Analysis (RAFA)

Eurachem is a European network promoting international traceability of chemical measurements and good analytical practice. It provides expert guidance, supports method validation, uncertainty evaluation, proficiency testing, and facilitates discussion on technical and policy issues in analytical quality.

Eurachem

Everything from the world of analytical chemistry in one place. We connect people in solving their problems. At Labrulez you will find all the necessary information easily, quickly and clearly. Stop searching and start finding.

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Anton Paar

Agilent Technologies

Milestone

Bruker

LECO

<div><div id="inner_content_body_text" data-content-id="394785">Humidity plays a crucial role in determining the behavior and performance of polymeric and soft materials. This webinar explores how varying levels of humidity influence material responses such as rheology, tackiness, and tribological behavior.Through controlled humidity experiments, the session demonstrates how water absorption and desorption alter material properties like modulus, viscosity, curing, and flowability of different materials. Case studies will include practical examples across diverse applications, such as polymer films, adhesives, food products, powders, and coatings. Humidity is shown to have both reversible and irreversible effects on the softening of gelatin and tackiness of chewing gum to the curing of silicone sealants, and flowability of powders.Participants will gain insights into how humidity affects product performance, shelf life, and processing—leading to better design, formulation, and quality control in research and industrial applications<blockquote>Presenter: Mohammed Naimul Hoque, PhDMohammed Naimul Hoque is an Advanced Application Engineer – Rheology at Anton Paar USA, specializing in the rheological characterization of complex fluids and colloids. His work involves customer sample testing, collaborating with academic and industrial clients, and providing training on rheological instruments and techniques.Prior to joining Anton Paar, Naimul earned his PhD in Mechanical Engineering from Texas Tech University, where his research focused on modeling the flow behavior of colloidal dispersions and predicting their extrusion behavior using extensional rheological techniques, such as dripping-onto-substrate (DoS) rheometry.</blockquote></div></div>

Anton Paar: Polymer Rheology: Impact of Humidity on Material Behavior

Polymer Rheology: Impact of Humidity on Material Behavior

Explore the effects of humidity on polymers and soft materials, including rheology, tackiness, curing, and flowability, with practical case studies.

Impact of Humidity on Material Behavior

<h4>Food &amp; Feed Sample Preparation Webinar Series</h4>Ensuring food and feed quality requires reliable determination of both contaminants and nutrients, yet sample preparation remains one of the most challenging and time-consuming steps in the analytical workflow. This webinar series introduces modern approaches to digestion and extraction that improve data quality, reduce reprocessing, and increase laboratory productivity. Through four dedicated events, covering heavy metals, organic contaminants, macro/trace minerals, and nutritional parameters such as fats, FAMEs, and amino acids, participants will discover optimized, practical workflows tailored to real-world food and feed testing.<h4>Session: Heavy Metals in Food: Digestion Strategies and Complete Sample Prep Workflow</h4>Heavy metals such as Pb, Cd, As, and Hg are strictly regulated in food and feed, requiring robust digestion and a well-controlled sample preparation workflow. This webinar covers best practices for microwave digestion of diverse food matrices using systems such as ETHOS and ultraWAVE 2 eco. A case study on baby food will illustrate common challenges such as matrix complexity, contamination control, and blank management. Participants will learn how to build a reliable sample-to-analysis workflow that ensures accuracy, reduces re-runs, and supports regulatory compliance.<blockquote>Speaker: Giulio Colnaghi (Marketing Manager, Milestone Srl)</blockquote>

Milestone: Food & Feed Sample Preparation Webinar Series

Heavy Metals in Food: Digestion Strategies and Complete Sample Prep Workflow

This webinar covers best practices for microwave digestion of diverse food matrices using systems such as ETHOS and ultraWAVE 2 eco. 

Digestion Strategies and Complete Sample Prep Workflow

<div><div container-id="cq-colctrl-lt0" comp-id="A1"><div>This webinar will focus on the importance of carbon and nitrogen determination in adhesives, laminates, and cement fiber board used in construction and engineered wood products. Attendees will learn how elemental analysis supports resin formulation, quality control, and performance optimization, particularly for urea-formaldehyde–based systems where elemental ratios directly impact strength, durability, and emissions.The session will cover combustion-based analytical techniques for measuring carbon and nitrogen across a wide range of sample types, including liquids, viscous resins, and heterogeneous composites. Instrument operation, calibration strategies, and practical sample preparation approaches will be discussed to help laboratories achieve accurate, precise, and repeatable results.In addition, the webinar will address carbon determination in cement fiber board and explain how carbon content reflects cellulose and wood pulp additions that influence flexibility, weight, and consistency. Real-world examples will demonstrate how elemental analysis data can be used to support manufacturing consistency and regulatory compliance.<blockquote>Presenter: Fred Schultz (Former Application Chemist, LECO)</blockquote></div></div></div>

LECO: Carbon and Nitrogen Determination in Adhesives, Laminates, and Cement Fiber Board

Carbon and Nitrogen Determination in Adhesives, Laminates, and Cement Fiber Board

Webinar on carbon and nitrogen elemental analysis for adhesives and cement fiber board quality control and performance optimization.

Carbon and Nitrogen Determination in Adhesives, Laminates

<div><div container-id="cq-colctrl-lt0" comp-id="A1"><div>This webinar presents an integrated characterization approach for lithium‑ion battery materials, covering elemental chemistry with electrode microstructure from anode to cathode.Attendees will learn about multiple different analyses that can be applied to graphite, lithium iron phosphate (LiFePo4), and lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) materials, including thermogravimetric analysis, combustion-based Carbon and Sulfur analysis, and inert gas fusion for Oxygen and Nitrogen analysis.The session also covers metallographic analysis of electrodes on thin Copper and Aluminum foils to support process control and performance optimization.<blockquote>Presenter: Aaron Walczewski (Director of Product, LECO Corporation)Presenter: Ariyona Palmer (Application Scientist, LECO Corporation)Presenter: Lauren Heirty (Application Scientist, LECO Corporation)</blockquote></div></div></div>

LECO: From Anode to Cathode: Integrated Characterization Solutions for Advanced Battery Materials

From Anode to Cathode: Integrated Characterization Solutions for Advanced Battery Materials

This webinar presents an integrated characterization approach for lithium‑ion battery materials

Solutions for Advanced Battery Materials

The analysis of high matrix samples like soils and sediments by ICP-MS can be challenging and time-consuming, especially for laboratories with a high sample load. The multi-element measurement capability of ICP-MS means that analysts can quantify many elements in a sample. However, determining a large suite of elements typically requires the analyst to prepare multiple suitable calibration standards for those elements. Also, given the complexity and high total solids content of some environmental samples, a lot of analyst time is needed to prepare the samples for analysis. Once prepared, analysts may need to further dilute the samples to ensure that all elements are measured within the calibration range, which takes more time and resources disrupting the analytical workflow. This presentation will discuss the advantages and enhancements of MH 5.4 and the Agilent ADS2/AVS system for routine analysis.<blockquote>Presenter: L. Craig Jones (ICP-MS Application Scientist, Agilent Technologies, Inc.)Craig has been with Agilent for over 15 years as an ICP-MS applications scientist. He has been involved with multiple type of applications for ICP-MS, including environmental, pharmaceutical, semiconductor, geologic, and clinical analyses, to name a few. Previous to Agilent he worked in an environmental lab performing analysis and supervising both the inorganic and organic sections of the laboratory. In his spare time, Craig enjoys volunteering at the local marine science center, mountain biking, hiking, and relaxing at the beach. Craig obtained a Bachelor of Science degree in chemistry from Fort Lewis College in Durango, CO.</blockquote>

Agilent Technologies: Atomic Spectroscopic webinars

Improve your ICP-MS productivity and workflow with the ADS2/AVS

Webinar on optimizing ICP-MS analysis of high-matrix samples using MassHunter 5.4 and ADS2/AVS, focusing on calibration efficiency and streamlined workflows.

ICP-MS productivity and workflow with ADS2/AVS

FTIR spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique that connects molecular vibrations to practical chemical measurements. In this webinar, we review the fundamentals of FTIR spectroscopy, including how infrared absorption arises from molecular structure, why IR spectra provide unique chemical fingerprints, and how quantitative information can be extracted using Beer–Lambert–based calibration with carefully selected spectral bands. These core concepts form the foundation for applying FTIR reliably to complex chemical systems, including aqueous samples, using the Agilent Cary 630 FTIR spectrometer.&nbsp;The webinar then transitions to the practical challenge of measuring oil and grease in water—an important requirement for wastewater, process water, and environmental monitoring. ClearShot™ Extraction Technology, developed by OSS Maine, provides a cost-effective, safe, and accurate approach for quantifying total oil and grease without the use of hazardous solvents. When paired with FTIR analysis, this workflow enables rapid measurements across a wide concentration range, supporting efficient, reliable water analysis.<blockquote>Presenter:&nbsp; Yanqia Wang, PhD (Application Engineer, Molecular Spectroscopy, Agilent Technologies, Inc.)Dr. Yanqia Wang started working for Agilent Technologies Inc. as a FTIR application Engineer in 2013, providing pre-&amp;post-sale application support. The products he covers from Bench-top FTIR microscopes to various Mobile FTIR spectrometers. Dr. Wang received his PhD of analytical chemistry from Duke University in 2004, doing dynamic IR spectroscopy research. Then he joined Fitzpatrick Center for Photonics at Duke University, doing Tissue Raman spectrometer instrumentation. Since 2007, Dr. Wang worked for Avery Dennison Corp. as a spectroscopist, providing molecular analytical support to the research &amp; development.</blockquote>

Agilent Technologies: Molecular spectroscopy webinars

FTIR in Action: From Spectroscopy Fundamentals to Oil and Grease Analysis in Water

Webinar on FTIR fundamentals and oil & grease analysis in water using ClearShot™ extraction and Agilent Cary 630 for rapid, reliable environmental testing.

FTIR Fundamentals & Oil and Grease Analysis in Water

This workshop will review the different substrates used for microplastics analysis and will focus on best practices for sample measurement and sotware functions in Clarity software for the analysis of microplastics.<blockquote>Presenter:&nbsp; Louis Tisinger, PhD (Application Engineer, Molecular Spectroscopy, Agilent Technologies, Inc.)Louis (Lou) Tisinger has a Ph.D. in Analytical Chemistry from Miami University in Oxford Ohio, where his graduate research involved the study of ATR imaging and microscope performance in vibrational spectroscopy. Most of his career has been related to pre- and post-sales support of FTIR spectrometers, microscopes, imaging systems, and thermal analytical instruments, focusing on analyzing customer samples, demonstrations, post-sales training, troubleshooting, and R&amp;D.</blockquote>

A Workshop on Substrates and Software tools for Microplastics Analysis using the LDIR

This workshop will review the different substrates used for microplastics analysis and will focus on best practices for sample measurement and sotware functions

Software tools for Microplastics Analysis using LDIR

Direct Lithium Extraction (DLE) selectively recovers lithium from underground brines, producing high-purity lithium salts for batteries. Accurate analysis of major and trace elements is essential for quality control, but high dissolved solids and wide analyte ranges make lithium brines challenging to analyze. In this seminar, an Agilent 5900 ICP-OES with the Advanced Dilution System 2 (ADS 2) quantified key elements in different brine samples from DLE (raw, tail and lithium concentrate). The method demonstrated excellent matrix tolerance, long-term stability, and reliable elemental profiling, supporting robust quality control throughout the DLE workflow.<blockquote>Presenter: Ana García González (Atomic Spectroscopy Application Scientist, Agilent Technologies)Ana Garcia is the Atomic Spectroscopy Application Scientist at Agilent Technologies. Ana has a broad background in atomic spectroscopy technologies, including international experience developing and validating analytical spectroscopy methods for the geochemical industry. She has also published in the fields of molecular spectroscopy and chemometrics. Ana holds a MSc in plant Biotechnology at CINVESTAV, México, and a Bachelor of Science in Biotechnology Engineering.</blockquote>

High-Throughput ICP-OES Analysis of Elements in Brines from Direct Lithium Extraction

Learn how ICP-OES and advanced dilution improve elemental analysis of lithium brines in Direct Lithium Extraction for reliable quality control.

ICP-OES Analysis of Elements in Brines

To match the demand of the increase of food testing in various laboratories, a reliable automatic calibration and dilution sample introduction system is employed in the elemental analysis of food products by ICP-MS. The new sample introduction system combines calibration preparation, pre-dilution and reactive re-dilution of samples into one simple step during method setup. This simplifies the operation and analysis, which minimizes contamination and human error, ensures accuracy and traceability, in addition to enhancing lab personnel training. In addition, to ensure accuracy of the results, half mass correction is employed to combat the common doubly charge interference by rare earth metals. This presentation will discuss the mechanics of this sample introduction system, as well as results obtained by ICP-MS.<blockquote>Presenter: Yan Cheung, PhD (Application Scientist, Agilent Technologies, Inc.)Yan received her Ph.D. in Analytical Chemistry from Indiana University Bloomington. She joined Agilent Technologies as an Application Scientist in the Life Science and Chemical Analysis team in April 2020. Yan has extensive experience in operating and method development in ICP-MS. Yan also has years of experience working in the oil and gas industry.</blockquote>

What have you been smoking? Elemental Analysis in Cannabis and Cannabis Products with ICP-MS

Discover how automated calibration and dilution improve ICP-MS food testing accuracy, efficiency, and interference control for reliable elemental analysis.

Elemental Analysis in Cannabis and Products with ICP-MS

Join us for a concise 40-minute session, where Bruker's experts guide you through the different EDS measurement approaches using conventional geometry and an annular approach (QUANTAX FlatQUAD) making the best choice for challenging analytical tasks.In this webinar we will:<ul><li>Present and compare EDS results with different measurement setups on various challenging samples with technological relevance (nonconductive and/or beam sensitive materials).</li><li>Review sample preparation strategies and how they affect the EDS measurements.</li></ul>Finding optimal measurement setup for energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and conditions for a given analytical task can be a complex matter. The common requirements for SEM-EDS analysis, such as “the sample has to be flat/polished and electrically conductive” cannot be met all times. In many cases, samples have to be analyzed under native or as-received conditions, and the microscopist must find the right setup and conditions to provide answers in the shortest possible time.The optimal analytical setup is a combination of the right choice of EDS detector, sample preparation options, SEM imaging/measurement and vacuum conditions. &nbsp;This webinar will present a comparative approach to demonstrate which combination of these parameters provides best conditions to answer the current analytical question.Among others we will compare optimized results and how to achieve these on the following samples with:<ul><li>No or low electrical conductivity (building materials and polymers with fracture test surfaces).</li><li>Rough surface morphology (fibers on filter with particles to detect).</li><li>High beam sensitivity (“soft” materials and life science samples).</li></ul><h5>Who should attend?</h5><ul><li>Industry professionals wanting to use EDS as a fast and accurate material characterization method.</li><li>Electron Microscopists dealing with complex samples and analytical tasks.</li><li>Anyone interested in elemental analysis for materials science, life science, building materials and polymers.</li></ul><blockquote>Speaker:&nbsp;Dr. Igor Németh (Application Scientist EDS, Bruker Nano Analytics)Speaker:&nbsp;Dr. Purvesh Soni (Sr. Applications Scientist EDS, Bruker Electron Microscope Analyzers)</blockquote>

Bruker: EDS Analysis of Fibers, Polymers, and Ceramics – Best Practices

EDS Analysis of Fibers, Polymers, and Ceramics – Best Practices

Present and compare EDS results with different measurement setups on various challenging samples with technological relevance.

Related content

RAFA 2026 - Registration & Call for Abstracts are now OPEN

Proficiency testing schemes and other interlaboratory comparisons

Investigating Plastic–Metal Interactions in Aquatic Environments Using Laser Ablation ICP–MS and Chemical Markers