<h3>Introduction</h3><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_From_Raw_Signals_to_Reliable_Results_Post_Acquisition_Data_Workflows_in_ICP_Analysis_f7248bb920.jpg" alt="Thermo Fisher Scientific: From Raw Signals to Reliable Results: Post-Acquisition Data Workflows in ICP Analysis" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_From_Raw_Signals_to_Reliable_Results_Post_Acquisition_Data_Workflows_in_ICP_Analysis_f7248bb920.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="512">Modern elemental analysis techniques such as ICP-OES and ICP-MS are capable of generating large volumes of highly sensitive, multi-dimensional data in a single analytical run. These technologies are widely used across environmental, pharmaceutical, food, and materials science applications due to their precision and low detection limits. However, while significant emphasis is often placed on method development, instrument optimisation, and sample preparation, the true scientific value of any analysis is ultimately determined during the post-acquisition phase. It is here that raw instrumental signals are processed, interrogated, and validated before being translated into meaningful and defensible results. Whether you are working with the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products?category=227&amp;instrumentationItems=84&amp;manufacturerItems=3&amp;search=iCAP+PRO">iCAP PRO ICP-OES</a>, the&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products?category=232&amp;manufacturerItems=3&amp;search=iCAP+MX">iCAP MX ICP-MS</a>, the iCAP 7000 OES, or Qnova ICP-MS systems, the interface and workflow logic remain familiar.<h3>Method</h3>Following data acquisition, analysts must first navigate and organise complex datasets efficiently. Large analytical sequences may contain hundreds of samples, each with multiple analytes, replicates, and quality control elements. Tools such as column sorting and filtering are therefore essential for structured data interrogation. Sorting concentration values, for example, allows rapid identification of extreme values or potential outliers, while filtering by sample type, QC category, or analyte enables targeted investigation of specific data subsets. These tools support not only workflow efficiency but also statistical awareness, helping analysts detect trends, inconsistencies, or anomalies that may otherwise go unnoticed. In parallel, maintaining a complete LabBook history ensures that all changes to methods, calibration parameters, and analytical settings are recorded. This level of traceability is essential for regulatory compliance, particularly in environments operating under ISO standards or Good Laboratory Practice, and it ensures that results can be reproduced and audited with confidence.A fundamental aspect of post-acquisition processing is the application and evaluation of correction models. ICP-based techniques are inherently susceptible to a range of interferences, including background signals, spectral overlaps, and matrix-induced signal suppression or enhancement. Blank subtraction is typically the first correction applied, removing contributions from reagents, solvents, and instrument background. By comparing results with and without blank correction, analysts can assess the significance of background contributions, particularly at low concentration levels. In ICP-OES, Inter-element correction (IEC) addresses spectral interferences by mathematically compensating for overlapping emission lines, which is especially important in complex matrices containing multiple elements.&nbsp;For ICP-MS, correction equations can be similarly implemented to correct for the presence of an isobaric interferences of mass signals.Internal standard (IS) correction is another critical component, used to normalise signal fluctuations caused by instrument drift, variations in sample introduction, or matrix effects. Reviewing data with these corrections toggled on and off provides valuable diagnostic insight, allowing analysts to determine whether corrections are appropriate and whether the underlying method is robust.While processed concentration data is the primary output of most analyses, deeper insight can be gained by examining the underlying signal intensities. Replicate measurements, for instance, provide a direct assessment of analytical precision. Consistent replicate signals indicate stable measurement conditions, whereas significant variation may suggest issues such as sample heterogeneity, nebuliser instability, or matrix interference. Similarly, blank intensities can reveal contamination or insufficient rinsing between samples, often serving as an early indicator of systematic error. In ICP-OES, spectral sub-array views allow analysts to visualise the emission profile around a selected wavelength, enabling verification of peak shape, background correction points, and potential spectral overlaps. In ICP-MS, attention must be given to detector behaviour, particularly when signals transition between pulse and analog modes at higher concentrations. Such transitions can introduce non-linearity into calibration curves, sometimes necessitating cross-calibration to maintain quantitative accuracy.Calibration is central to transforming raw signal intensity into quantitative concentration data, and its evaluation is one of the most critical steps in the workflow. Several performance indicators are used to assess calibration quality. The coefficient of determination (R²) provides a measure of how well the calibration model fits the data, though a high R² alone does not guarantee accuracy. Bias offers insight into systematic deviations between expected and measured values, highlighting potential issues with standards or instrument response. Detection limits, including the limit of detection (LOD) and instrument detection limit (IDL), define the sensitivity of the method, while background equivalent concentration (BEC) reflects the contribution of background signal to the overall measurement. A comprehensive calibration assessment requires consideration of all these parameters together, rather than reliance on a single metric. In addition, quality control samples—such as calibration check standards (CCVs), certified reference materials (CRMs), and matrix spikes—are used to verify accuracy and method performance. Automated flagging of QC results that fall outside predefined acceptance criteria provides an efficient means of identifying non-compliant data and supports rapid decision-making.Equally important is the evaluation of instrument performance through diagnostic readbacks recorded during the analysis. These parameters provide insight into the physical and operational state of the instrument at the time of measurement. For ICP-MS, key readbacks include nebuliser gas pressure, vacuum levels, and interface conditions. Changes in these parameters can indicate issues such as partial blockages, salt deposition, or vacuum degradation. Similarly, plasma-related parameters and gas flow stability are critical indicators in both ICP-OES and ICP-MS systems. By correlating readback trends with analytical results, analysts can identify the root causes of anomalies, distinguish between instrument-related and sample-related issues, and take corrective action where necessary. This diagnostic capability is particularly valuable when troubleshooting unexpected results or when sharing data with technical support teams for further investigation.Once the data has been thoroughly reviewed and validated, the final step is to export and communicate the results in a clear and usable format. Structured reporting tools enable the generation of comprehensive summaries that include concentration data, calibration details, quality control results, and any associated flags or annotations. These reports are essential for documentation, regulatory submissions, and communication with stakeholders. For greater flexibility, exporting data in CSV format allows integration with external tools such as spreadsheet software, statistical analysis platforms, or laboratory information management systems (LIMS). This interoperability facilitates advanced data analysis, long-term data storage, and seamless integration into broader laboratory workflows.<h3>Conclusion</h3>In conclusion, post-acquisition data processing is not merely a procedural step but a critical component of the analytical workflow that determines the reliability and scientific validity of results. Through careful organisation of data, rigorous application of correction models, detailed evaluation of calibration performance, and continuous monitoring of instrument diagnostics, analysts can ensure that their results are both accurate and defensible. As analytical technologies continue to evolve and datasets become increasingly complex, the importance of robust and systematic data evaluation will only grow. Mastery of these workflows transforms raw instrumental signals into high-quality scientific information, underpinning confident decision-making across a wide range of applications.<h3>Acknowledgement</h3>I would like to thank&nbsp;Matthew Gregory&nbsp;Field Applications Scientist, North EMEA, Trace Elemental Analysis and&nbsp;David Fishwick&nbsp;Field Applications Scientist, North EMEA, Trace Elemental Analysis for the support on this blog and the webinars.Sign up for our webinars live and on demand.English<ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/5795">Lunch and Learn Tips and Tricks Series: Qtegra Part 1</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/5976">Lunch and Learn Tips and Tricks Series: Qtegra Part 2</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/5977">Lunch and Learn Tips and Tricks Series: Trace Elemental Analysis (ICP-OES &amp; ICP-MS)</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/5978">Trace Elemental Analysis: Ask the Expert</a></li></ul>Deutsch<ul><li>19. März 2026 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://event.on24.com/wcc/r/5179134/393E071E3B501943730958BA6203F477">Interne Standards in der ICP-OES: Ein Praxisguide für zuverlässige Qualitätssicherung im Labor</a></li><li>18. Juni 2026 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://event.on24.com/wcc/r/5179292/AE4C576B6A54D1AC182F7F77573D380F">Fehler reduzieren, Durchsatz steigern: Autoverdünnung mit PrepFast am ICP-MS</a></li><li>17. September 2026 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://event.on24.com/wcc/r/5179423/B5019C560431BADCA2A76E54E4EFE56F">ICP-OES smarter nutzen: Probendurchsatz erhöhen, Ressourcen sparen</a></li><li>17. Dezember 2026 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://event.on24.com/wcc/r/5179530/94EEDD1F56138F5EEE2AF24E29E6C12A">Qtegra ISDS Software Unlocked – Live im Expertengespräch</a></li></ul><blockquote>Visit us on&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/72003132/admin/dashboard/">LinkedIn:</a>&nbsp;#AnalyticalChemistry #ICPMS #ICPOES #DataAnalysis</blockquote>

From Raw Signals to Reliable Results: Post-Acquisition Data Workflows in ICP Analysis

Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezICPMS Library in the week of 18th May 2026? Check out new documents from the field of spectroscopy/spectrometry and related techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT SPECTROSCOPY/SPECTROMETRY RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezLCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezGCMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring you brochure by MILESTONE and application notes by Shimadzu and Thermo Fisher Scientific!<h3>1. MILESTONE: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?search=ETHOS+LEAN+">ETHOS™ LEAN</a> Compact Microwave Labstation</h3><ul><li>Brochure</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Brochure_ETHOS_LEAN_1_c80f4403a4.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Sample preparation is the foundation of many analytical workflows, and often the most critical step. In elemental analysis, proper digestion ensures accurate and reproducible results with AAS, ICP, and ICP-MS by enabling complete recovery of target elements, minimizing interferences, and reducing blanks. With over 35 years of innovation and more than 30,000 microwave systems installed worldwide, Milestone is a global leader in microwave sample preparation. The ETHOS LEAN, now in its 2nd series, represents this expertise: a compact, affordable labstation delivering full digestion capabilities without compromise. Beyond digestion, ETHOS LEAN supports solvent extraction for chromatography, solvent-free extraction of natural products, and even microwave synthesis workflows, offering unmatched versatility in its class. Selecting the right system is more than a purchase decision: it’s choosing a partner. With Milestone, you gain not only proven technology but also the knowledge and support to ensure long-term success.<h4>BUILT FOR MORE THAN DIGESTION</h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?search=ETHOS+LEAN+">ETHOS LEAN</a> goes beyond digestion. As a compact Microwave Labstation, it supports a suite of accessories that expand its capabilities into multiple workflows. Microwave technology provides a faster, cleaner, and more efficient alternative to conventional sample preparation techniques, reducing processing time, simplifying operations, and minimizing reagent consumption.&nbsp;<h5>Solvent extraction</h5>Closed-vessel microwave technology streamlines extraction for chromatographic analysis, dramatically reducing solvent use and cutting analysis times. Ideal for organic pollutant extraction from environmental samples or fat determination in food and feed.<h5>Solvent-free extraction</h5>Patented Milestone technology enables fast and efficient essential oil extraction in just minutes, preserving aroma and natural composition while minimizing degradation. Selective heating promotes a quicker, more efficient release from plant cells.<h5>Microwave synthesis</h5>Microwave synthesis is a safer and faster alternative to heating mantles or complex reactors, enabling rapid optimization of conditions. Its speed supports research projects and allows practical teaching sessions within standard class times.<h5>High-temperature processes</h5>With the ultraFAST accessory, ETHOS LEAN reaches 1200 °C in just minutes, transforming into a microwave furnace for demanding high-temperature applications such as inorganic synthesis, fusion, or fire assay.<h3>2. Shimadzu: Discriminating between Microsamples of Similar Resins with a Combination of FTIR and Thermal Analysis Instruments</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_01_01114_en_a9291de45e.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul><h4>User Benefits</h4><ul><li>Using the ATR method with FTIR spectroscopy enables simple and rapid qualitative analysis of polymers.</li><li>DSC analysis may be able to reveal differences in polymer thermal histories that cannot be confirmed by FTIR alone.</li><li>TG-DTA can be used to confirm the content level of inorganic additives in polymers</li></ul>A wide range of polymer resins is used in modern society for diverse applications, resulting in increasing demand for qualitative analysis of resin microsamples, such as identifying resin contaminants in products or qualitatively evaluating microplastics for environmental impact assessments. FTIR spectrophotometers are commonly used for qualitative analysis of polymers. In particular, the ATR (attenuated total reflectance) method is widely used because measurements can be performed simply and quickly by clamping a sample against a prism to ensure close contact.&nbsp;While the ATR method makes it relatively easy to discriminate between different types of polymers, clear differences may not appear when analyzing similar polymers—for example, when there are only slight differences in the type or content of additives or the thermal histories during manufacturing. In such cases, differences may be confirmed by using thermal analysis instruments, such as a DSC or TG-DTA system.&nbsp;This article describes an example in which three instruments— an <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=IRSpirit-TX">IRSpirit-TX</a> FTIR spectrophotometer, a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=DSC-60+Plus">DSC-60 Plus</a> differential scanning calorimeter, and a DTG-60 simultaneous DTA-TG unit (Fig. 1)—were used to confirm differences among six microsamples of polypropylene (PP) resin.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Details of the six types of PP resin identified from the above measurement results are shown in Table 4. The results indicate that by using an FTIR spectrophotometer in combination with thermal analysis equipment, such as DSC and TG-DTA systems, it is possible to distinguish between minute amounts of the same type of resin with various different properties.<h3>3. Thermo Fisher Scientific: XPS depth profiling of advanced solar cells with femtosecond laser ablation</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/xps_depth_profiling_advanced_solar_cells_appnote_7bda4471a5.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Perovskites are an emerging class of materials in the solar cell industry, exhibiting a number of promising properties, such as improved efficiency and weight, compared to traditional silicon-based devices. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is an established tool in solar cell research due to its ability to provide extremely surface-sensitive information about elemental composition along with chemical and electronic states.¹ XPS is ultimately a surface analysis technique, however, and in order to assess the full composition of complex, multi-layered structures such as solar cells, a technique known as depth profiling is necessary, which performs multiple rounds of successive material removal and analysis.&nbsp;This application note explores a recent study by Chandler et al. that focuses on solar cells designed for aerospace applications,² where accurate determination of the “true” starting composition of the stacks is essential for tests that simulate space conditions, such as radiation exposure. Without a reliable baseline, it becomes impossible to distinguish between changes induced by the experimental conditions and artifacts introduced during analysis. Conventional ion beam sputtering methods used for depth profiling are known to distort chemical information for perovskites; femtosecond laser ablation (fs-LA) is presented as a novel, alternative method that helps to preserve vital chemical information.<h4>Experimental</h4>A halide-perovskite-based solar cell was fabricated on an ITO/SnO₂ substrate using a spin coating method; the structure of the layers is shown in Figure 1.Analysis was performed with the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2206">Thermo Scientific™ Hypulse™ Surface Analysis System</a>, which is equipped with both traditional ion-beam sputtering and femtosecond-laser ablation capabilities. XPS data was collected in SnapShot acquisition mode using an X-ray spot size of 30-200 µm, depending on the method of depth profiling.&nbsp;A MAGCIS ion gun was employed for the sputter depth profiles, generating either a 500 eV monatomic Ar⁺ beam or 8 keV Ar₁₅₀⁺ clusters. The fs-LA depth profiles were generated using a 1,030 nm wavelength laser operating at a 160 fs pulse length. The pulse energy was increased from 42 µJ to 167 µJ when transitioning from the perovskite layer into the substrate structure. A flood gun was employed for charge neutralization during profiling.<h4>Summary&nbsp;</h4>This study confirms the challenges associated with traditional ion sputtering (both monatomic and cluster) for the depth profiling of perovskite-based solar cells. These methods cause preferential sputtering, particularly of lighter elements like carbon, nitrogen, and iodine, which distorts elemental ratios in the profiles and results in artificial signals, such as the formation of metallic lead (Pb⁰). Depth profiling with femtosecond laser ablation represents a novel and robust alternative that preserves the original chemical composition and oxidation states throughout the perovskite layer. By avoiding preferential removal effects, accurate compositional information is maintained during the profile, and erroneous peak signals associated with chemical reduction are eliminated. These factors are vital in establishing a chemically undisturbed baseline before performing tests that simulate environmental effects on the solar cells.&nbsp;With fs-LA depth profiling, any induced changes can be confidently delineated from analytical artifacts, and researchers can better understand and mitigate environmental effects on solar-cell performance, eventually leading to improved solar technologies for aerospace applications.

News from LabRulezICPMS Library - Week 21, 2026

In February of this year, a GAČR project focused on high-speed scanning probe microscopy was launched. Over the next three years, scientists from CEITEC Brno University of Technology (BUT), in collaboration with the Czech Metrology Institute (CMI), will work to accelerate measurement processes using this technique and to improve the analysis of the acquired data with the help of custom-developed artificial intelligence algorithms. The research results will find applications in both scientific and industrial practice, for example, in monitoring live cells or in chip manufacturing.High-speed atomic force microscopy is a field that allows scientists to study the properties of surfaces of various materials. They use microscopes equipped with a miniature tip and probe only a few nanometers (a millionth of a millimeter) in size, which repeatedly glide along regular paths across the sample surface. The scanned area is on the order of micrometers – smaller than a human red blood cell – and the surface shape is recorded with precision comparable to the distance between individual atoms. The probe scans the surface, enabling scientists to obtain highly detailed images with extremely high resolution. Such measurements usually take only a few minutes, but even that can be too long in some cases,&nbsp;especially for samples that change over time, such as living biological materials, as well as non-living materials whose changes are of interest. Addressing this challenge is the core of the GAČR project, officially titled High-Speed Atomic Force Microscopy with Sparse Sampling.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/CEITEC_BUT_CEITEC_Scientists_Aim_to_Increase_High_Speed_Microscopy_Up_to_Fivefold_a30ca0e27e.jpeg" alt="CEITEC BUT: CEITEC Scientists Aim to Increase &quot;High-Speed Microscopy&quot; Up to Fivefold " srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_CEITEC_BUT_CEITEC_Scientists_Aim_to_Increase_High_Speed_Microscopy_Up_to_Fivefold_a30ca0e27e.jpeg 150w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="1666">“Our joint work aims to speed up the scanning process by optimizing the path along which the microscope tip moves, so that only truly useful data is measured. At the same time, we want to develop an algorithm capable of evaluating images without the need for an intermediate step of reconstructing data from the omitted parts of the surface,” says principal investigator Petr Klapetek from the Czech Metrology Institute (CMI). He points out that conventional high-speed scanning produces hundreds of images across the entire surface, but for samples that change rapidly over time, the probe may miss the area of interest at a critical moment. Changes occurring within milliseconds may therefore not be captured continuously, and important details can be lost. Researchers worldwide have been seeking ways to speed up scanning, usually by modifying microscopes so that the tip moves faster. However, mechanical acceleration increases error rates, for example, due to excessive vibrations. “Since we are aware of the inherent limits of scanning microscopy, we decided to take a completely different approach and tackle the problem through smarter measurement rather than major hardware modifications,”&nbsp;Petr&nbsp;adds.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/CEITEC_BUT_CEITEC_Scientists_Aim_to_Increase_High_Speed_Microscopy_Up_to_Fivefold_3_86682e0c39.jpeg" alt="CEITEC BUT: CEITEC Scientists Aim to Increase &quot;High-Speed Microscopy&quot; Up to Fivefold " srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_CEITEC_BUT_CEITEC_Scientists_Aim_to_Increase_High_Speed_Microscopy_Up_to_Fivefold_3_86682e0c39.jpeg 208w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="1200"><h4>Software-based acceleration to overcome design limits</h4>One of the main tasks of the project will therefore be to design new scanning paths. These will remain regular but will be arranged in entirely different patterns to maximize the amount of information obtained in minimal time. Combined with more efficient data processing, this approach could increase scanning speed by up to five times. “Data processing is absolutely crucial for us. We need to develop AI algorithms capable of analyzing and interpreting images directly from such sparsely sampled grids, without needing to know what happened in the unmeasured areas. That will likely be our biggest challenge,” adds co-investigator David Nečas from CEITEC BUT. CEITEC BUT will be responsible for designing the scanning patterns and developing the necessary mathematical methods, while the experimental part – including all measurements and testing – will take place at the CMI.The outcome of this three-year collaboration should be a comprehensive theoretical methodology supported by experimental procedures. It could be used, for example, in biological laboratories studying changes in the behaviour of living samples – typically cells – over time. It may also find applications in semiconductor labs, where high-speed scanning microscopy is used mainly for quality control and defect detection during chip production. The method can measure not only the shape and surface structure of a sample, but also its electrical and other properties. “In practice, it could eventually become part of specialized industrial applications, where high-speed scanning microscopes perform imaging and evaluation almost in real time within inspection lines,” concludes David Nečas.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/CEITEC_BUT_CEITEC_Scientists_Aim_to_Increase_High_Speed_Microscopy_Up_to_Fivefold_2_de02ff2fb2.jpeg" alt="CEITEC BUT: CEITEC Scientists Aim to Increase &quot;High-Speed Microscopy&quot; Up to Fivefold " srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_CEITEC_BUT_CEITEC_Scientists_Aim_to_Increase_High_Speed_Microscopy_Up_to_Fivefold_2_de02ff2fb2.jpeg 208w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="1200"><blockquote>Brno University of Technology is also currently collaborating with the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://cmi.gov.cz/?language=en">Czech Metrology Institute</a> and other academic and industrial partners on the European project <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.ptb.de/epm2024/dinamo/project">DINAMO</a>, which focuses on developing data-processing methods for calibrating all types of scanning probe microscopes. The team at BUT, led by principal investigator David Nečas, is working on standardizing these methods so that even scientists who are not specialists in this type of microscopy can easily set up the instruments themselves and measure their samples as accurately as possible.</blockquote>

CEITEC Scientists Aim to Increase "High-Speed Microscopy" Up to Fivefold 

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Since its establishment in 2011, CEITEC has quickly developed into a cutting-edge infrastructure for research which performs highly alongside the best institutes in Europe. Among the main priorities of CEITEC are the promotion of a motivating and dynamic international scientific environment, the provision of state-of-the-art research infrastructure, and the policy of open communication and equal opportunities.

CEITEC

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Linde REDLINE Pressure Regulators C 300/1 & C 300/2

REDLINE C 300 pressure regulators provide precise and stable gas control up to 6.0 purity, ensuring reliability for laboratory, analytical, and research applications.

The REDLINE C 300 series pressure regulators (models C 300/1 single-stage and C 300/2 dual-stage) are designed for precise control of non-corrosive gases with purity levels up to 6.0 (99.9999%), as well as gas mixtures containing low concentrations of corrosive components.Thanks to their robust design and high-quality manufacturing, these regulators provide excellent pressure stability, accuracy, and long-term reliability. They are particularly well suited for demanding laboratory, analytical, and research applications where maintaining gas purity and consistent pressure is critical.The C 300/1 single-stage regulator is recommended for applications with relatively stable inlet pressure, such as gases supplied in liquid phase. The C 300/2 dual-stage version is intended for systems with fluctuating inlet pressure, ensuring highly stable outlet pressure and improved control under varying operating conditions.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Precise and stable pressure regulation for analytical workflows</li><li>Compatible with high-purity gases up to grade 6.0 (99.9999%)</li><li>Dual-stage version provides superior outlet pressure stability</li><li>Designed to maintain gas purity and minimize contamination risks</li><li>Wide range of adjustable outlet pressure settings</li><li>Modular design with multiple optional valve and purge configurations</li><li>High reliability for continuous laboratory and R&amp;D operation</li></ul><h4>Technical Specifications</h4><ul><li>Inlet pressure: up to 300 bar</li><li>Outlet pressure ranges:<ul><li>C 300/1 (single-stage): 3 / 6 / 10 / 14 / 16 / 28 / 35 / 50 / 100 / 200 bar</li><li>C 300/2 (dual-stage): 1 / 3 / 6 / 10 / 14 bar</li></ul></li><li>Gas compatibility:<ul><li>Non-corrosive gases up to purity 6.0</li><li>Gas mixtures with low corrosive content</li></ul></li><li>Inlet connections:<ul><li>According to DIN 477 and gas specification</li></ul></li><li>Outlet connections:<ul><li>Compression fittings</li><li>Hose nozzles</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Available Configurations</h4><h5>Models</h5><ul><li>C 300/1 (Single-stage) Designed for applications with stable inlet pressure</li><li>C 300/2 (Dual-stage) Designed for fluctuating inlet pressure with maximum outlet pressure stability</li></ul><h4>Optional Equipment</h4><ul><li>Shut-off valve (Type A)</li><li>Needle valve (Type B)</li><li>High-pressure side purge (Type P)</li><li>Inert gas purge (Type TP)</li><li>Purge manifold (Type EP)</li><li>Post-purge (Type DP – available only for C 300/2)</li></ul><h4>Applications</h4><ul><li>Analytical instrumentation (e.g., GC, LC, MS systems)</li><li>Laboratory gas supply systems</li><li>Research and development environments</li><li>High-purity gas distribution systems</li><li>Applications requiring precise pressure control and contamination-free gas delivery</li></ul>

Linde Hydrogen 3.0 – Gas Cylinder

Linde hydrogen 3.0 for industrial applications. High thermal conductivity, clean combustion, and reliable performance for welding, cutting, and energy use.

Hydrogen 3.0 from Linde is a technical-grade gas designed for a wide range of industrial applications, particularly in welding, cutting, and energy processes. Its exceptionally high thermal conductivity and excellent thermophysical properties make it highly effective for heat transfer and combustion applications.Hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that burns with an invisible flame. When combined with oxygen, it reaches very high flame temperatures. Its combustion produces no carbon or soot, ensuring clean processes without contamination.The gas is supplied in pressurized cylinders, enabling safe storage and convenient handling in industrial environments.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>High thermal conductivity</li><li>Clean combustion without carbon or soot</li><li>Colorless, odorless, and tasteless</li><li>Efficient heat transfer properties</li><li>Suitable for industrial and energy applications</li><li>Supplied in pressurized cylinders</li></ul><h4>Technical Specifications</h4><ul><li>Gas: Hydrogen (H₂)</li><li>Purity: 3.0 (≥ 99.9%)</li><li>Supply form: pressurized steel cylinder (50 l, 200 bar)</li><li>Flammability: highly flammable gas</li><li>Flame: invisible, up to approx. 2,834 °C with oxygen</li><li>Properties: colorless, odorless, tasteless</li></ul><h4>Applications</h4><ul><li>Shielding gas mixtures for TIG and plasma welding</li><li>Welding of stainless steels and nickel alloys</li><li>Plasma cutting of stainless steel and aluminum</li><li>Underwater cutting (in mixture with oxygen)</li><li>Energy generation applications</li><li>Glass industry (glass melting processes)</li></ul>

Linde Hydrogen 4.0 – Gas Cylinder

Linde hydrogen 4.0 (≥99.99%) for analytical and industrial use. High purity and stable performance for GC, welding, and energy applications.

Hydrogen 4.0 from Linde is a high-purity gas (≥ 99.99%) suitable for a wide range of analytical and industrial applications. Its excellent thermophysical properties make it highly effective for combustion, heat transfer, and analytical processes.Hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that burns with an invisible flame. When combined with oxygen, it produces very high flame temperatures. Its clean combustion produces no carbon or soot, ensuring contamination-free processes.Compared to technical-grade hydrogen (3.0), hydrogen 4.0 offers higher purity, making it suitable for more demanding applications, including gas chromatography and laboratory analyses. It is supplied in pressurized cylinders for safe and convenient use.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>High purity ≥ 99.99%</li><li>Excellent thermophysical properties</li><li>Clean combustion without carbon or soot</li><li>Colorless, odorless, and tasteless</li><li>Suitable for analytical and industrial applications</li><li>Supplied in pressurized gas cylinders</li></ul><h4>Technical Specifications</h4><ul><li>Gas: Hydrogen (H₂)</li><li>Purity: ≥ 99.99% (4.0)</li><li>Supply form: pressurized steel cylinder</li><li>Flammability: highly flammable gas</li><li>Flame: invisible, up to approx. 2,834 °C with oxygen</li><li>Properties: colorless, odorless, tasteless</li></ul><h4>Applications</h4><ul><li>Oxy-fuel welding of noble and non-ferrous metals</li><li>Quartz and glass processing</li><li>Reducing agent in chemistry and metallurgy</li><li>Generator cooling</li><li>Gas chromatography (carrier gas)</li><li>Flame ionization detectors (FID)</li><li>Food industry applications</li><li>Alternative fuel</li></ul>

Linde Hydrogen 5.0 – Gas Cylinder

Linde hydrogen 5.0 (≥99.999%) for GC and high-end applications. Maximum purity and stable performance for analytical and industrial use.

Hydrogen 5.0 from Linde is an ultra-high purity gas (≥ 99.999%) designed for the most demanding analytical and laboratory applications, as well as selected industrial processes. Its extremely low impurity levels make it ideal for gas chromatography and other techniques sensitive to gas quality.Hydrogen offers outstanding thermophysical properties, ensuring efficient heat transfer and high combustion efficiency. It burns with an invisible flame and produces no carbon or soot, enabling clean, contamination-free processes.Due to its exceptional purity, hydrogen 5.0 is the preferred choice for laboratory analysis, calibration, and applications requiring maximum reproducibility. It is supplied in pressurized cylinders for safe and flexible use.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Ultra-high purity ≥ 99.999%</li><li>Minimal impurities for analytical applications</li><li>Excellent thermophysical properties</li><li>Clean combustion without carbon or soot</li><li>Colorless, odorless, and tasteless</li><li>Ideal for GC, FID, and sensitive analytical workflows</li></ul><h4>Technical Specifications</h4><ul><li>Gas: Hydrogen (H₂)</li><li>Purity: ≥ 99.999% (5.0)</li><li>Supply form: pressurized steel cylinder</li><li>Flammability: highly flammable gas</li><li>Flame: invisible, up to approx. 2,834 °C with oxygen</li><li>Properties: colorless, odorless, tasteless</li></ul><h4>Applications</h4><ul><li>Gas chromatography (carrier gas)</li><li>Flame ionization detectors (FID)</li><li>Analytical instruments and calibration</li><li>Oxy-fuel welding and metal processing</li><li>Quartz glass processing</li><li>Chemical and metallurgical applications (reducing agent)</li><li>Reactor cooling</li><li>Glass fiber production</li><li>Meteorology (balloon gas)</li><li>Alternative fuel</li></ul>

Linde Hydrogen 5.6 – Gas Cylinder

Linde hydrogen 5.6 (≥99.9996%) for ultra-trace GC and analytical applications. Maximum purity and minimal contamination for precise results.

Hydrogen 5.6 from Linde is an ultra-high purity gas (≥ 99.9996%) designed for the most demanding analytical, laboratory, and specialized industrial applications. Its extremely low impurity levels make it ideal for methods where even trace contaminants can significantly impact results.Hydrogen offers exceptional thermophysical properties, enabling efficient heat transfer and stable combustion. It burns with an invisible flame and produces no carbon or soot, ensuring clean and contamination-free processes.Thanks to its ultra-high purity, hydrogen 5.6 is particularly suitable for highly sensitive analytical techniques such as gas chromatography, ensuring maximum reproducibility and reliability. It is supplied in pressurized cylinders for safe and flexible use.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Ultra-high purity ≥ 99.9996%</li><li>Extremely low trace impurities</li><li>Excellent thermophysical properties</li><li>Clean combustion without carbon or soot</li><li>Colorless, odorless, and tasteless</li><li>Ideal for ultra-trace and high-sensitivity analysis</li></ul><h4>Technical Specifications</h4><ul><li>Gas: Hydrogen (H₂)</li><li>Purity: ≥ 99.9996% (5.6)</li><li>Supply form: pressurized steel cylinder</li><li>Flammability: highly flammable gas</li><li>Flame: invisible, up to approx. 2,834 °C with oxygen</li><li>Properties: colorless, odorless, tasteless</li></ul><h4>Applications</h4><ul><li>Gas chromatography (carrier gas, GC/MS)</li><li>Flame ionization detectors (FID)</li><li>Ultra-trace analytical applications</li><li>Calibration of analytical instruments</li><li>Oxy-fuel welding and metal processing</li><li>Quartz glass processing</li><li>Chemical and metallurgical applications</li><li>Reactor cooling</li><li>Glass fiber production</li><li>Meteorology (balloon gas)</li></ul>

Linde Nitrous Oxide 2.5 – Gas Cylinder

Linde nitrous oxide 2.5 for AAS, extraction, and semiconductor applications. Oxidizing gas with stable performance for analytical and industrial use.

Nitrous oxide 2.5 from Linde is a technical-grade gas designed for analytical and industrial applications. It is a colorless gas with a slightly sweet odor, non-toxic under normal conditions, but with strong oxidizing properties that intensively support combustion.Due to these properties, nitrous oxide is widely used in analytical instrumentation, particularly as a fuel gas in atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), where high flame temperatures are required. It is also applied in chemical processes and advanced technologies such as semiconductor manufacturing.The gas is supplied in pressurized cylinders for safe handling and convenient use in laboratory and industrial environments.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Strong oxidizing gas supporting combustion</li><li>Colorless with slightly sweet odor</li><li>Non-toxic under normal conditions</li><li>Stable and reliable performance</li><li>Suitable for analytical and industrial applications</li><li>Supplied in pressurized cylinders</li></ul><h4>Technical Specifications</h4><ul><li>Gas: Nitrous oxide (N₂O)</li><li>Purity: 2.5 (≥ 99.5%)</li><li>Supply form: pressurized steel cylinder</li><li>Classification: oxidizing gas</li><li>Properties: colorless, slightly sweet odor</li></ul><h4>Applications</h4><ul><li>Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) – fuel gas</li><li>Analytical and measurement instrumentation</li><li>Extraction of essential oils</li><li>Semiconductor industry (integrated circuit manufacturing)</li><li>Chemical processing</li></ul><h4>Safety Information</h4><ul><li>H270: May cause or intensify fire; oxidizer</li><li>H280: Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated</li><li>H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness</li></ul>

Linde Carbon Dioxide CO₂ 3.0 – Gas Cylinder

CO₂ 3.0 (≥99.9%) gas cylinder for analytical, calibration, and industrial use. Reliable solution for laboratories, research, and manufacturing.

Carbon dioxide CO₂ 3.0 from Linde is a technical-grade gas with a purity of ≥ 99.9%, supplied in pressurized cylinders for a wide range of laboratory, analytical, and industrial applications.Thanks to its stable composition, it is suitable as both an operational and calibration gas in analytical chemistry, including gas chromatography and other measurement techniques. It is also widely used in semiconductor manufacturing, metallurgy, chemical processing, healthcare, and research.CO₂ 3.0 provides a cost-effective solution for applications where ultra-high purity is not required, while still ensuring reliable and reproducible performance.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Gas purity ≥ 99.9%</li><li>Stable composition for analytical use</li><li>Suitable as operational and calibration gas</li><li>Supplied in pressurized cylinders</li><li>Broad application range</li><li>Cost-effective solution</li></ul><h4>Technical Specifications</h4><ul><li>Gas: carbon dioxide (CO₂)</li><li>Purity: ≥ 99.9% (3.0 grade)</li><li>Supply form: pressurized gas cylinder</li><li>Other available grades:<ul><li>CO₂ for welding</li><li>CO₂ 4.5</li><li>CO₂ 4.8</li><li>CO₂ 5.3</li><li>CO₂ for SFE/SFC</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Applications</h4><ul><li>Operational and calibration gas in analytics</li><li>Gas chromatography and laboratory analysis</li><li>Semiconductor manufacturing</li><li>Metallurgy and chemical industry</li><li>Healthcare and research</li><li>CO₂ lasers</li></ul>

Linde Carbon Dioxide CO₂ 4.5 – Gas Cylinder

Linde CO₂ 4.5 (≥99.995%) gas cylinder for analytics, calibration, and CO₂ lasers. High-purity solution for laboratories, semiconductors, and research.

Carbon dioxide CO₂ 4.5 from Linde is a high-purity gas with a purity of ≥ 99.995%, supplied in pressurized cylinders for demanding laboratory, analytical, and industrial applications.Its elevated purity makes it ideal as a resonator gas for CO₂ lasers, as well as an operational and calibration gas in analytical chemistry, where low impurity levels and high stability are essential. It is also widely used in semiconductor manufacturing, metallurgy, chemical processing, healthcare, and research.CO₂ 4.5 represents an optimal balance between high purity and cost efficiency across a broad range of applications.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Gas purity ≥ 99.995%</li><li>Suitable for CO₂ laser applications</li><li>Stable composition for analytical use</li><li>Low impurity levels</li><li>Supplied in pressurized cylinders</li><li>Broad laboratory and industrial applicability</li></ul><h4>Technical Specifications</h4><ul><li>Gas: carbon dioxide (CO₂)</li><li>Purity: ≥ 99.995% (4.5 grade)</li><li>Supply form: pressurized gas cylinder</li><li>Other available grades:<ul><li>CO₂ for welding</li><li>CO₂ 3.0</li><li>CO₂ 4.8</li><li>CO₂ 5.3</li><li>CO₂ for SFE/SFC</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Applications</h4><ul><li>Resonator gas for CO₂ lasers</li><li>Operational and calibration gas in analytics</li><li>Gas chromatography and laboratory analysis</li><li>Semiconductor manufacturing</li><li>Metallurgy and chemical industry</li><li>Healthcare and research</li></ul>

Linde Methane 2.5 – Gas Cylinder

Linde Methane 2.5 (≥99.5%) gas cylinder for metallurgy, microelectronics, and measurement applications. Reliable fuel and process gas.

Methane 2.5 from Linde is a technical-grade gas with a purity of ≥ 99.5%, supplied in pressurized cylinders for a wide range of industrial and laboratory applications.Due to its properties, methane is an ideal fuel and process gas, particularly for thermal treatments and the creation of controlled atmospheres in metallurgy. It is also used in electronics, microelectronics, and various analytical and physical measurement techniques.Methane 2.5 provides a cost-effective and reliable solution for applications where ultra-high purity is not required but consistent performance is essential.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Gas purity ≥ 99.5%</li><li>Suitable as fuel and process gas</li><li>Stable composition for industrial use</li><li>Cost-effective solution</li><li>Supplied in pressurized cylinders</li><li>Broad range of applications</li></ul><h4>Technical Specifications</h4><ul><li>Gas: methane (CH₄)</li><li>Purity: ≥ 99.5% (2.5 grade)</li><li>Supply form: pressurized gas cylinder<ul><li>10 l (200 bar)</li><li>50 l (200bar)</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Applications</h4><ul><li>Metallurgy – controlled atmospheres for thermal processing</li><li>Electronics and microelectronics</li><li>Energy carrier for specialized processes (e.g., explosive surface treatment)</li><li>Standard gas for calorimetric measurements</li><li>Process gas for radioactivity measurements</li></ul>

Linde Oxygen 3.5 – Gas Cylinder

Linde Oxygen 3.5 (≥99.95%) gas cylinder for metal cutting and industrial use. Higher purity improves cutting speed and quality.

Oxygen 3.5 from Linde is a technical-grade gas with a purity of ≥ 99.95%, supplied in pressurized cylinders for industrial and technological applications.Its enhanced purity improves combustion efficiency, increases cutting speed, and enhances cut quality. This makes it ideal for laser, plasma, and oxy-fuel cutting of metals, particularly steels and sheet materials. It is also widely used in electronics, precision engineering, mechanical engineering, and in the production of vehicles, aircraft, and pressure vessels.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Gas purity ≥ 99.95%</li><li>Supports high-intensity combustion</li><li>Improves cutting speed</li><li>Enhances cut quality</li><li>Suitable for industrial applications</li><li>Supplied in pressurized cylinders</li></ul><h4>Technical Specifications</h4><ul><li>Gas: oxygen (O₂)</li><li>Purity: ≥ 99.95% (3.5 grade)</li><li>Supply form: pressurized gas cylinder<ul><li>50 l (200 bar)</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Applications</h4><ul><li>Laser cutting of metals</li><li>Plasma cutting</li><li>Oxy-fuel cutting</li><li>Electronics and precision engineering</li><li>Mechanical engineering</li><li>Manufacturing of vehicles, aircraft, and pressure vessels</li></ul>

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