This study examines the combustion behavior of B4C/Bi2O3 pyrotechnic delay compositions as sustainable alternatives to conventional materials. Thermodynamic modeling and experimental testing were used to evaluate the influence of compaction pressure, particle size, and granule size on burning performance.Results showed that increased compaction reduced burning rates by lowering porosity and shifting combustion from convective to conductive mechanisms. Residue and gas analyses supported a multistage reaction pathway, demonstrating the potential of B4C/Bi2O3 formulations for environmentally improved pyrotechnic applications.<blockquote><h4>The original article</h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10964">Sustainable Pyrotechnics: Combustion Behavior of B4C/Bi2O3 for Delay Compositions</a></h4>Danillo F. Vianna Cantini, Vojtěch Pelikán*, Eva Schmidová, Jiří PachmanACS Omega 2026, 11, 3, 4668–4683<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c10964">https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c10964</a><h6>licensed under <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC-BY 4.0</a></h6></blockquote>Selected sections from the article follow. Formats and hyperlinks were adapted from the original.<div>Pyrotechnic delay compositions are formulations designed to create a specific delay time, determined primarily by their burning rate. These compositions are essential in timing energetic events and are used extensively in both civilian and military applications. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(1)</a> This broad usage leads to diverse motivations for studying such materials. In civilian contexts, such as mining, the focus is typically on safety and cost-effectiveness. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(2)</a> For military purposes, reliability and precision are key factors, often with stringent performance requirements. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(3)</a>Pyrotechnic delay compositions are classified based on their combustion behavior into gassy or gasless types. In confined, sealed and obturated environments, gasless compositions are favored, to avoid gas buildup. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(1,4)</a> However, in unconfined or vented systems, gassy compositions are not problematic. For example, in fireworks, where combustion gases freely dissipate, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(1)</a> or in vented housings like hand grenades or signaling devices, gassy delays are acceptable. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(5,6)</a>In gassy compositions, the burning rate is influenced by the loading (or consolidation) pressure. Hot gases generated by the chemical reaction penetrate gas channels (voids) in the material, igniting unreacted material through a process known as convective heating. As loading pressure increases, these voids are gradually reduced, which diminishes convection and subsequently lowers the burning rate. In contrast, for gasless compositions, burning is driven by conductive heating, where heat is transferred through direct particle-to-particle contact, leading to the opposite effect. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(7−9)</a>Historically, up until World War II, black powder served as the foundation for most delay elements. Nowadays, it continues to be utilized for this function and others, but on smaller scales. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(1)</a> Some more recent and traditional formulations for pyrotechnic compositions include fuels like silicon, boron, tungsten, zinc, iron, zirconium, and manganese. Examples of these are Si/Pb3O4, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(8,10)</a> B/BaCrO4 <a href="javascript:void(0);">(8)</a>, W/BaCrO4/KClO4, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(5,6,11)</a> Zn/PbO2, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(12)</a> Fe/BaO2, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(13)</a> Zr/KClO4, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(8)</a> and Mn/PbCrO4/BaCrO4. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(14)</a>Currently, researchers are actively developing several new formulations for pyrotechnic delays. One of the main motivations for this is the need to transform these compositions into “greener” ones. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(1,2)</a> This means that compositions that could cause problems for the environment or human health should be avoided. To achieve this sustainability, the identification and replacement of known or potentially harmful, toxic, and carcinogenic compounds is vital. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(10)</a> Heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants, toxic gases, volatile organic compounds and known causers of human health problems are examples of such substances to be removed. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(2,5,15)</a>Specifically, there are several attempts to replace lead, barium, chromates, and perchlorates. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(15)</a> The reason is that most of the established delay formulations used today contain these substances. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(2,5)</a> Lead, barium and chromium (contained in chromates) are heavy metals and are known to cause serious health problems in human, specially to nervous, cardiovascular and respiratory systems. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(5,16)</a> Perchlorates are well-documented substances and are used in various pyrotechnic applications. However, they are widely recognized as contributors to thyroid issues. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(5)</a>From the above, it is clear that modern strategies in pyrotechnics are increasingly focused on developing new materials that prioritize both efficiency and sustainability. This shift imposes numerous restrictions, meaning that formulations must be designed with precise planning and thorough investigation to meet both performance and environmental standards.Boron could be considered the ideal fuel for pyrotechnic reactions due to its high energy content. However, it presents combustion issues for its limited reactivity due to boron oxide layer and boron agglomerates formation upon heating. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(17)</a> The boron oxide layer acts as a barrier, hindering oxygen (O) diffusion and consequently limiting the oxidation of boron. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(18)</a>Boron carbide (B4C) is a natural candidate for combustion processes due to its lower ignition point, which is attributed to its higher reactivity. This reactivity stems from the diffusion of carbon (C) particles, which oxidize into gaseous products. These gaseous products create diffusion channels that penetrate the boron oxide layer, breaking down the layer and agglomerates, thereby further improving the reaction. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(18,19)</a> B4C presents better combustion properties, with better burning stability and reliable self-propagation, resulting in better combustion efficiency. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(17)</a>Bismuth trioxide (Bi2O3) is an attractive oxidizer for pyrotechnic delay compositions due to several advantageous properties. Its high oxygen content and efficient oxygen release facilitate sustained combustion, while its favorable thermal properties, including a relatively low melting and decomposition temperature, ensure that oxygen is available at precisely the right moment to support a controlled reaction. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(20)</a> Additionally, Bi2O3 high density allows for compact formulations, promoting consistent and reliable burn rates. Also, it has a low heat of formation (approximately −582 kJ/mol), which is crucial to minimize the energy required to initiate its decomposition. This enhances the overall reaction efficiency, allowing Bi2O3 to rapidly release oxygen without consuming excessive energy, thus ensuring sustainable and stable combustion. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(8)</a>In addition to their technical advantages, Bi2O3 and B4C offer a significant environmental benefit: they are considered more eco-friendly compared to other materials commonly used in pyrotechnic compositions. Bi2O3 serves as a less toxic alternative to traditional oxidizers like lead-based compounds, reducing the risk of environmental contamination and exposure to harmful heavy metals. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(1,8,16)</a> Similarly, B4C contributes to cleaner combustion, producing fewer pollutants and minimizing the environmental impact. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(5)</a> This makes both materials not only effective but also greener choices for sustainable pyrotechnic applications.<h4>2. Experimental Section</h4><h5>2.8. Material Characterization</h5>Particle and granule size distribution were measured with a Malvern Mastersizer 3000 (Malvern Panalytical). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was carried out with a TESCAN MIRA (TESCAN) to examine morphology and confirm particle size. A 40 cm3 combustion chamber was used to analyze pressure profile, quantify solid residues, and collect combustion gases for further analysis. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was performed using a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2392">Nicolet iS50 FT-IR</a> (Thermo Scientific) and standardized nitrogen (N2) background to identify gas-phase products. Thermal stability and water content assessments were conducted using TGA (NETZSCH TG 209 F3 Tarsus) and DSC (NETZSCH DSC 200 F3 Maia). Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) was performed using a Bruker Quantax 200 (Bruker) for semiquantitative chemical composition analysis of the combustion residues. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were performed using a Rigaku MiniFlex diffractometer for complementary phase identification, while surface chemical states were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) using a Scienta Omicron ESCA2SR system.<h4>3. Results and Discussion</h4><h5>3.7. FTIR Analysis of Combustion Gases</h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10964#fig10">Figure 10</a> compares the FTIR spectra of combustion chamber gases from stoichiometric (blue) and fuel-rich (red) tests, highlighting CO and CO2 as the main species, consistent with Horiuchi. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(18)</a> Normalizing their absorbance to concentration using standard references yielded CO2/CO ratios of 0.67 (stoichiometric) and 0.34 (fuel-rich). However, a quantitative analysis is approximate and inherently imprecise, as potential contamination during gas collection and measurement could affect the results, given the challenge of maintaining a completely controlled internal atmosphere. A small fraction of hydrocarbon species (e.g., CH4, C2H4, and C2H2) was also identified in both samples.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ACS_Omega_2026_11_3_4668_4683_Figure_10_Comparative_FTIR_spectra_of_combustion_gas_compositions_in_a_combustion_chamber_ac7b7daf84.jpg" alt="ACS Omega 2026, 11, 3, 4668–4683: Figure 10. Comparative FTIR spectra of combustion gas compositions in a combustion chamber." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ACS_Omega_2026_11_3_4668_4683_Figure_10_Comparative_FTIR_spectra_of_combustion_gas_compositions_in_a_combustion_chamber_ac7b7daf84.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1956" height="989">While experimental results indicate a higher CO2 presence than predicted, the overall trend aligns with expectations─higher fuel content shifts combustion products toward less oxidized species. Notably, the identified gaseous products are relatively simple and exhibit low toxicity compared to halogenated or metal-containing species commonly found in traditional pyrotechnic formulations, supporting the potential of this system as a more environmentally friendly alternative.Since the reaction involves both condensed-phase reactants and products, characterizing the solid residues is essential to evaluate the extent of reaction and gain insight into the actual progression of the reaction pathway. For this, SEM imaging and EDS analysis were employed to investigate the morphology and elemental composition of the combustion residues.<h5>3.8. SEM and EDS of Burning Residues</h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10964#fig11">Figure 11</a> presents the SEM analysis of solid residues from the combustion of B4. <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acsomega.5c10964/suppl_file/ao5c10964_si_001.pdf">Figure S5</a> exhibits images of the other samples. <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10964#fig11">Figure 11</a>a shows the top view of the burned delay element, revealing the distribution of residues across the surface, while <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10964#fig11">Figure 11</a>b provides a magnified view of a region rich in bright spherical structures. These spheres are likely bismuth that transitioned through a liquid or gaseous phase during the reaction and solidified upon cooling. This phenomenon of spherical formation due to phase transition is well-documented in the literature. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(33)</a><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ACS_Omega_2026_11_3_4668_4683_Figure_11_SEM_analysis_of_B4_after_burning_8fc7a8f520.jpg" alt="ACS Omega 2026, 11, 3, 4668–4683: Figure 11. SEM analysis of B4 after burning: (a) top view (50 ×) of the burned delay element showing the distribution of solid residues across the surface; (b) magnified view (1 k×) of a region rich in bright spherical structures." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ACS_Omega_2026_11_3_4668_4683_Figure_11_SEM_analysis_of_B4_after_burning_8fc7a8f520.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="2092" height="831"><h5>3.10. Surface Chemistry of Combustion Residues (XPS)</h5>Survey spectrum scans identified the main photoelectron lines corresponding to carbon, oxygen, boron, and bismuth. High-resolution scans for the O 1s, C 1s, B 1s, and Bi 4f regions of B4 are presented in <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10964#fig19">Figure 19</a>, allowing detailed peak deconvolution and chemical assignment.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ACS_Omega_2026_11_3_4668_4683_Figure_19_XPS_high_resolution_spectra_of_O_1s_C_1s_B_1s_and_Bi_4f_regions_for_B4_5c6064d013.jpg" alt="ACS Omega 2026, 11, 3, 4668–4683: Figure 19. XPS high-resolution spectra of O 1s, C 1s, B 1s, and Bi 4f regions for B4." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ACS_Omega_2026_11_3_4668_4683_Figure_19_XPS_high_resolution_spectra_of_O_1s_C_1s_B_1s_and_Bi_4f_regions_for_B4_5c6064d013.jpg 214w," sizes="100vw" width="2049" height="1498">The analysis confirmed B2O3 as a major surface product and indicated the presence of unreacted B4C in the B4 sample through B–C bonds. sp2 carbon was also detected in B4, suggesting possible graphite formation, as predicted in thermodynamic calculations. A2 showed more Bi3+ than B4, supporting that the stoichiometric composition had more residual Bi2O3, while the fuel-rich B4 sample promoted greater reduction to Bi0. The presence of Bi3+ on the surface observed may result from postcombustion reoxidation of Bi0. These results reinforce the proposed reaction pathway and the role of fuel excess in enhancing reaction completeness. In this analysis, the B 1s spectrum further confirms the absence of BN by the lack of B–N peaks, consistent with the EDS results, which also revealed no detectable nitrogen signal.All experimental findings contribute to the fundamental understanding of boron carbide and bismuth oxide reactions under both basic and applied conditions, particularly in delay compositions. These results provide new insights into the reaction pathway and the underlying combustion mechanism.<h4>4. Conclusions</h4>Stoichiometric formulations of B4C/Bi2O3, which ignited when not pressed, failed to burn after being lightly compacted; a fuel-rich composition is necessary to ensure combustion. The fuel-rich compositions ignited readily and maintained combustion without quenching. Water facilitated the granulation process and improved the final composition. With increasing loading pressure, burning rates decrease due to reduced convective heat transfer, leading the combustion process to transition toward a conductive regime. Particle size also impacted combustion, particularly with larger Bi2O3 particles, which influenced the combustion profile up to a certain threshold. Additionally, the granule size of the final composition was found to alter the burning behavior, with larger granules promoting faster combustion at lower pressures.Thermodynamic calculations provided an initial insight into the reaction process. The findings show that the reaction progresses through distinct stages: starting in a solid–solid preignition phase, transitioning to a solid–liquid phase as components melt, and culminating in a gas phase marked by significant product volatilization, illustrating a complete combustion evolution.FTIR analysis confirmed that the main gaseous products are CO and CO2, indicating reduced environmental toxicity. Elemental and phase analyses confirmed that the reaction followed the expected pathway, with Bi and B2O3 as the predominant products. No Bi2O3 was detected by XRD, indicating that the oxidizer was fully consumed in the bulk. Morphological analysis of the products suggests that, upon cooling, bismuth solidifies into small metallic spheres, while surface analysis indicates that B2O3 remains predominantly in the outer layer. Altogether, the results are consistent and complementary, reinforcing the reliability and scientific rigor of the study.All these observations accentuate the necessity of conducting experiments under application-specific conditions. These findings not only enhance our understanding of the combustion dynamics of low toxicity B4C/Bi2O3 mixtures but also underscore their potential for practical applications requiring precise delay times and environmental sustainability. The successful use of water as a green solvent further highlights the viability of developing sustainable pyrotechnic compositions. This research advances the field by providing valuable insights into optimizing performance while minimizing environmental impact through careful material selection and process control.</div>

Sustainable Pyrotechnics: Combustion Behavior of B4C/Bi2O3 for Delay Compositions

In the week from May 11, the following webinars await you in the field of atomic and molecular spectroscopy and spectrometry<blockquote><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinars">👉 DETAILS AND REGISTRATION IN THE WEBINARS SECTION</a></h4>👉 Search and filter in the largest global database with over 5 500 GC, LC, MS and spectroscopy webinars.</blockquote><h5>1. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Uncovering Microplastics: Identification, Quantification, and Exposure Assessment</h5><ul><li>Tu, 12.5.2026 08:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6136">Registration</a></li></ul>In this webinar, we will explore complementary analytical solutions for comprehensive microplastics characterization.<h5>2. SPECTRO Analytical Instruments: Elemental Analysis of Superalloys: Ensuring Performance in Extreme Applications</h5><ul><li>Tu, 12.5.2026 10:30 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6170">Registration</a></li></ul>Learn how accurate elemental analysis ensures superalloy performance, with OES and XRF solutions for reliable quality control from lab to field.<h5>3. Agilent Technologies: What have you been smoking? Elemental Analysis in Cannabis and Cannabis Products with ICP-MS</h5><ul><li>Tu, 12.5.2026 20:30 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6063">Registration</a></li></ul>Learn how automated calibration and dilution streamline ICP-MS food testing workflows, improving accuracy, traceability, and productivity while addressing rare-earth doubly charged interferences.<h5>4. AZoM: Faster REE Exploration Decisions with XRF Technology Explained</h5><ul><li>We, 13.5.2026 16:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6195">Registration</a></li></ul>Join the webinar to see how handheld XRF provides a significant advantage in today's fast-paced REE landscape.<h5>5. Bruker: Advancing Industrial Metrology Automation with Bruker's Dimension AFMs</h5><ul><li>We, 13.5.2026 17:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6172">Registration</a></li></ul>This webinar will explore how Dimension AFM platforms support increasing levels of automation, from scripted measurements to data-driven control.<h5>6. Anton Paar: Polymer Rheology: Impact of Humidity on Material Behavior</h5><ul><li>We, 13.5.2026 18:00 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/5801">Registration</a></li></ul>Discover how humidity impacts polymers and soft materials. Learn how moisture alters rheology, tackiness, curing, and flowability through real case studies across films, adhesives, foods, and powders.<h5>7. LECO: TOC Determination in Soil and Waste</h5><ul><li>Th, 14.5.2026 14:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6038">Registration</a></li></ul>Join this webinar to explore modern methods for TOC determination in soils and waste. Learn how standardized approaches, instrumentation, and method selection influence data quality and regulatory compliance.

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Routine chemical analysis typically involves several steps, e.g. selection of procedure, sampling, sample preparation, measurement, result calculation, uncertainty estimation, and reporting to customer. Based on the result, important decisions and actions are taken. The steps before and after the measurement are often referred to as “pre- and post-analytical”. There are many sources of uncertainty associated with this work, some of which can actually limit the overall quality.&nbsp;Proficiency testing (PT) and external quality assessment (EQA) schemes are effective means of assessing the quality of routine analyses. However, if there are specific procedures, either before or after the measurement, which are applied to the routine samples, but not to the PT test sample, the result reflects only the quality of part of the measurement process. Pre- and post-analytical PT/ EQA schemes are already widely used in laboratory medicine. The standard ISO 15189, that underpins accreditation of medical laboratories, stresses that EQA schemes should “... have the effect of checking the entire process including pre- and post-examination procedures ...”&nbsp;The examples in this leaflet illustrate the potential and importance of pre- and post-analytical PT/EQA. They are intended as an inspiration for the providers to further develop their external quality control activities.<h4>Pre- and post-analytical PT/EQA – a means for harmonisation&nbsp;</h4>By illustrating, e.g. lack of adherence to guidelines, or variation in sample preparation, or inconsistency in interpretation, pre- and post-analytical PT/EQA schemes pinpoint problems not apparent in other schemes. This may lead to improved harmonisation and changes to guidelines and standards.<h4>Example 1: Interpreting clinical chemistry information&nbsp;</h4>Patient background information together with analytical results can be used to check agreement of interpretational advice given by medical doctors. This type of scheme can, therefore, include both pre- and post-analytical aspects. The provider, e.g. through an expert group, ranks the quality of participants’ response and suggestions, and presents them in the report with comments.<h4>Example 2: Sampling requests in microbiology&nbsp;</h4>Using the scenario of food poisoning, pre- &amp; post-analytical aspects of sampling requests in a microbiology scheme can be highlighted. The provider gives information about food type, symptoms, and incubation time with a simulated sample. Participants choose which organism(s) to test for. The associated laboratory work involves examination of samples, report on method(s) of choice and results. Participants could, e.g. be asked to specify which toxins or pathogens are likely to cause the food poisoning and state whether or not they will disseminate information, e.g. to hospitals or food suppliers. The feedback report would then show the results of each participant together with the comments of the provider.&nbsp;<h4>Example 3: Toy testing&nbsp;</h4>Faulty design, usage and chance play a role in injury and death incidents related to children’s toys. Toy safety is the practice of ensuring that toys are safe, usually through the application of set safety standards. The PT provider sources a toy, performs visual assessment of its homogeneity, and distributes the samples. Participants are requested to assess the toy against the European standard EN 71 and they have to decide which clauses of the standard apply. The clauses chosen define the test(s) to be carried out. The feedback report will contain a “model answer” including clauses, tests and labeling requirements (when applicable).&nbsp;<h4>Example 4: Monitoring drinking water quality&nbsp;</h4>A post-analytical application can be underpinned by legislation and national regulations (Directive 98/83/EC). Participants receive a synthetic drinking water sample with properties close to one or more limiting values. They are requested to deliver results, uncertainties and a “pass/fail” recommendation to the customer. The recommendations of the provider are listed in the feedback report for educational purposes. Information can be fed back also to regulators to serve, e.g. as basis for further discussions.&nbsp;<blockquote><h5>More information / further reading&nbsp;</h5>Information about PT providers and schemes can be obtained from your national accreditation body, from the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.eptis.org/">EPTIS website</a> or from other national or international organisations.</blockquote>

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The analysis of microplastics (MP) becomes more difficult for smaller sizes, especially in complex matrices such as sediment of natural waters. In this work, we analyzed MPs in sediment using laser direct infrared (LDIR) imaging, a relatively new technique in environmental MP studies.
Sediment samples were spiked with analytical surrogates (polyethylene spheres), and subjected to density separation, wet peroxide oxidation, calcite removal, and filtration. The extracted particles were coated on to a low-emissivity glass slide which was first examined on a stereomicroscope. Six slides (two sediment samples and four different blanks) were further analyzed using an Agilent LDIR system. Approximately 520 and 430 MP/g were found in the two samples, with diameter ranging 20-3,384 um and 84% being smaller than 100 um.
The increase in particle count with decreasing particle sizes followed a power law curve, suggesting that a large portion of the smaller MPs was generated by the breakdown of larger plastic pieces. Major polymers found in this work included polyamide, polyester, polytetrafluoroethylene, and polyacetal. Most MPs were fragments, while beads and fiber were also found. In the two sediment samples, 14% and 46% of the total particles, respectively, were composed of non-plastic micro-sized particles, including natural polyamide, cellulose, chitin, rubber, and &quot;unknown&quot;. Challenges, potential biases, and uncertainties are discussed.
This work is the first application of LDIR imaging on MPs in natural sediment.
<blockquote>
Presenter: An Li (Professor Emerita, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences)
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
Dr. An Li is a Professor Emeritus in School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago. She is an environmental chemist, with her research focus on how human activities influence the natural environment and how the changes in turn affect human health. Her research particularly focuses on persistent and bioaccumulative organic chemicals which are potentially toxic. She has led a number of federally funded projects and programs, including the Great Lakes Sediment Surveillance Program (GLSSP) funded by the US EPA. Dr. Li has published two books Physical and Chemical Processes in the Aquatic Environment (2014) and Persistent Organic Pollutants in Asia (2007), &gt;100 journal articles, as well as numerous other publications.
</blockquote>

Agilent Technologies: Characterization of Microplastics in Sediment Using Stereomicroscopy and Laser Direct Infrared (LDIR) Spectroscopy

Characterization of Microplastics in Sediment Using Stereomicroscopy and Laser Direct Infrared (LDIR) Spectroscopy

In this work, we analyzed MPs in sediment using laser direct infrared (LDIR) imaging, a relatively new technique in environmental MP studies.

Microplastics in Sediment Using Stereomicroscopy and LDIR

Synthetic cannabinoids represent a rapidly growing category of designer drugs. If you’re dealing with this class of compounds, it’s vital that you have the right analysis tools to help you categorize these substances.
In this webinar, you’ll discover:
<ul>
<li>A new patented technology that examines the distinct bridge carbonyl band patterns which synthetic cannabinoids exhibit in Vapor Phase IR to classify spectra </li>
<li>More about the use of forensic databases in this type of analysis</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
Presenter: Dr. Michelle D’Souza (Product Manager, Wiley Science Solutions)
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
Dr. D’Souza has over 15 years of experience in the management and development of spectroscopy software, including her current position as product manager for software products at Wiley Science Solutions and prior to that at Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. She also worked for many years in the pharmaceutical industry after obtaining a Ph.D. in chemistry from Northern Illinois University.
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
Presenter: Keith Kunitsky (Database Product Manager, Wiley Science Solutions)
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
Mr. Kunitsky is a leader in chemical information with years of experience in both industry and publishing. Currently, he manages Wiley Science Solution’s vast commercial spectral database collections where he serves as Database Product Manager. He brings years of knowledge and insight in chemical information development with leadership roles at Bio-Rad Laboratories as Database Product Manager and DuPont in multiple scientific roles, including Chemical Information Scientist and Corporate Chemical Registrar. He earned a BS degree in Chemistry from the University of Delaware.
</blockquote>
Who should attend?
You’ll benefit from this webinar if you’re involved with drug analysis in the forensic, law enforcement, toxicology, pharmaceutical, and research communities.

Pixabay/R+R Medicinals: Synthetic Cannabinoid Analysis & Classification of IR Spectra by Bridge Carbonyl Bands

Synthetic Cannabinoid Analysis & Classification of IR Spectra by Bridge Carbonyl Bands

A new patented technology that examines the distinct bridge carbonyl band patterns and forensic databases in this type of analysis.

Cannabinoid Analysis & Classification of IR Spectra

As the production and use of solar panels increases worldwide, there is an urgent need to find more effective and efficient photovoltaic materials testing techniques.
During this webinar, we will investigate how FTIR and UV spectroscopy can be used in a number of materials testing areas including material degradation, surface cleanliness, material identification and coating/adhesive thickness and quality analysis. We will also show how parameters relating to these applications can be measured effectively.
Attend this webinar to:
<ul>
<li>Gain an overview of the 4300 handheld FTIR system</li>
<li>Learn how to analyze photovoltaic material degradation and surface contamination</li>
<li>Understand the importance of material identification and coating/adhesive thickness testing</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
Presenter: Donald Inglis (Product Specialist Handheld/Portable FTIR and Raman Systems, Agilent Technologies)
</blockquote>

Technology Networks: How To Test Photovoltaic Cells Using FTIR and UV Spectroscopy Techniques

How To Test Photovoltaic Cells Using FTIR and UV Spectroscopy Techniques

We will investigate how FTIR and UV spectroscopy can be used in a number of materials testing areas.

Test Photovoltaic Cells Using FTIR and UV Spectroscopy

The presence of microplastics in the environment, drinking water, and food chains is gaining significant public interest. To study their presence, rapid and reliable characterization of microplastic particles is essential. Significant technical hurdles in microplastics analysis stem from the sheer number of particles to be analyzed in each sample. Total particle counts of several thousand are not uncommon in environmental samples, while well treated bottled drinking water may contain relatively few.
While visual microscopy has been used extensively, it is prone to operator error and bias and is limited to particles larger than 300 µm. As a result, vibrational spectroscopic techniques such as Raman and FTIR microscopy have become more popular, however they are time-consuming. There is a demand for rapid and highly automated techniques to measure particle count, size, and provide high-quality polymer identification. Analysis directly on the filter that often forms the last stage in sample preparation is highly desirable as, by removing a sample preparation step, it can both improve laboratory efficiency and decease opportunities for error. 
Recent advances in infrared micro-spectroscopy combining a Quantum Cascade Laser (QCL) with scanning optics has created a new paradigm, laser direct infrared imaging (LDIR). It offers improved speed of analysis as well as high levels of automation. Its mode of operation however requires an infrared (IR) reflective background, and this has, to date, limited the ability to perform direct “on-filter” analysis. This study explores the potential to combine the filter with an infrared reflective surface filter.
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Presenter: Andreas Kerstan (SPSD Product Specialist, Agilent)
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Agilent Technologies: Rapid, automated characterization of microplastics using laser direct infrared imaging and spectroscopy

Rapid, automated characterization of microplastics using laser direct infrared imaging and spectroscopy

Recent advances in infrared micro-spectroscopy combining a Quantum Cascade Laser (QCL) with scanning optics has created a new paradigm, (LDIR).

Microplastics by using LDIR and spectroscopy

Can the TopScan 4300 FTIR test liquid? What is the detection limit of the 4300 FTIR? Is ambient light an issue for Vaya Raman spectrometer?
Lets discuss some of the most common questions about Agilent Handheld spectrometers.
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Presenter: Yanqia Wang, PhD (Application Engineer, Molecular Spectroscopy, Agilent Technologies, Inc.)
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Dr. Yanqia Wang started working for Agilent Technologies Inc. as a FTIR application Engineer in 2013, providing pre-&amp;post-sale application support. The products he covers from Bench-top FTIR microscopes to various Mobile FTIR spectrometers. Dr. Wang received his PhD of analytical chemistry from Duke University in 2004, doing dynamic IR spectroscopy research. Then he joined Fitzpatrick Center for Photonics at Duke University, doing Tissue Raman spectrometer instrumentation. Since 2007, Dr. Wang worked for Avery Dennison Corp. as a spectroscopist, providing molecular analytical support to the research &amp; development.
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Agilent Technologies: Common Handheld FTIR and Raman Questions Answered

Common Handheld FTIR and Raman Questions Answered

Lets discuss some of the most common questions about Agilent Handheld spectrometers.

We collected real-life applications of particle analysis in pharmaceutical manufacturing and quality control and present them in this brief 20 minute webinar.Learn about the differences of FT-IR and Raman microscopy in particle analysis and which technique is the best for a specific scenario.

Bruker: Root Cause, Particle and Failure Analysis in Pharmaceutical Industries

Root Cause, Particle and Failure Analysis in Pharmaceutical Industries

Learn about the differences of FT-IR and Raman microscopy in particle analysis and which technique is the best for a specific scenario.

Particle Analysis in Pharmaceutical Industries

The polymer industry is one of the world’s largest industrial sectors. &nbsp;Almost all consumer products are composed of polymers of some sort. &nbsp;These products range across items like automobiles, pharmaceuticals, toys, packaging, computer and cell phones, and so on. &nbsp;There are a few areas where characterizing these polymer-based objects can be important: first is performing a quick polymer identification for recycling purposes; second is quality control to identify product defects or failures; and third is reverse engineering to facilitate product development in a highly competitive marketplace. &nbsp;Vibrational spectroscopy (infrared (IR) and Raman) is especially useful for the analysis of polymers in an industrial setting. &nbsp;IR and Raman are highly specific and sensitive tools that are non-destructive and easy to use. &nbsp;Examples will be presented demonstrating the effectiveness of IR and Raman analysis in each of these categories.Mass Spectrometry (MS) has become an indispensable tool for polymer analysis and has been widely used to study polymer structure and composition, end-groups and additives, molecular weight distribution, and so on. &nbsp;MS analysis is extremally sensitive, allowing the detection and identification of minor polymer components and synthesis by-products, as well as low-level impurities and products of decomposition. &nbsp;Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization (MALDI) allows to perform rapid MS analysis without lengthy pre-separation and with minimal sample preparation. &nbsp;MALDI MS can provide structural and copolymer composition information, as well as be used for imaging of polymer surfaces, characterization of complex polymer mixtures and many other analytical tasks. &nbsp;In this webinar, we will discuss several MS analytical techniques and their applications for polymer analysis using real life examples from the industry and academia.<blockquote>Presenter: Dr. Tom Tague (Applications Manager and Chair of the Safety Committee Bruker Corporation)Dr. Tom Tague is the Applications Manager (FTIR and Raman products) and Chair of the Safety Committee for Bruker Corporation. He is also a member of the Visiting Advisory Committee of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York and the Advisory Board of Amplified Sciences. Dr. Tague received his Ph.D. from the University of Utah in Physical Chemistry and his B.S. in Chemistry, from the University of Texas at San Antonio. He conducted his postdoctoral research at the University of Virginia working with professor Lester Andrews. He is a member of the American Chemical Society, the Society for Applied Spectroscopy, the American Physical Society, and the Optical Society of America. Dr. Tague is active in developing new methods and instrumentation with the goal of improving the sensitivity and detection limits of spectroscopy related applications. Dr. Tague has more than 80 publications and 5 patents.Presenter:&nbsp;Dr. Artem FilipenkoDr. Artem Filipenko has over 15 years of industry experience in development of innovative methods and instrumentation for various analytical applications, including food, environmental, industrial, and homeland security. His area of professional expertise ranges from Ion Mobility, Mass Spectrometry, and Gamma Spectroscopy to molecular and nuclear physics. Artem holds a doctorate degree in molecular physics and master’s degree in microelectronics from the National Nuclear Research University in Moscow, as well as master’s degree in business administration from Babson College in Boston.</blockquote>

Bruker: Effectively Analyzing Polymers Using IR, Raman Spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry

Effectively Analyzing Polymers Using IR, Raman Spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry

In this webinar, we will discuss several MS analytical techniques, IR and Raman and their applications for polymer analysis 

Analyzing Polymers by IR, Raman Spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF

FT-IR is a commonly employed technique in the lab due to the vast array of analytical opportunities it offers. However, carrying out FT-IR spectroscopy is not the most intuitive process using current technology.With the release of LUMOS II, Bruker extends the scope of FT-IR microscopy and imaging for applications and increases its accessibility for all users. It is a faster, smarter imaging solution designed for daily use in routine and research laboratories, regardless of user skill level.Bruker’s specialist for FT-IR and Raman microscopy, Dr. Thomas Tague, will present its key hardware and software features and discuss the benefits of automation and focal-plane array imaging. The application of these novel capabilities to the polymer, pharmaceutical, and material science industries will also be shown.What This Webinar Covers:<ul><li>LUMOS II and its software OPUS</li><li>Technical features and workflow</li><li>FT-IR microscopy and imaging</li><li>Focal-plane array detectors</li><li>Applications of µ-FT-IR</li></ul>It Is Intended for Analytical Professionals in:<ul><li>QA/QC</li><li>Production</li><li>Manufacturing</li><li>Operations</li><li>Research &amp; Development</li></ul>With the Job Roles of:<ul><li>Lab Manager</li><li>QC Manager</li><li>Analytical Scientist</li><li>Researcher</li></ul>

FT-IR Imaging Webinar | LUMOS II

In this webinar, Bruker introduce LUMOS II which extends the scope of FT-IR microscopy and imaging 

FT-IR Imaging Webinar - LUMOS II

Vibrational microscopy is an established technique for materials identification and characterization which finds extensive applications in various fields including but not limited to pharmaceuticals, polymers, forensics, cultural heritage, life science, mineralogy, materials science and more.<blockquote>Presenter: Dr. Sergey Shilov (North America Product Manager, Science Business Unit, Bruker Optics)Dr. Sergey V. Shilov is a Product Manager for North America at Bruker Optics. Sergey joined Bruker in 2001. He is responsible for the support and development of new applications for the Bruker research FTIR systems. He received his Ph.D. in 1992 from the Russian Academy of Sciences in Polymer Physics and his M.S. from St. Petersburg State University (Russia) in Physics in 1986. Alexander Von Humboldt Foundation (Germany) awarded him a research fellowship in 1996. Sergey published 37 papers in peer-reviewed journals. His research interests include time-resolved FTIR spectroscopy, surface science, polymer, and life-science applications.&nbsp;</blockquote>

Bruker: State-of-the-Art Microanalysis Using Infrared and Raman Microscopy

State-of-the-Art Microanalysis Using Infrared and Raman Microscopy

In this webinar, participants will learn about the state-of-the art microanalysis using IR and Raman Microscopy.

State-of-the-Art Microanalysis Using IR and Raman Microscopy

&nbsp;<blockquote>Presenter: Dr. Tom Tague (Applications Manager and Chair of the Safety Committee Bruker Corporation)Dr. Tom Tague is the Applications Manager (FTIR and Raman products) and Chair of the Safety Committee for Bruker Corporation. He is also a member of the Visiting Advisory Committee of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York and the Advisory Board of Amplified Sciences. Dr. Tague received his Ph.D. from the University of Utah in Physical Chemistry and his B.S. in Chemistry, from the University of Texas at San Antonio. He conducted his postdoctoral research at the University of Virginia working with professor Lester Andrews. He is a member of the American Chemical Society, the Society for Applied Spectroscopy, the American Physical Society, and the Optical Society of America. Dr. Tague is active in developing new methods and instrumentation with the goal of improving the sensitivity and detection limits of spectroscopy related applications. Dr. Tague has more than 80 publications and 5 patents.</blockquote>

Bruker: Infrared and Raman Analysis of Geological Samples

Infrared and Raman Analysis of Geological Samples

In this webinar, you will learn about using Infrared and Raman in analysis of geological samples.

ICPMS webinars focusing on FTIR Spectroscopy - page 13