<div>In 2025, two outstanding young female researchers, Drs. Filipa Oliveira and Stella Gonsales, both originally from outside the Czech Republic, received prestigious JUNIOR STAR grants from the Czech Science Foundation (GAČR). JUNIOR STAR enables early career researchers to establish their own independent research groups and significantly advance their scientific careers. Their projects reflect cutting-edge research in materials science and sustainable chemistry, highlighting the international reach and welcoming research environment at UCT Prague.Dr. Stella Gonsales is also a&nbsp;laureate of the Dagmar Procházková Fund, which supports promising scientific projects in sustainable and advanced organic chemistry. Another recipient of this grant is Dr.&nbsp;Anna Valunchene, whose research complements UCT Prague’s&nbsp;sustainability goals. This dual funding underlines Stella’s&nbsp;remarkable achievements and the wide scope of innovative research at UCT Prague.Both Filipa and Stella are actively looking for motivated students and researchers to join their teams, offering a&nbsp;unique opportunity to work at the forefront of science in a&nbsp;vibrant and supportive environment.</div><div><h3>Interview with Filipa Oliveira: Pioneering tubular MXenes for supercapacitor energy storage</h3><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/VSCHT_Praha_V_prestizni_soutezi_GACR_uspely_dve_zahranicni_vedkyne_z_VSCHT_2_da6e538579.jpeg" alt="VŠCHT Prague: JUNIOR STAR Grants at UCT Prague: Two talented women from abroad driving innovation in science: Filipa Oliveira" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_VSCHT_Praha_V_prestizni_soutezi_GACR_uspely_dve_zahranicni_vedkyne_z_VSCHT_2_da6e538579.jpeg 235w," sizes="100vw" width="1500" height="999"><h5>Congratulations on receiving the JUNIOR STAR grant. What does this achievement mean for you and how will it influence your next steps?</h5>Thank you. It’s&nbsp;a huge achievement to receive this prestigious grant. It gives me the opportunity to establish my own research group here at UCT Prague. The JUNIOR STAR program supports talented young scientists in building their teams and accessing resources. This means I&nbsp;now have the support to focus fully on my research about tubular MXenes and their application in supercapacitors.<h5>Why are tubular MXenes so innovative for energy storage?</h5>MXenes are a family of 2D materials with a layered, accordion-like structure and known for their excellent electrical conductivity. Our innovation is to produce them with a tubular morphology, combining the high conductivity and redox activity in superior ion-transport tubular architectures. Their open, hollow structure increases surface area, ion diffusion and charge transport. This could translate to faster, more efficient supercapacitors, critical for sustainable energy technologies.<h5>How did your scientific interest lead you to this field?</h5>Global challenges around green energy made me focus on materials that can improve energy storage. MXenes stood out because changes in the composition and structure can significantly change their properties. I&nbsp;was curious about how tuning different metallic elements in a&nbsp;tubular morphology can impact how MXenes perform and how to optimize them for practical applications.<h5>What challenges have you encountered?</h5>One major challenge is their stability: MXenes oxidize quickly which deteriorates performance. Another challenge is understanding how synthesis conditions of both MXenes and their precursors (MAX phases) must be adapted to create and preserve tubular morphologies since their synthesis mechanisms differ from conventional MXenes. Additionally, effectively communicating the project in the funding proposal to show to reviewers why I&nbsp;should obtain this funding was also a&nbsp;challenge, but thanks to mentorship and collaboration, I&nbsp;overcame these hurdles.<h5>What motivates you most about working at UCT Prague?</h5>The support from colleagues and the excellent technical infrastructure make it a&nbsp;great place to work. Also, being a&nbsp;former member of Professor Sofer’s&nbsp;leading group in 2D&nbsp;materials is inspiring and led me to this achievement.<h5>How do&nbsp;you see your professional development going in the future?</h5>The grant will help me build my own team, acquire equipment, and develop collaborations. My long-term vision is to contribute significantly to sustainable energy solutions and scientific progress both locally and internationally.<h5>You are looking for new team members. What kind of students or scientists do&nbsp;you need?</h5>We are currently welcoming enthusiastic master's&nbsp;students, PhD candidates, and postdocs who are passionate about materials science and eager to explore new frontiers in MXenes and energy storage. If you love curiosity-driven research and want to be part of a&nbsp;growing international team, we encourage you to join us.<h3>Interview with Stella Gonsales: Catalysis as a&nbsp;key to polymer recycling</h3><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/VSCHT_Praha_V_prestizni_soutezi_GACR_uspely_dve_zahranicni_vedkyne_z_VSCHT_3_3d0ded6274.jpeg" alt="VŠCHT Prague: JUNIOR STAR Grants at UCT Prague: Two talented women from abroad driving innovation in science: Stella Gonsales" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_VSCHT_Praha_V_prestizni_soutezi_GACR_uspely_dve_zahranicni_vedkyne_z_VSCHT_3_3d0ded6274.jpeg 233w," sizes="100vw" width="1499" height="1000"><h5>Congratulations on your JUNIOR STAR grant and also being awarded the Dagmar Procházková Fund. What does receiving both mean to you and how will they shape your work?</h5>Thank you. Both grants are hugely important. The JUNIOR STAR grant allows me to expand my group and resources for research into catalytic recycling of polymers, while the Dagmar Procházková Fund supports complementary projects such as synthesizing new biodegradable polymers. Together, they help tackle the plastic waste problem from multiple scientific angles.<h5>Could you explain your research in layperson’s&nbsp;terms?</h5>Most plastics have strong carbon-carbon bonds. We insert more cleavable double bonds into polymers that can be broken down by catalytic reactions called olefin metathesis, making recycling on a&nbsp;molecular level more feasible.<h5>What makes the JUNIOR STAR grant particularly important for your research and career development?</h5>The JUNIOR STAR grant is a&nbsp;prestigious and highly competitive funding opportunity aimed at excellent early-career scientists within eight years of completing a&nbsp;Ph.D. It provides up to 25&nbsp;million CZK over five years, allowing recipients to establish independent research groups and pursue innovative scientific topics. This grant is crucial for building a&nbsp;solid foundation, acquiring necessary equipment, and recruiting talented team members, enabling the pursuit of ambitious projects that can significantly contribute to both the Czech scientific community and global challenges.<h5>What collaborations support your research?</h5>The collaboration between UCT Prague and the Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry (IOCB) of the Czech Academy of Sciences primarily provides financial and technical support. The cooperation helps with funding, access to advanced equipment, and operational resources needed for running research projects.<h5>What advice would you give young scientists aiming to succeed?</h5>I&nbsp;encourage thinking outside the box and combining diverse knowledge you acquire during your career to address complex problems that are exciting and relevant to you.<h5>Your laboratory bears the name of Otto Wichterle and was ceremonially opened in the presence of Professor Kamil Wichterle. How does Wichterle’s&nbsp;legacy inspire you personally?</h5>Wichterle’<s>’</s>s&nbsp;innovative spirit motivates me to push creative boundaries and pursue novel solutions in sustainable chemistry.<h5>What are your visions for the future?</h5>I&nbsp;aim to build a&nbsp;research group that advances sustainable polymer recycling, contributing to environmental responsibility and the circular economy.<h5>You are recruiting people for your team. What skills do&nbsp;they need to have?</h5>We are looking for talented Ph.D. students and postdocs experienced in air-sensitive catalysis techniques. If you want to contribute to transformative research in sustainable chemistry and join a&nbsp;dynamic team, this is a&nbsp;great opportunity.</div>

JUNIOR STAR Grants at UCT Prague: Two talented women from abroad driving innovation in science

The clean laboratories of the CEITEC Nano research infrastructure at CEITEC Brno University of Technology house a four-meter-tall TITAN transmission electron microscope for researching materials at the atomic level. This scientific device underwent two significant upgrades this year, entailing the addition of two state-of-the-art technologies: an electromagnetic lens aberration corrector for scanning transmission electron microscopy and an electron energy loss spectrometer equipped with cameras featuring today's most sensitive sensors. Thanks to these upgrades, TITAN has become a state-of-the-art device that can only be found in a few of the world's most advanced laboratories in this configuration.The TITAN Themis microscope was manufactured in 2015 by FEI (now Thermo Fisher Scientific) and has been in use at CEITEC BUT since 2016. At the time of its acquisition, it was one of the most powerful commercially available electron microscopes; however, it lacked a corrector for optical defects in the lenses that form the narrow electron beam scanning the sample. This meant limited resolution and a lower ability to analyze the chemical composition and physical properties of materials at the atomic level."The latest generation S-CORR aberration corrector allows the electron beam to be focused to a size up to twice smaller than an atom, while also providing a higher electron current. This has led to a significant increase in the resolution and analytical capabilities of the microscope," explains Jan Michalička, guarantor of the TITAN microscope. "Thanks to the new corrector, our microscope achieves the world's highest standard in resolution, specifically less than 50 picometers at an acceleration voltage of 300 keV." For better understanding, he adds a comparison: "Imagine the ratio of the size of a golf ball to that of planet Earth. That is exactly the ratio of an atom measuring 100 pm to a golf ball." Thanks to this resolution, scientists are not only able to image individual atoms, but also to determine their chemical nature through further analysis. This is of fundamental importance, for example, for the development of new catalysts for a more environmentally friendly chemical industry.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/CEITEC_Upgrade_transmisniho_elektronoveho_mikroskopu_TITAN_zaradil_CEITEC_mezi_elitni_laboratore_8ebd8d7245.jpg" alt="CEITEC/CEITEC BUT archive: Upgrade of TITAN transmission electron microscope ranks CEITEC among elite laboratories: Differences in resolution before and after the installation of the aberration corrector." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_CEITEC_Upgrade_transmisniho_elektronoveho_mikroskopu_TITAN_zaradil_CEITEC_mezi_elitni_laboratore_8ebd8d7245.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="904">The new corrector also allows the microscope to achieve high resolution even with low-energy electrons. This is crucial for studying highly sensitive materials such as graphene and other two-dimensional structures, which would be damaged by a stronger electron beam. "Electrons interact strongly with the sample and can damage it at the atomic level, for example, by changing its structure and chemical composition. With the new corrector, we can achieve atomic resolution even at the lowest acceleration voltage of 60 keV, allowing us to study even very sensitive materials in a virtually unchanged state," says Jan Michalička.<h4>The additional installation of a corrector at the CEITEC laboratory is unique worldwide</h4>Correctors of optical defects in electromagnetic lenses are an exceptional technology that has completely changed the world of electron microscopy. For a long time, they were considered technically impossible, and the absence of correctors essentially prevented research into the structure and properties of materials at the atomic level. It was not until the 1990s that a group of four scientists – Harald Rose, Max Haider, Knut Urban, and Ondřej Křivánek – succeeded in implementing this technology, for which they received the prestigious Kavli Prize in 2020. “Correctors basically consist of a pair of complex lenses, each containing a series of magnetic multipoles. In the case of the correctors invented by the first three scientists mentioned above, defects are removed by two hexapole lenses. Our new corrector is based on the same concept,” adds Jan Michalička.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/CEITEC_Upgrade_transmisniho_elektronoveho_mikroskopu_TITAN_zaradil_CEITEC_mezi_elitni_laboratore_2_c7e74d8554.jpeg" alt="CEITEC/CEITEC BUT archive: Upgrade of TITAN transmission electron microscope ranks CEITEC among elite laboratories: Delivered aberration corrector prior to installation, with the TITAN microscope in the background." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_CEITEC_Upgrade_transmisniho_elektronoveho_mikroskopu_TITAN_zaradil_CEITEC_mezi_elitni_laboratore_2_c7e74d8554.jpeg 117w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="2133">The additional installation of a corrector is unique in itself nowadays. Similarly complex technologies are usually installed during the manufacture of microscopes in the factory, in this case in the Netherlands. However, in Brno, the microscope was successfully upgraded with a corrector under the limited conditions of the laboratory. The installation of the corrector took about four months and required the dismantling of a large part of the microscope. "With this installation, we basically went back to the time when the four scientists mentioned above placed their prototype corrector on an older microscope, thus improving its performance," says Jan Michalička with a smile, adding that the most difficult part was the precise adjustment of the corrector and the entire optics of the microscope in order to achieve top parameters. "Even though most things are now controlled by computers, there are only a few people in the world who can install and tune a corrector to the highest level of accuracy. We are therefore extremely pleased to have had such experts at our disposal here."<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/CEITEC_Upgrade_transmisniho_elektronoveho_mikroskopu_TITAN_zaradil_CEITEC_mezi_elitni_laboratore_4_b2cf95fb5c.jpeg" alt="CEITEC/CEITEC BUT archive: Upgrade of TITAN transmission electron microscope ranks CEITEC among elite laboratories: Installation of the aberration corrector – removal of the condenser." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_CEITEC_Upgrade_transmisniho_elektronoveho_mikroskopu_TITAN_zaradil_CEITEC_mezi_elitni_laboratore_4_b2cf95fb5c.jpeg 117w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="2133"><h4>New spectrometer will enable scientists to see more</h4>The second and equally important upgrade to the TITAN microscope is the installation of the latest generation GIF Continuum HR electron energy loss spectrometer by Gatan. This is an approximately two-meter-long device installed horizontally under the microscope, whose main component is a magnetic prism that separates the electron beam according to their energy losses. The spectra of these losses provide enormous information about the sample, principally at the atomic level, as they are characteristic of the given state of the atoms, such as the valence arrangement of their electron shell. In combination with the new corrector, the spectra can be used to analyze the chemical bonds, arrangement in the crystal lattice, or the entire range of physical properties of atomic nanostructures down to the level of individual atoms.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/CEITEC_Upgrade_transmisniho_elektronoveho_mikroskopu_TITAN_zaradil_CEITEC_mezi_elitni_laboratore_8_fdab871ef5.jpeg" alt="CEITEC/CEITEC BUT archive: Upgrade of TITAN transmission electron microscope ranks CEITEC among elite laboratories: Installation of the spectrometer beneath the microscope, magnetic prism." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_CEITEC_Upgrade_transmisniho_elektronoveho_mikroskopu_TITAN_zaradil_CEITEC_mezi_elitni_laboratore_8_fdab871ef5.jpeg 117w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="2133">An essential part of the spectrometer are the state-of-the-art K3 and Stela cameras, which can directly detect and count individual electrons. At the same time, these cameras are extremely fast and their sensors capture data without noise. "These features of our cameras are key to measuring sensitive or dynamically changing samples and allow us to obtain information that was previously invisible to electron microscopes," says Jan Michalička.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/CEITEC_Upgrade_transmisniho_elektronoveho_mikroskopu_TITAN_zaradil_CEITEC_mezi_elitni_laboratore_9_d8b87903f2.jpeg" alt="CEITEC/CEITEC BUT archive: Upgrade of TITAN transmission electron microscope ranks CEITEC among elite laboratories: Installed high-performance spectrometer cameras." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_CEITEC_Upgrade_transmisniho_elektronoveho_mikroskopu_TITAN_zaradil_CEITEC_mezi_elitni_laboratore_9_d8b87903f2.jpeg 117w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="2133">Last but not least, the spectrometer will open up completely new possibilities for measuring the magnetic properties of atomic structures. The new spectrometer will also be used for such experiments within the project TERAFIT, which financed this upgrade, and which focuses on research into materials for ultra-high capacity, speed, and energy efficiency in information technology. "The device is fully prepared for advanced experiments and the use of modern software tools, including artificial intelligence," adds Vojtěch Uhlíř, head of the Nanomagnetism and Spintronics research group at CEITEC BUT and one of the TERAFIT project investigators, highlighting the advantages of the spectrometer.Together with the corrector, the spectrometer represents a breakthrough in the analysis of material properties, and according to Jan Michalička, CEITEC now has one of the most powerful microscopes available. “In modern materials science, for example, in the development of magnetic memories, quantum materials, or 2D structures, it is necessary to see not only atoms, but also their behaviour in real time, including magnetic states. And it is this spectrometer that pushes the boundaries of what we can see and analyze.” Michal Urbánek, head of the CEITEC Nano laboratories and coordinator of the large research infrastructure <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.czechnanolab.cz/">CzechNanoLab</a>, agrees with him, adding that the device can now contribute to scientific knowledge on a global scale. “Thanks to its integration into the large CzechNanoLab research infrastructure, this state-of-the-art microscope is accessible not only to scientists from CEITEC, but also to other institutions in the Czech Republic and abroad.”<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/CEITEC_Upgrade_transmisniho_elektronoveho_mikroskopu_TITAN_zaradil_CEITEC_mezi_elitni_laboratore_10_7a2b57cc6d.jpeg" alt="CEITEC/CEITEC BUT archive: Upgrade of TITAN transmission electron microscope ranks CEITEC among elite laboratories: Final configuration of the TITAN microscope after installation of the aberration corrector and spectrometer." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_CEITEC_Upgrade_transmisniho_elektronoveho_mikroskopu_TITAN_zaradil_CEITEC_mezi_elitni_laboratore_10_7a2b57cc6d.jpeg 117w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="2133"><blockquote>Do you want to know more? Read the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.ceitec.eu/upgrade-of-titan-transmission-electron-microscope-ranks-ceitec-among-elite-laboratories-expert-version/t11696?secret=40ab0267-ec7e-11f0-8f5d-2ed9ab825d4b">expert version</a> of this article.</blockquote>

Upgrade of TITAN transmission electron microscope ranks CEITEC among elite laboratories

Scientists at IOCB Prague are uncovering new details of gene transcription. They have identified a previously unknown molecular mechanism by which the transcription of genetic information from deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) into ribonucleic acid (RNA) can be initiated. The researchers focused on a specific class of molecules known as alarmones, which are found in cells across a wide range of organisms and whose levels often increase under conditions of cellular stress. The results were published in the prestigious scientific journal Nature Chemical Biology.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/UOCHB_Vyzkum_z_UOCHB_odhaluje_dosud_nepoznany_zpusob_prepisu_geneticke_informace_bc2bfffa6c.jpg" alt="IOCB Prague/Tomáš Belloň: Research from IOCB Prague reveals a previously unknown mechanism of genetic transcription: Dr. Hana Cahová, head of the Chemical Biology of Nucleic Acids research group." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_UOCHB_Vyzkum_z_UOCHB_odhaluje_dosud_nepoznany_zpusob_prepisu_geneticke_informace_bc2bfffa6c.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="2000" height="1335"><div>Molecules of ribonucleic acid can carry a variety of chemical modifications at one end, known as caps. In eukaryotic organisms, including human cells, the best-known cap plays an important role in RNA stability and in regulating its subsequent fate. In recent years, however, it has become clear that alternative, non-canonical RNA caps also exist, although their formation and the mechanisms by which they are attached to RNA remain only partially understood. These include alarmone caps, formed by dinucleoside polyphosphate molecules, that protect cellular RNA at moments when the cell is under threat.In their study, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://cahova.group.uochb.cz/en">Dr. Hana Cahová</a> and colleagues examined bacterial RNA polymerase and investigated how this enzyme can initiate transcription using dinucleoside polyphosphates (NpNs) instead of the standard RNA building blocks. For the first time, the scientists described, at the atomic level, how RNA bearing an alarmone cap can be generated directly at the initiation of gene transcription. They also observed that NpNs bind through a different type of base pairing than is typically observed.The work was significantly shaped by Valentina Serianni from Hana Cahová’s team, who demonstrated the ability of dinucleoside polyphosphates to initiate gene transcription, and by Jana Škerlová, who focused on the structural analysis of RNA polymerase. Using cryogenic electron microscopy data, she showed how dinucleoside polyphosphate molecules bind within the active site of RNA polymerase – that is, the core of the enzyme where genetic information is transcribed. Together, their findings help to elucidate the processes that accompany the transcription of genetic information from DNA to RNA.Hana Cahová adds: “We’re describing something that truly occurs in cells and that we’re now able to observe directly at the level of individual molecules. This allows us to answer fundamental questions about cellular processes, such as how cells adapt to stress. RNA plays a central role in this, as it carries the cascade of information underlying any cellular response – for example, to threatening conditions caused by nutrient deprivation or temperature shock.”<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/UOCHB_Vyzkum_z_UOCHB_odhaluje_dosud_nepoznany_zpusob_prepisu_geneticke_informace_2_0fe88ff9e9.jpg" alt="IOCB Prague/Tomáš Belloň: Research from IOCB Prague reveals a previously unknown mechanism of genetic transcription: Dr. Tomáš Kouba, head of the Cryogenic Electron Microscopy core facility." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_UOCHB_Vyzkum_z_UOCHB_odhaluje_dosud_nepoznany_zpusob_prepisu_geneticke_informace_2_0fe88ff9e9.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="2000" height="1335"><div>Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) was central to the project. This part of the work was led by Dr. Tomáš Kouba, one of the authors of the study. “Cryogenic electron microscopy allows us to freeze biological molecules in a state very close to their natural form and then determine their three-dimensional structure. This makes it possible to look directly into the active centers of enzymes and observe their function down to the atomic level,” he explains.Last year, IOCB Prague opened a new <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://cryoem.group.uochb.cz/en">cryo-EM center</a> that is unique within the Czech research environment. State-of-the-art cryogenic electron microscopes are housed in a specially designed building and enable the study of biological processes with exceptional structural precision.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/UOCHB_Vyzkum_z_UOCHB_odhaluje_dosud_nepoznany_zpusob_prepisu_geneticke_informace_3_4d881e7a58.jpg" alt="IOCB Prague: Research from IOCB Prague reveals a previously unknown mechanism of genetic transcription: This work shows how NpnNs initiate bacterial transcription. Cryo-EM reveals how nucleobases pair with the template: one in canonical and one in reverse Watson–Crick mode, providing a structural basis for their function as non-canonical RNA caps." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_UOCHB_Vyzkum_z_UOCHB_odhaluje_dosud_nepoznany_zpusob_prepisu_geneticke_informace_3_4d881e7a58.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="2000" height="1077"><blockquote><h4>The Original article</h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41589-025-02134-5">Molecular insight into 5′ RNA capping with NpnNs by bacterial RNA polymerase</a></h4>Valentina M. Serianni, Jana Škerlová, Anna Knopp Dubánková, Anton Škríba, Hana Šváchová, Tereza Vučková, Anatolij Filimoněnko, Milan Fábry, Pavlína Řezáčová, Tomáš Kouba &amp; Hana Cahova&nbsp;Nat. Chem. Biol. 21 (2026)<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41589-025-02134-5">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41589-025-02134-5</a><h6>licensed under <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC-BY 4.0</a></h6></blockquote><h4>Abstract</h4>RNA capped with dinucleoside polyphosphates has been discovered in bacteria and eukaryotes only recently. The likely mechanism of this specific capping involves direct incorporation of dinucleoside polyphosphates by RNA polymerase as noncanonical initiating nucleotides. However, how these compounds bind into the active site of RNA polymerase during transcription initiation is unknown. Here, we explored transcription initiation in vitro, using a series of DNA templates in combination with dinucleoside polyphosphates and model RNA polymerase from Thermus thermophilus. We observed that the transcription start site can vary on the basis of the compatibility of the specific template and dinucleoside polyphosphate. Cryo-electron microscopy structures of transcription initiation complexes with dinucleoside polyphosphates revealed that both nucleobase moieties can pair with the DNA template. The first encoded nucleotide pairs in a canonical Watson–Crick manner, whereas the second nucleobase pairs noncanonically in a reverse Watson–Crick manner. Our work provides a structural explanation of how dinucleoside polyphosphates initiate RNA transcription.</div></div>

Research from IOCB Prague reveals a previously unknown mechanism of genetic transcription

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Science and research

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Since its establishment in 2011, CEITEC has quickly developed into a cutting-edge infrastructure for research which performs highly alongside the best institutes in Europe. Among the main priorities of CEITEC are the promotion of a motivating and dynamic international scientific environment, the provision of state-of-the-art research infrastructure, and the policy of open communication and equal opportunities.

CEITEC

The University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague is a natural centre of first-rate study and research in the area of chemistry in Czechia and is one of the country's largest educational and research institutions focused on technical chemistry, chemical and biochemical technologies, material and chemical engineering, food chemistry, and environmental studies.

UCT Prague

The Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IOCB Prague) is a leading scientific institution in the Czech Republic, recognized internationally. Its primary mission is basic research in the fields of chemical biology and medicinal chemistry, organic and material oriented chemistry, chemistry of natural compounds, biochemistry and molecular biology, physical chemistry, theoretical chemistry, and analytical chemistry. 

Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences

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</ul>
<a href="https://www.dataapex.com/controls">List of supported instruments</a>
<a href="https://www.dataapex.com/product/clarity-std-compatibility">Compatible Windows OS and Hardware</a>
<a href="https://www.dataapex.com/product/clarity-21cfr-compliance">Clarity 21 CFR Part 11 compliance</a>

DataApex EA - Elemental Analysis Extension for Clarity

Using features that are specific to EA Analysis, such as Standard Table, automatic weight input from analytical balance and other improvements, EA Extension provides an interactive and automated tool for determining the Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Sulfur (CHNS-O) content of unknowns.

<h3>The extension for elemental analysis</h3>
EA Extension is a software module for Elemental Analysis. Determining the Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Sulphur (CHNS-O) content of unknowns is one of the most basic and essential needs of any chemist. It provides a simplified version of the <a href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/999">Clarity</a> user interface that speeds up the workflow with elemental analyzers equipped with autosamplers. Its user interface is optimized for maximum efficiency in repetitive tasks. Using features that are specific to EA Analysis, such as Standard Table, automatic weight input from analytical balance and other improvements, EA Extension provides an interactive and automated tool for determining the Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Sulfur (CHNS-O) content of unknowns.
<h3>Main features</h3>
<ul>
<li>Calibration: Simplified work with template method and calibration. One setting is shared for all samples in the same sequence.
</li>
<li>Standard Table: For your convenience, the software contains Standard Table with a list of the most commonly used calibration standards and their elemental composition.
</li>
<li>Reporting: Clarity EA supports the printing of user defined protocols. Its configuration is saved in a report style, which defines the content and form through the printout. Protocols can be printed to the PDF file.
</li>
<li>Analytical balance: The Clarity Elemental Analysis Software provides direct interface with the analytical balance (Sartorius and Mettler). After weighing the sample, the operator presses the print key on the balance (or uses software instruction) to directly transfer the sample weight to the software sample information field thereby eliminating any possible transcription errors.
</li>
<li>Sequence Table: Measurement is managed using the Sequence Table. The Summary Table displays results clearly. ASCII and AIA data formats can be exported or imported directly.
</li>
<li>Database: Results can be exported in the .txt and .dbf format.
</li>
</ul>

Wiley KnowItAll Analytical Edition Software

KnowItAll by Wiley offers a comprehensive solution for identifying, analyzing, and managing analytical data, enhancing spectral analysis speed and overall lab efficiency.

Solutions for IR, MS, NMR, Raman, &amp; UV-Vis<blockquote>More information on the Wiley Science Solutions website: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://sciencesolutions.wiley.com/knowitall-analytical-edition-software/">KnowItAll Analytical Edition Software</a></blockquote><h5>Accelerate Spectral Analysis &amp; Boost Efficiency!</h5>KnowItAll by Wiley is an all-in-one solution for identifying, analyzing, and managing spectral data, streamlining lab workflows.<ul data-start="208" data-end="581" data-is-only-node="" data-is-last-node=""><li data-start="208" data-end="328">User-friendly interface with tools for processing, searching, mixture analysis, deconvolution, and reporting</li><li data-start="329" data-end="406">Patented spectral intelligence for automated, expert-driven workflows</li><li data-start="407" data-end="481">Supports multiple techniques &amp; vendor formats for full flexibility</li><li data-start="482" data-end="581" data-is-last-node="">Integrated with Wiley’s high-quality spectral databases for faster, more accurate results</li></ul><figure class="image"><img style="aspect-ratio:1922/1036;" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Wiley_Wiley_Know_It_All_Analytical_Edition_Software_cover_a703599ad2/Wiley-Wiley-KnowItAll-Analytical-Edition-Software-cover.jpg" alt="Wiley: Wiley KnowItAll Analytical Edition Software" width="1922" height="1036"></figure><h4>Streamline Your Analysis with KnowItAll</h4>KnowItAll integrates all essential tools and data into a single, user-friendly platform, saving you time, optimizing workflows, and enhancing data interpretation.<h4>Compatible Data Types</h4>A vendor-neutral solution, KnowItAll supports 130+ instrument formats, ensuring seamless workflow continuity even as lab equipment evolves.<ul data-start="408" data-end="518"><li data-start="408" data-end="473">Spectroscopic Techniques: IR, MS, NIR, NMR, Raman, UV-Vis</li><li data-start="474" data-end="518">Chromatograms &amp; Molecular Structures</li></ul><h3 data-start="520" data-end="542">Key Features</h3>Eliminate the need for multiple software packages—KnowItAll combines powerful tools in one intuitive interface for seamless transitions between tasks.<ul data-start="701" data-end="998"><li data-start="701" data-end="750">Comprehensive Spectrum &amp; Mixture Analysis</li><li data-start="751" data-end="799">Database Management &amp; Advanced Searching</li><li data-start="800" data-end="863">Structure Drawing &amp; Professional Reporting (ChemWindow)</li><li data-start="864" data-end="907">Spectrum Processing &amp; Deconvolution</li><li data-start="908" data-end="956">Extensive Spectral Library Subscriptions</li><li data-start="957" data-end="998">Quantitative Analysis Module</li><li data-start="1030" data-end="1072">IR/Raman functional group analysis</li><li data-start="1073" data-end="1128">MS reverse &amp; adaptive search (patente)</li><li data-start="1129" data-end="1174">Automated MS deconvolution &amp; analysis</li><li data-start="1175" data-end="1212">NMR chemical shift prediction</li></ul><h4>What’s Included?</h4><h5>Data Toolbox</h5><ul data-start="1264" data-end="1540"><li data-start="1264" data-end="1318">ID Expert™ – One-click spectral identification</li><li data-start="1319" data-end="1411">SearchIt™ – Advanced database search with mixture analysis &amp; multi-technique support</li><li data-start="1412" data-end="1470">MineIt™ – Spectral database creation &amp; data mining</li><li data-start="1471" data-end="1540">QC Expert™ – Quality control for IR, Raman, and Chromatograms</li></ul><h5>Spectral Processing Toolbox</h5><ul data-start="1581" data-end="1716"><li data-start="1581" data-end="1652">MS Expert™ – GC-MS deconvolution with automated database search</li><li data-start="1653" data-end="1716">ProcessIt™ – Spectrum processing for IR, MS, NMR, Raman</li></ul><h5>Spectral Analysis Toolbox</h5><ul data-start="1755" data-end="1882"><li data-start="1755" data-end="1827">AnalyzeIt™ – Functional group analysis for IR, Raman, &amp; polymers</li><li data-start="1828" data-end="1882">PredictIt™ NMR – NMR chemical shift prediction</li></ul><h5>Basics Toolbox</h5><ul data-start="1910" data-end="2115"><li data-start="1910" data-end="1965">ChemWindow – Full-featured 2D structure drawing</li><li data-start="1966" data-end="2049">ReportIt™ – Professional reporting for structures, spectra, &amp; chromatograms</li><li data-start="2050" data-end="2115">BrowseIt™ – Web portal with KnowItAll resources &amp; updates</li><li data-start="2050" data-end="2115">Optional Quantitation Module - Enhance GC-MS, IR, Raman, UV-Vis, and GC workflows with integrated quantification.</li></ul><h5>Access High-Quality Spectral Libraries</h5><ul><li>Subscribe to Wiley’s industry-leading IR, MS, NMR, Raman, and UV-Vis spectral databases for optimal analytical accuracy.</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Wiley_Wiley_Know_It_All_Analytical_Edition_Software_Know_It_All_Spectral_Libraries_2fdbf59fd0/Wiley-Wiley-KnowItAll-Analytical-Edition-Software-KnowItAll-Spectral-Libraries.jpg" alt="Wiley: Wiley KnowItAll Analytical Edition Software - KnowItAll Spectral Libraries" width="474" height="343"><h4>System Recommendations &amp; Compatibility</h4><ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://sciencesolutions.wiley.com/system-recommendations/">See system recommendations here.</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://sciencesolutions.wiley.com/knowitall-supported-file-formats/">View file formats supported.</a></li></ul>*Subscription required to KnowItAll Spectral Libraries.

Wiley KnowItAll Quantitation

Streamline quantitation with Wiley KnowItAll—an integrated, vendor-neutral tool for GC-MS, IR, UV-Vis & more. Simplifies workflows and eliminates the need for multiple software tools.

<h4>Consolidate your software &amp; analytical workflow using KnowItAll’s integrated quantitation application</h4>Wiley’s KnowItAll now goes beyond substance identification to include quantitative analysis with an integrated, vendor-neutral tool, streamlining workflows and eliminating the need to juggle multiple software packages.The new Quantitation tool supports GC-MS, IR, Raman, UV-Vis, and GC data and offers intuitive, step-by-step processes for external/internal calibration and standard addition. By working within the familiar KnowItAll interface, it reduces training time and minimizes errors from manual tools like Excel.Available as an option in KnowItAll and included in Campus-Wide subscriptions, the tool is also VPAT 508 accessible.

Wiley SmartSpectra Raman Database Collection

Unlock a broader spectrum of possibilities with Wiley SmartSpectra Databases, enhancing your chemical compound coverage to ensure more accurate and comprehensive unknown identification.

<blockquote>Unlock a broader spectrum of possibilities with Wiley SmartSpectra Databases, enhancing your chemical compound coverage to ensure more accurate and comprehensive unknown identification.More information on the Wiley Science Solutions website: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://sciencesolutions.wiley.com/solutions/technique/raman/wiley-smartspectra-raman-database-collection/">Wiley SmartSpectra Raman Database Collection</a></blockquote>The Wiley SmartSpectra Raman Database Collection offers access to 33,163 high-quality spectra for identifying unknown compounds and enhancing analytical workflows. Built on Wiley’s trusted databases, it ensures scientifically sound results.<h5>Key Benefits:</h5><ul data-start="276" data-end="738" data-is-only-node="" data-is-last-node=""><li data-start="276" data-end="352">Aids in identifying rare compounds when empirical databases lack matches</li><li data-start="353" data-end="438">Supports functional group classification, excelling with rigid structures</li><li data-start="439" data-end="530">Derived from Wiley’s high-quality empirical datasets, including Sadtler spectra</li><li data-start="531" data-end="599">Covers a wide range of compound classes for diverse applications</li><li data-start="600" data-end="689">Includes metadata (physical properties, chemical structures) for precise searches</li><li data-start="690" data-end="738" data-is-last-node="">Validated by Subject Matter Experts (SMEs)</li></ul><h4>So, just how much can the SmartSpectra database expand your compound coverage?</h4>The SmartSpectra database accelerates spectral identification by expanding chemical compound coverage. As shown, SmartSpectra data (red) extends the chemical space of the empirical dataset (blue), significantly increasing compound coverage.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Wiley_Wiley_Smart_Spectra_Raman_Database_Collection_Wiley_Raman_empirical_data_only_blue_Smart_Spectra_Raman_data_included_red_da42d540b6.jpg" alt="Wiley: Wiley SmartSpectra Raman Database Collection - Wiley Raman empirical data only (blue), SmartSpectra Raman data included (red)."><h4>Applications</h4>Use the SmartSpectra collection with empirical databases for Raman spectroscopy.<h4>Trusted Data</h4>Wiley is a leading source for spectral data. Its Sadtler databases undergo rigorous quality protocols, from data acquisition to database development. All partner data is thoroughly vetted before inclusion.<blockquote>KnowItAll is a trademark of John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. in certain jurisdictions.Subscription content is subject to change as data may be added or deleted from collections periodically.</blockquote><h3>Databases Included</h3>Subscription includes access to 11 databases including:<ul><li>Wiley SmartSpectra Raman Database of General Compounds (24,585 spectra)</li><li>Wiley SmartSpectra Raman Database of Biochemicals (59 spectra)</li><li>Wiley SmartSpectra Raman Database of Chemical Standards (6,458 spectra)</li><li>Wiley SmartSpectra Raman Database of Drugs (130 spectra)</li><li>Wiley SmartSpectra Raman Database of Dyes (36 spectra)</li><li>Wiley SmartSpectra Raman Database of Explosives and Hazmat Compounds (51 spectra)</li><li>Wiley SmartSpectra Raman Database of Food Related Compounds (277 spectra)</li><li>Wiley SmartSpectra Raman Database of Hydrocarbons (527 spectra)</li><li>Wiley SmartSpectra Raman Database of Industrial Compounds (439 spectra)</li><li>Wiley SmartSpectra Raman Database of Pollutants (449 spectra)</li><li>Wiley SmartSpectra Raman Database of Monomers (152 spectra)</li></ul><h3>Additional information</h3>This SmartSpectra library contains the following valuable metadata to help you narrow and refine your search results:<ul><li>Chemical Structure</li><li>Chemical Name</li><li>Exact Mass</li><li>Formula</li><li>IUPAC InChI/InChIKey</li><li>Molecular Weight</li><li>Nominal mass</li><li>Spectrum/Structure Validation Score</li></ul><h3>Compatibility</h3><ul><li>Recommended as a supplement to the KnowItAll IR Spectral Library collection of curated empirical data.</li><li>For use with KnowItAll 2024 software.</li><li>KnowItAll software is compatible with most major instrument formats. For full KnowItAll file format compatibility information, please visit <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://sciencesolutions.wiley.com/compatibility/">sciencesolutions.wiley.com/compatibility</a>.</li></ul>

DataApex Clarity Chromatography Software

Clarity is a chromatography data software for data acquisition, processing, and instrument control in regulated environment. Clarity is a flexible solution for devices from different vendors, supporting different applications.

Optional control modules provide integrated control of selected instruments such as GCs, LCs, pumps, detectors, autosamplers, etc. Extensions provide functions for specific separation techniques or calculations such as PDA, GPC analysis, Mass spectrometry, or SST. Clarity can run in English, French, German, Russian, Spanish, and Chinese language. Support technicians and developers are close to their users and ready to provide extensive Support from DataApex.
<blockquote>
Ask for <a href="https://www.dataapex.com/product/clarity-demo">Clarity Demo version</a> which allows you to get your hands on software before purchase
</blockquote>
<h3>Main features</h3>
<ul>
<li>Measuring: Simultaneous data acquisition from up to four independent chromatographs, each chromatograph can acquire data from up to 32 detectors.
</li>
<li>Integration: There is an extensive possibility to modify chromatograms. The chromatogram can be changed by entering global parameters or interactively through direct graphic modification of the baseline.
</li>
<li>Overlay: Simultaneously displays a virtually unlimited number of chromatograms and their mathematical modification; for example, mutual deductions or derivations of any order.
</li>
<li>Calibration: Internal and external standard calculation methods, calibration of groups of peaks, and reference peaks method for better identification.
</li>
<li>Wide range of supported instruments: Control modules in Clarity allow users to control various instruments in their lab. See our growing <a href="https://www.dataapex.com/controls">List of supported instruments</a>.
</li>
<li>Extensions completing your workflow: Clarity Extensions integrates your workflow into one application. GPC calculations, PDA data processing, gas or detailed hydrocarbon analyses according to selected norms, and much more.
</li>
<li>Automated measuring support: Sequence tables for any set of samples with or without an autosampler.
</li>
<li>Postrun: Automatically displays, prints, exports, and starts other programs after the completion of a measurement.
</li>
<li>Summary result tables: Displays and prints selected results from all simultaneously displayed chromatograms.
</li>
<li>User settings: User selects parameters for peak display and the specification for axes, including color from an extensive array of color settings. Text labels and lines, either as part of the area or anchored to a chromatogram, may also be inserted.
</li>
<li>Export: Optional exportation of all results, with or without the chromatogram, in various formats, into a file or clipboard.
</li>
<li>Import: Imports chromatograms or mathematical curves, which have been saved in text or AIA formats, from other programs.
</li>
<li>LIMS: Clarity offers connectivity with LIMS, both for sample submission and result output. This can be done via convenient ASCII transfers.
</li>
<li>Method and calibration history: Each chromatogram can easily be displayed under the same conditions as when it was printed, exported, or saved.
</li>
<li>Column performance: Calculations of peaks in terms of symmetry, efficiency, resolution; all by several methods (tangent, moments, etc.).
</li>
<li>Batch: Automatically batch processes, displays, exports, or prints any number of chromatograms.
</li>
<li>User calculations: Users can define custom calculations in the Result and Summary tables. Using the integrated editor, you can create your own columns from original columns and individual mathematical functions.
</li>
<li>User accounts: Sets up access rights and passwords (including their parameters, e.g., minimum length, validity, etc.). Each user can define his or her own appearance of the software.
</li>
<li>Audit trail: Records selected events and operations into a special file. Records selected operations directly into a chromatogram.
</li>
<li>Electronic signature: Each chromatogram can be signed electronically. Signature selection is based on the username or the signature certificate.
</li>
<li>Networked Solution: Clarity chromatography software files can be accessed from networked computers using Clarity Offline software. This enables the offline evaluation of chromatograms, development of new methods, and printing reports. See the <a href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/1000">Clarity Offline</a> for more details.
</li>
<li>Language Localizations available: Useful for non-English speakers. At the moment, there are French, German, Russian, Spanish, and Chinese localizations available in a single installation package. Simply switch to your preferred language anytime.
</li>
<li>Competitive approach: The chromatography market offers many specialized HPLC data systems or GC data systems; these are often provided with the purchased instrument. It is usually complicated to integrate such software into the workflow of the laboratory since they do not enable direct control of additional instruments. Compared to other small-scale solutions, Clarity offers a wide range of directly controlled instruments as well as optional Extensions for specific separation techniques. On the other hand, complex solutions with a wide scope of features and scalable design are quite expensive, which is a limiting factor for many customers. Another drawback of the large solutions is their complexity which imposes high demands on users. Compared to this, Clarity represents a scalable medium-ranged solution with a steep learning curve and competitive prices.
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Clarity configurations examples</h3>
<h4>One chromatograph with two detectors</h4>
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Clarity_Chromatograficky_Software_Clarity_configurations_examples_One_chromatograph_with_two_detectors_ae482b83b8/DataApex-Clarity-Chromatograficky-Software-Clarity-configurations-examples-One-chromatograph-with-two-detectors.jpg" alt="DataApex Clarity Chromatography Software: Clarity configurations examples - One chromatograph with two detectors.jpg"/>
<ul>
<li>The HPLC measures on two detectors. Clarity will acquire two separate signals sharing a common timebase (synchronized START/STOP). A resulting chromatogram will contain two signals.</li>
</ul>
<h4>Two chromatographs, one with multiple detectors</h4>
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Clarity_Chromatograficky_Software_Clarity_configurations_examples_Two_chromatographs_one_with_multiple_detectors_b21dc07faf/DataApex-Clarity-Chromatograficky-Software-Clarity-configurations-examples-Two-chromatographs-one-with-multiple-detectors.jpg" alt="DataApex Clarity Chromatography Software: Clarity configurations examples - Two chromatographs, one with multiple detectors.jpg"/>
<ul>
<li>This example displays a configuration with two chromatography systems (GC + HPLC) where the HPLC system uses multiple detectors. All the detectors attached to the HPLC Instrument will share common timebase (synchronized START/STOP). The GC detector will be independent.</li>
</ul>
<h4>Two chromatographs, one digital control</h4>
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Clarity_Chromatograficky_Software_Clarity_configurations_examples_Two_chromatographs_one_digital_control_1bf9cec334/DataApex-Clarity-Chromatograficky-Software-Clarity-configurations-examples-Two-chromatographs-one-digital-control.jpg" alt="DataApex Clarity Chromatography Software: Clarity configurations examples - Two chromatographs, one digital control.jpg"/> This example displays a configuration with two chromatography systems (GC + LC). The GC is connected and controlled via digital interface *, using a GC Control appropriate module.
<h4>Four chromatographs with autosampler each</h4>
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Clarity_Chromatograficky_Software_Clarity_configurations_examples_Four_chromatographs_with_autosampler_each_945873d808/DataApex-Clarity-Chromatograficky-Software-Clarity-configurations-examples-Four-chromatographs-with-autosampler-each.jpg" alt="DataApex Clarity Chromatography Software: Clarity configurations examples - Four chromatographs with autosampler each.jpg"/>
<ul>
<li>This example displays a configuration with two chromatography systems (GC + LC). The GC is connected and controlled via digital interface *, using a GC Control appropriate module.</li>
</ul>
<a href="https://www.dataapex.com/controls">List of supported instruments</a>
<a href="https://www.dataapex.com/product/clarity-std-compatibility">Compatible Windows OS and Hardware</a>
<a href="https://www.dataapex.com/product/clarity-21cfr-compliance">Clarity 21 CFR Part 11 compliance</a>

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