When test results are used to assess compliance, i.e. to decide whether specifications or regulations are met, the measurement uncertainty of the test results has to be taken into account. Assessment of compliance for cases i and v in the Figure below is clear – the measurement results including the uncertainty interval are clearly above or below the limit value. In the other cases the decision is not clear since the uncertainty interval overlaps the limit value. The Eurachem/CITAC guide [1] gives guidance on cases ii, iii and iv.&nbsp;<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Eurachem_Upper_control_limit_9366d8f597.jpg" alt="Eurachem: Upper control limit" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Eurachem_Upper_control_limit_9366d8f597.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1536" height="585"><h4>We need acceptance &amp; rejection zones&nbsp;</h4>In order to judge whether the results in cases ii, iii, and iv comply with the limit value we need a decision rule, based on the risks associated with making a wrong decision. This decision rule enables a guard band, g, to be calculated which defines an acceptance zone and a rejection zone. If the measurement value is within the acceptance zone the specifications are met and we can conclude compliance. If the measured value is in the rejection zone, we can conclude non-compliance. The intersection between these two zones is called the decision limit. A guard band is normally chosen so that for a measured value in the acceptance zone the probability of correct acceptance is more than or equal to a defined confidence value α. Note that a guard band, g = 0 can also be used. This is called simple acceptance.&nbsp;<h4>Decision rule&nbsp;</h4>A decision rule should have a well-documented method of determining the location of acceptance and rejection zones, ideally including acceptable levels of probability, P, that the value of the measurand 1) lies within the specification limit, high confidence of correct acceptance (low probability of false acceptance) or 2) lies outside the specification limit, high confidence of correct rejection (low probability of false rejection).<h4>Information needed for assessing compliance&nbsp;</h4>The following information is needed:&nbsp;<ul><li>measurand clearly specified;&nbsp;</li><li>specification stating upper or lower limit or both;&nbsp;</li><li>decision rule;&nbsp;</li><li>measured value:&nbsp;</li><li>measurement uncertainty for a measured value at the limit(s).</li></ul><h4>Example focusing on correct acceptance&nbsp;</h4><ul><li>Measurand: Mass fraction of nickel, Ni in a batch of steel delivered to a customer.&nbsp;</li><li>Uncertainty: U = 0.2 % Ni, k = 2 (95 %). Standard uncertainty, u = 0.1 % Ni. This uncertainty includes both sampling uncertainty for the batch and analytical uncertainty.&nbsp;</li><li>Specification: The specification zone is from the lower limit 16.0 % Ni to the upper limit 18.0 % Ni.&nbsp;</li><li>Decision rule High confidence of correct acceptance: The acceptance range is the mass fraction where it can be decided with a confidence level of approximately 95 % (α = 0.05) that the batch has a mass fraction above the lower limit and below the upper limit.&nbsp;</li><li>Guard band: Each guard band is calculated as 1.64u ≈ 0.17 % (rounded upward for safety) with k value 1.64 from the one-tailed upper 95 % quantile of the normal distribution.&nbsp;</li><li>Acceptance zone: 16.2 % Ni to 17.8 % Ni , after rounding to one decimal place.&nbsp;</li><li>Measured value: 16.1 % Ni</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Eurachem_Guard_bands_g_and_acceptance_and_a_rejection_zones_based_on_a_lower_and_upper_bedc4769b3.jpg" alt="Eurachem: Guard bands (g), and acceptance and a rejection zones based on a lower and upper limit and a decision rule stating high confidence of correct acceptance" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Eurachem_Guard_bands_g_and_acceptance_and_a_rejection_zones_based_on_a_lower_and_upper_bedc4769b3.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1091" height="447">The measured value, 16.1 % Ni, is below the lower acceptance limit of 16.2 %; that is, in the rejection zone. The batch is non-compliant.&nbsp;<blockquote>Note – if the decision rule stated simple acceptance the acceptance zone would be 16.0 % to 18.0 % and the batch would be compliant.&nbsp;</blockquote><h4>Example focusing on correct rejection&nbsp;</h4><ul><li>Measurand: Mass fraction of a banned substance in a sample.&nbsp;</li><li>Uncertainty: The relative standard uncertainty urel is 35 %.&nbsp;</li><li>Specification: Upper limit is 2 ng/g.&nbsp;</li><li>Decision rule High confidence of correct rejection: The concentration of the banned substance will be deemed to be above the limit if the probability of the value of the concentration being greater than the limit is 95 % or greater.</li><li>Guard band: The guard band g for correct rejection is 1.6 ng/g assuming a lognormal distribution (due to the high relative uncertainty – see further Guide Annex A, Case 4 [1]).&nbsp;</li><li>Acceptance limit: 3.6 ng/g&nbsp;</li><li>Measured value: 3.3 ng/g&nbsp;</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Eurachem_Guard_band_g_and_acceptance_and_a_rejection_zones_based_f0f8f140db.jpg" alt="Eurachem: Guard band (g), and acceptance and a rejection zones based on a decision rule stating high confidence of correct rejection" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Eurachem_Guard_band_g_and_acceptance_and_a_rejection_zones_based_f0f8f140db.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="883" height="392">The measured value, 3.3 ng/g, is below the acceptance limit of 3.6 ng/g; that is, in the acceptance zone. The sample is compliant. Note that the assumption of the type of distribution is crucial. If assuming a normal distribution in this case the acceptance limit would be 3.2 ng/g and the sample would not be compliant.

Use of uncertainty in compliance

<h4>Overcoming matrix suppression and signal drift in environmental samples and industrial brines</h4>As demand for lithium, rare earth elements (REEs), and environmental monitoring continues to grow, laboratories are increasingly challenged by one of the most difficult sample types in elemental analysis: high-salinity waters. Whether analyzing lithium-rich underground brines for electric vehicle battery production or monitoring seawater and brackish water for environmental compliance, laboratories require a solution that combines sensitivity, robustness, and productivity.The <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/1487">Thermo Scientific iCAP MSX ICP-MS</a> addresses these challenges by delivering reliable trace element analysis across a wide range of salt concentrations—from seawater to highly concentrated brines containing up to 25% sodium chloride.<h3>Why high-salt samples challenge ICP-MS</h3>Brines and seawater present significant analytical obstacles. High dissolved solids can cause:<ul><li>Signal drift and matrix suppression</li><li>Nebulizer blockages</li><li>Torch injector fouling</li><li>Interface cone contamination</li><li>Increased maintenance and downtime</li></ul>Traditional workflows often require extensive manual dilution, frequent recalibration, and additional operator intervention. These steps reduce throughput and increase operating costs.<h3>A unified solution for brines and seawater</h3><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_Trace_Metal_Analysis_in_High_Salt_Matrices_by_ICP_MS_4_78a4a8997a.jpg" alt="Thermo Fisher Scientific: Trace Metal Analysis in High Salt Matrices by ICP-MS" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_Trace_Metal_Analysis_in_High_Salt_Matrices_by_ICP_MS_4_78a4a8997a.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1808" height="900">The iCAP MSX ICP-MS leverages integrated Argon Gas Dilution (AGD) technology to enable direct analysis of challenging high-matrix samples while maintaining excellent sensitivity and stability.Key advantages include:<ul><li>Analysis of brines up to 25% NaCl without manual dilution</li><li>High matrix tolerance with the AGD High setting</li><li>Automated tuning and instrument health monitoring</li><li>Stable internal standard performance</li><li>Reduced maintenance requirements</li><li>Consistent data quality across varying salt concentrations</li><li>Reduced sample handling, dilution apparatus, and potential for contamination</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_Trace_Metal_Analysis_in_High_Salt_Matrices_by_ICP_MS_3_785f2e2d29.jpg" alt="Thermo Fisher Scientific: Trace Metal Analysis in High Salt Matrices by ICP-MS" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_Trace_Metal_Analysis_in_High_Salt_Matrices_by_ICP_MS_3_785f2e2d29.jpg 221w," sizes="100vw" width="1400" height="989">This unified approach allows laboratories to use a single method for multiple sample types, improving efficiency and simplifying operations.<h3>Engineered for robustness</h3>Several hardware innovations contribute to the system’s performance:Collision / Reaction Cell The Thermo Scientific QCell Collision / Reaction Cell utilizes a proprietary Flatapole design and integrated low-mass cutoff technology to provide effective interference removal while maintaining high ion transmission and sensitivity.RAPID lens technology The Right Angle Positive Ion Deflection (RAPID) lens system uses a fully focused 90-degree ion deflection design that helps keep the mass spectrometer maintenance-free after the interface region.Flexible AGD operation Unlike alternative matrix-handling approaches, AGD offers selectable dilution levels fully integrated within the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/1489">Thermo Scientific Qtegra Intelligent Scientific Data Solution (ISDS) software</a>, simplifying operation while maintaining performance.<h3>Supporting the growing lithium and rare earth economy</h3>The rapid expansion of electric vehicle production has intensified the need for reliable impurity analysis in lithium-rich underground brines. Accurate determination of trace metals and rare earth elements is essential for:<ul><li>Resource characterization</li><li>Process optimization</li><li>Product quality assurance</li><li>Regulatory compliance</li></ul>The ability to analyze both concentrated brines and seawater using a single workflow enables laboratories to support upstream extraction, refining operations, and environmental monitoring with greater efficiency.<h3>Improving productivity through intelligent automation</h3>Beyond analytical performance, the iCAP MSX ICP-MS is designed to reduce the operator’s workload through:<ul><li>Automatic instrument tuning</li><li>Integrated health monitoring</li><li>Hawk Consumables and Maintenance Assistant</li><li>Simplified maintenance planning</li><li>Reduced risk of unplanned downtime</li></ul>These features help laboratories maximize instrument uptime while maintaining confidence in data quality.<h3>Seawater validation data demonstrates excellent accuracy and sensitivity</h3>To evaluate analytical performance in a challenging marine matrix, seawater samples were analyzed both unspiked and with trace-element spike additions of 1 ppb and 0.1 ppb. The study included transition metals, precious metals, and Rare Earth Elements (REEs) measured using KED mode.<h5>1 ppb spike recovery results</h5>The 1 ppb spike experiment demonstrated strong recoveries across most analytes:<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_Trace_Metal_Analysis_in_High_Salt_Matrices_by_ICP_MS_c27a27a631.jpg" alt="Thermo Fisher Scientific: Trace Metal Analysis in High Salt Matrices by ICP-MS" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_Trace_Metal_Analysis_in_High_Salt_Matrices_by_ICP_MS_c27a27a631.jpg 110w," sizes="100vw" width="834" height="1180">The majority of REEs showed recoveries between approximately 102% and 116%, demonstrating excellent accuracy in a high-salt seawater matrix. Particularly noteworthy were Er (115.6%), Dy (114.9%), Yb (114.0%), and Gd (114.0%), highlighting the capability of the system for strategic element monitoring.<h5>0.1 ppb spike recovery results</h5>Performance remained strong at ten-fold lower concentration levels:<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_Trace_Metal_Analysis_in_High_Salt_Matrices_by_ICP_MS_2_d045eb8be8.jpg" alt="Thermo Fisher Scientific: Trace Metal Analysis in High Salt Matrices by ICP-MS" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_Trace_Metal_Analysis_in_High_Salt_Matrices_by_ICP_MS_2_d045eb8be8.jpg 115w," sizes="100vw" width="834" height="1129">These results demonstrate reliable quantification at sub-ppb concentrations, supporting environmental monitoring and trace impurity applications where ultra-low detection capability is essential.<h3>What does this mean for laboratories?</h3>The seawater data confirms that the iCAP MSX ICP-MS can deliver:<ul><li>Accurate recovery of trace metals and rare earth elements</li><li>Reliable measurements at low and sub-ppb concentrations</li><li>Excellent sensitivity across a broad elemental range</li><li>Robust operation in challenging high-salt matrices</li><li>A single workflow applicable for seawater, brackish water, and concentrated brines</li></ul>For laboratories supporting lithium extraction, critical minerals programs, environmental monitoring, or industrial process control, these capabilities translate directly into higher confidence in analytical results and increased operational efficiency.<h3>Conclusion</h3>As industries increasingly rely on accurate elemental analysis of high-salinity samples, laboratories need instrumentation capable of balancing sensitivity, robustness, and productivity. The<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/1487"> iCAP MSX ICP-MS </a>provides a comprehensive solution for both industrial brine applications and environmental seawater monitoring, delivering accurate recoveries, low detection limits, and reliable performance across some of the most challenging matrices encountered in ICP-MS analysis.From lithium extraction to environmental stewardship, the future of trace element analysis depends on technologies that can turn difficult samples into dependable data.<blockquote>Register for our on-demand webinar to learn more about the iCAP MX Series ICP-MS <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6398">New ICP-MS innovations to ignite productivity and efficiency in your laboratory</a></blockquote><ul><li>Visit us on&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/72003132/admin/dashboard/">LinkedIn:</a>&nbsp;#ICPMS #EnvironmentalTesting #REEs #ElementalAnalysis</li></ul>

Trace Metal Analysis in High Salt Matrices by ICP-MS

Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezICPMS Library in the week of 20th July 2026? Check out new documents from the field of spectroscopy/spectrometry and related techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT SPECTROSCOPY/SPECTROMETRY RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezLCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezGCMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring you application notes by Agilent Technologies, Shimadzu and Thermo Fisher Scientific!<h3>1. Agilent Technologies: Analysis of Elemental Impurities in GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Oral Tablets by ICP-MS</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_glp_1_receptor_tablets_7850_icp_ms_5994_9317en_agilent_c355750808.pdf">Full PDF for download</a>&nbsp;</li></ul>Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists represent a rapidly expanding class of therapeutics for the management of type 2 diabetes and chronic weight management. While many approved GLP-1 receptor agonists are administered by subcutaneous injections, oral formulations are generating significant clinical and commercial interest. However, formulating peptide-based therapeutics as oral solid dosage forms introduces additional manufacturing complexity, including the need for permeation enhancers, excipients, and coating materials. Each of these components presents a potential source of elemental impurity contamination. International or national-based regulatory authorities are responsible for ensuring that pharmaceutical products are both effective and safe for use. Control of elemental impurities in drug products is governed by the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) Guideline for Elemental Impurities, Revision 2 (Q3D(R2))1 and United States Pharmacopeia (USP) &lt;232&gt;/&lt;233&gt; (Elemental Impurities — Limits and Procedures)2,3 using ICP-OES- or ICP-MS-based instrumental methods.The USP chapters classify 24 elemental impurities in three classes based on toxicity and probability of occurrence, with permitted daily exposure (PDE) limits defined by route of administration. Analytical method validation follows ICH Q2(R2) (Validation of Analytical Procedures, 2023)4 and the harmonized USP &lt;1225&gt; (Validation of Compendial Procedures)5 , with system suitability criteria defined in USP &lt;233&gt;.3 ICH Q2(R2) provides updated guidance on the validation of analytical procedures that is applicable to biological- and biotechnology-derived products. The revised guideline offers clearer guidance on complex therapeutics, such as peptide-based biotherapeutics, including GLP-1 receptor agonists—an area not specifically addressed in the earlier Q2(R1) framework.&nbsp;In this study, an analytical method was developed and validated in accordance with USP &lt;232&gt;/&lt;233&gt; and ICH Q3D(R2)/Q2(R2). The method enables quantitative determination of all 24 regulated elemental impurities in an oral tablet of a GLP-1 receptor agonist using an <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=7850">Agilent 7850 ICP-MS</a>. The instrument features an integrated fourthgeneration Octopole Reaction System (ORS4) collision cell, which was operated in helium (He) mode to provide robust suppression of matrix-derived polyatomic interferences affecting the analytes. Data were acquired to evaluate drift/ stability, detectability, precision (repeatability and intermediate precision), specificity, accuracy, and linearity. <h4>Results and discussion&nbsp;</h4>Before being used for limit or quantitative procedures, the analytical instrument and method must meet performance criteria defined in ICH Q2(R2) and USP &lt;233&gt;. System suitability—verified by confirming that results remain stable (drift ≤ 20%) throughout the analytical run—must be demonstrated on the day of analysis. Separately, USP &lt;233&gt; requires procedure validation to demonstrate fitness for purpose: detectability, precision, and specificity for Limit Procedures; and accuracy, precision/repeatability, intermediate precision (ruggedness), specificity, limit of quantitation, linearity and range (demonstrated across 0.5–1.5 J) for Quantitative Procedures.<h4>Speciation considerations for As and Hg&nbsp;</h4>For some elements, toxicity is highly dependent on their chemical form. Of the analytes listed in the ICH/USP regulations, As and Hg are of particular concern. The PDE limit for both elements refers to their inorganic forms because inorganic As is the most toxic, and inorganic Hg is considered the most likely form to be present in pharmaceutical materials.&nbsp;If the measured total As concentration exceeds the target concentration, USP &lt;232&gt; suggests that a speciation analysis is performed using LC-ICP-MS to allow independent quantification of inorganic As. If inorganic As is found to be below the limit, the material would be considered compliant even if total As exceeds the limit. The speciation of Hg should be established if the test material is likely to contain the more toxic methyl Hg species (for example, ingredients sourced from marine-derived materials). Otherwise, compliance is established by determining total Hg.&nbsp;In this study, only trace-level Li (0.23 ppb) and Ni (0.07 ppb) were detected in the sample blank. All other elements were below the IDLs. Therefore, speciation analysis on As and Hg was not required. However, the 7850 ICP-MS can be easily integrated with an Agilent LC system for routine speciation analysis if needed.7<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>This study demonstrates the suitability of the Agilent 7850 ICP-MS for the identification and quantification of 24 regulated elemental impurities in a GLP-1 receptor agonist oral tablet formulation, prepared by microwave digestion. The instrument’s ORS4 collision cell was operated in helium mode, providing robust, non-specific attenuation of matrixderived polyatomic interferences. The method successfully met the limit and accuracy requirements specified in USP &lt;232&gt;/&lt;233&gt; and ICH Q3D(R2)/Q2(R2) guidelines, ensuring reliable multi-element quantification of GLP-1 tablets without the need for element-specific method optimization. For pharmaceutical QC laboratories, the Agilent ICP-MS MassHunter instrument control software assisted in developing the workflow, reducing the time and effort required to establish a compliant analytical method. The preset ICH/USP method template, automated J-value calculation, and built-in system suitability reporting eliminated manual configuration steps, making it easier for different analysts to use the instrument. The software also enables method transfer across sites. The demonstrated eight-hour signal stability performance of the 7850 ICP-MS further supports high-throughput batch testing in routine manufacturing QC environments.&nbsp;As ICH Q2(R2) provides improved clarity for validating analytical procedures used with peptide based therapeutics, including GLP 1 receptor agonists, this application note provides a regulation-ready reference method. The workflow can be directly adopted or adapted for oral solid dosage forms containing active peptide ingredients, supporting faster regulatory submissions and reducing analytical development timelines.<h3>2. Shimadzu: State Analysis of Iron Oxides in Sintered Ore for Steel Manufacturing after Hydrogen Reduction</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_01_01029_en_ca7771b317.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul><h5>User Benefits</h5><ul><li>The mineral structure of sintered ore can be investigated by quantitative mapping of Al, Mg, Si, Ca, and Fe.&nbsp;</li><li>EPMA analysis is a useful technique in research on the composition of the calcium ferrite phase due to differences in the reduction reaction depending on the furnace temperature.&nbsp;</li><li>Investigation of the oxidation state of iron is useful in study of the production conditions for sintered ore, such as oxidation and reduction.</li></ul>Foreign matter in CMP* slurrReduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is being promoted with the aim of achieving carbon neutrality in 2050. In the hydrogen reduction ironmaking process, iron ore is reduced with hydrogen (H2) in place of coke (C), forming water (H2O) instead of CO2, thereby reducing CO2 emissions. Targeting a reduction of 10 % or more in CO2 emissions, research on a hydrogen reduction technology using hydrogen in the blast furnace is now underway in the Japanese national project COURSE50, focusing on reduction of the heat requirement and optimization of the reaction conditions of the raw materials, together with circulating use of gas with a regenerated reduction capacity, by promoting hydrogen reduction, which is a smaller endothermic reaction than direct reduction by coke. Development of a Super COURSE50 technology has also begun, and will make it possible to inject a larger amount of hydrogen into the blast furnace. This article introduces a state analysis of the iron oxides in sintered ore, which was carried out by measuring the detailed spectra of micro-regions in sintered iron ore after hydrogen reduction using an EPMA electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA8050G).<h4>Phase Analysis of Sintered Ore after Hydrogen Reduction</h4>To identify differences in the oxidation valence, the element distribution images in Fig. 3 show oxygen (O) and iron (Fe) by the mass percentage concentration (wt%) of the simple elements. Fig. 4 (a) and (c) are Fe-O scatter diagrams showing the positions of the compounds by the theoretical concentration of iron oxide under low temperature and high temperature reduction, respectively. In Fig. 4 (a), the symbols 〇 and ▼ represent hematite (Fe2O3) and magnetite (Fe3O4), respectively, while in Fig. 4 (c), clusters (point-sets) can be seen in regions showing ☒ wustite (FeO) and compounds of iron (Fe). Fig. 4 (b) and (d) are phase diagrams in which filters were set by the Fe-O scatter diagrams (see Related Applications 3). In the phase diagrams, the purple regions are hematite, red regions are magnetite, green regions are wustite, dark blue regions are iron, yellow regions are magnesia ferrite, blue regions are calcium ferrite, and yellowgreen regions are slag. The sintered ore contains hematite and magnetite before reduction, but in the reduction reactions at the different furnace temperatures, the species of iron oxides are different depending on the furnace temperature. From the element distribution images and phase diagrams, it can be understood that metallic iron (Fe) has formed in the sintered ore subjected to hydrogen reduction at the high temperature of 1000 ˚C. The light blue region in Fig. 4 (d) is considered to be slag.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Quantitative mapping analysis and phase analysis of sintered ores after hydrogen reduction can be used not only in identification of iron oxide species and calcium ferrite, but also in structural analysis and research and development of the reduction process by utilizing state analysis from the detailed spectra of micro-regions.&nbsp;<h3>3. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Accurate analysis of major components and trace level impurities in cathode active materials used in lithium ion battery production</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_003968_analysis_impurities_cathode_active_materials_lithium_ion_battery_production_an003968_na_en_97783566af.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) provide a compact and versatile solution for energy storage, powering everything from consumer electronics to electric vehicles (EVs) and large-scale energy systems. Currently, they are the most important power storage materials for EVs due to their power density and life cycle performance. The performance, longevity, and safety of a battery heavily depends on the purity and the composition of the components, especially the cathode material.&nbsp;To meet the required performance criteria (i.e., long battery lifetime and maximum achievable charge capacity), it is important to monitor not only the concentration ratio of the main components (typically nickel, manganese, cobalt, and lithium in nickel manganese cobalt (NMC) batteries), but also trace impurities in both the precursor materials and the finished products. In general, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is the preferred analytical technique for the analysis of metals and related contaminants at low levels (sub μg·L-1). However, the analysis of samples containing higher levels of total dissolved solids (TDS, typically above 0.5% weight/volume (w/v)) is a known challenge in ICP-MS. The complexity of the sample matrix can significantly affect the sensitivity of the instrument, cause intensity fluctuation (suppression and drift), and lead to increased system maintenance with unwanted downtime due to clogging of the interface cone orifices, torch injector, or nebulizer. Diluting high matrix samples with argon gas allows direct placement on the autosampler, eliminating the need for manual, time-consuming, off-line dilution.&nbsp;A further challenge for the analysis of battery materials such as cathodes when using conventional, single quadrupole ICP-MS is the presence of polyatomic interferences generated by the principal components of the samples. For example, in addition to the well-known argon-based interferences, arsenic can be affected by a cobalt-based interference (59Co16O+). Since arsenic is monoisotopic at m/z 75, removal of this interference is crucial for accurate data. Furthermore, nickel oxide-based interferences can impact the determination of selenium using a single quadrupole ICP-MS system.&nbsp;This application note describes an optimized analytical method for the analysis of nickel, manganese, and cobalt (NMC) based cathode materials. To overcome the analytical challenges described above, a triple quadrupole ICP-MS instrument, the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/1488">Thermo Scientific™ iCAP™ MTX ICP-MS</a>, was employed for the analysis. Use of triple quadrupole technology offered superior interference removal, and operation using Argon Gas Dilution (AGD) facilitated direct analysis of the samples derived from the digestion process. Adverse effects caused by the introduction of high matrix containing samples, such as more frequent maintenance, can also be reduced, thanks to the use of AGD. This enables more efficient laboratory workflow.<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>The iCAP MTX ICP-MS enables analysts to perform accurate and reliable elemental analysis in challenging samples such as digested cathode active materials. The proposed analytical method was evaluated for performance, and the results obtained clearly demonstrate the following analytical advantages for battery cathode sample analysis:&nbsp;<ul><li>The use of argon gas dilution (AGD) allows the direct analysis of acid digested samples so that labor-intensive manual sample dilutions can be omitted. At the same time, there is no increased need for system maintenance.&nbsp;</li><li>Using oxygen as a reactive gas in TQ-O₂ mode enabled sensitive, interference-free analysis of all analytes, including challenging ones like sulfur and arsenic.&nbsp;</li><li>Excellent CCV recovery and spike recovery results, as well as stable and consistent internal standards response, were obtained, demonstrating the reliability of the method<acknowledgement>The authors wish to express their heartfelt gratitude to Prof. Taichi Murakami of Tohoku University Graduate School of Environmental Studies (GSES) for his generous cooperation in providing the samples and instructions regarding the data analysis in the preparation of this Application News article.</acknowledgement></li></ul>

News from LabRulezICPMS Library - Week 30, 2026

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Thermo Scientific iCAP PRO XP ICP-OES

Analyze high-matrix trace elemental samples with sensitive multi-element detection and meet your data requirements with the optimal performance of the Thermo Scientific™ iCAP™ PRO XP ICP-OES. 

Analyze high-matrix trace elemental samples with sensitive multi-element detection and meet your data requirements with the optimal performance of the Thermo Scientific™ iCAP™ PRO XP ICP-OES. Rugged on all fronts, this system needs surprisingly little bench space or user maintenance.A bench top simultaneous ICP spectrometer with a vertical torch, a purged echelle polychromator and Charge Injection Device (CID) array detector. It includes:<ul><li>a 4-channel, peristaltic pump to allow for the use of an advance accessories.</li><li>a solid-state, free-running 27.12 MHz RF generator to ensure robust plasma generation for any sample matrix.</li><li>three independent MFCs to precisely control the nebulizer, plasma, and auxiliary gas and to ensure long-term stability.</li><li>the option to add an additional gas to the plasma via an integrated MFC with a flow of 0-0.25 L/min. This enables analysis of high-salt samples (up to 30% TDS) or organics.</li><li>an interlock drain sensor to shut down the system if a leak in the sample path is detected and to prevent samples from being lost.</li><li>an echelle polychromator that is thermostatically controlled to ensure long-term stability and reduce the need for recalibration.</li><li>a cross-dispersing prism combined with an echelle to provide a resolution of 7 pm and minimize interferences.</li><li>a random-access CID imager that provides full wavelength coverage from 167.021 to 852.145 nm.</li><li>an enhanced UV mode to allow better sensitivity and detection limits for elements between 167.021 and 240.063 nm via a second UV focused exposure.</li><li>Thermo Scientific™ <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/1489">Qtegra™ Intelligent Scientific Data Solution™ (ISDS) Software</a>, providing an easy-to-navigate platform that allows the analyst to add wavelengths, create methods, analyze samples and post-process the data while the spectrometer is acquiring data.</li></ul><h4>iCAP PRO Series ICP-OES has ACT label certification</h4>Reduce your lab's environmental impact with the iCAP PRO Series ICP-OES, recipient of the ACT label from My Green Lab. The ACT Environmental Impact Factor Label is the world's premier eco-label for laboratory products. The program ensures Accountability, Consistency, and Transparency in the reporting of environmental impact data to enable sustainable laboratory procurement. It was designed by both scientists and procurement specialists to provide clear, third-party verified information about the sustainability profile of laboratory products. By providing needed transparency around manufacturing, energy and water use, packaging, and end-of-life impacts, ACT makes it easy to choose environmentally preferable products and reduce the carbon impact of laboratory supply chains.<h4>Key specifications</h4>Instrument Type: ICP-OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer) Model: iCAP PRO XP ICP-OES Duo Viewing Configuration: Duo (axial and radial plasma viewing) Spectrometer: Simultaneous echelle Spectral Bandpass: 7 pm at 200 nm Wavelength Range: 167–852 nm RF Source: 27 MHz, adjustable from 750 to 1600 W Detector Type: CID821 Torch Orientation: Vertical Radial Viewing Height: 6–18 mm<h5>Sample Introduction System</h5><ul><li>Peristaltic Pump: 4-channel, adjustable 0–125 rpm</li><li>Standard Sampling Kit Includes:<ul><li>Concentric glass nebulizer</li><li>Glass cyclonic spray chamber</li><li>EMT Duo torch</li><li>2 mm bore quartz center tube</li></ul></li></ul><h5>Gas Flow Control (MFC Tunable)</h5><ul><li>Plasma Gas Flow: 0.0–20.0 L/min</li><li>Nebulizer Gas Flow: 0.0–1.5 L/min</li><li>Auxiliary Gas Flow: 0.0–2.0 L/min</li><li>Purge Gas Flow: 3.4 L/min</li></ul><h5>General Specifications</h5><ul><li>Warm-Up Time: 5 minutes from standby</li><li>Dimensions (D × W × H): 690 × 615 × 933 mm</li><li>Unit Size: Each</li></ul>

Thermo Scientific iCAP PRO XPS ICP-OES (optical emission spectrometer)

Experience high-speed analysis of your trace elemental samples with the Thermo Scientific™ iCAP™ PRO XPS ICP-OES. It meets your specific regulatory requirements with unmatched throughput and versatility.

Experience high-speed analysis of your trace elemental samples with the Thermo Scientific™ iCAP™ PRO XPS ICP-OES. It meets your specific regulatory requirements with unmatched throughput and versatility.A benchtop simultaneous ICP spectrometer with a vertical torch, purged echelle polychromator and Charge Injection Device (CID) array detector.&nbsp;<h5>The standard configuration includes:</h5><ul><li>a 4-channel, peristaltic pump to allow for the use of advanced accessories.</li><li>a solid-state, free-running 27.12 MHz RF generator to ensure robust plasma generation for any sample matrix.</li><li>three independent MFCs to precisely control the nebulizer, plasma, and auxiliary gas and to ensure long-term stability.</li><li>an option to add an additional gas to the plasma via an integrated MFC with a flow of 0-0.25 L/min, to enable the analysis of high-salt samples (up to 30% TDS) or organics.</li><li>an interlock drain sensor to shut down the system if a leak in the sample path is detected and to prevent samples from being lost.</li><li>an echelle polychromator that is thermostatically controlled to ensure long-term stability and reduce the need for recalibration.</li><li>a cross-dispersing prism combined with an echelle to provide a resolution of 7 pm and minimize interferences.</li><li>a random-access CID imager that provides full wavelength coverage from 167.021 to 852.145 nm.</li><li>an enhanced UV mode to allow better sensitivity and detection limits for elements between 167.021 and 240.063 nm via a second UV focused exposure.</li><li>Thermo Scientific™ <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/1489">Qtegra™ Intelligent Scientific Data Solution™ (ISDS) Software</a>, which provides an easy-to-navigate platform that allows the analyst to add wavelengths, create methods, analyze samples and post-process the data while the spectrometer is acquiring data.</li></ul><h4>iCAP PRO Series ICP-OES has ACT label certification</h4>Reduce your lab's environmental impact with the iCAP PRO Series ICP-OES, recipient of the ACT label from My Green Lab. The ACT Environmental Impact Factor Label is the world's premier eco-label for laboratory products. The program ensures Accountability, Consistency, and Transparency in the reporting of environmental impact data to enable sustainable laboratory procurement. It was designed by both scientists and procurement specialists to provide clear, third-party verified information about the sustainability profile of laboratory products. By providing needed transparency around manufacturing, energy and water use, packaging, and end-of-life impacts, ACT makes it easy to choose environmentally preferable products and reduce the carbon impact of laboratory supply chains.<h4>Key specifications</h4>Type: Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES) Model: iCAP PRO XPS Viewing Configuration: Duo view (axial and radial plasma observation) Spectrometer: Simultaneous echelle with 7 pm spectral bandpass at 200 nm Wavelength Range: 167–852 nm RF Source: 27 MHz, adjustable power range from 750 to 1600 W Detector Type: CID821<h5>Sample Introduction &amp; Gas Control</h5><ul><li>Standard Sampling Kit Includes:<ul><li>Concentric glass nebulizer</li><li>Glass cyclonic spray chamber</li><li>EMT Duo torch</li><li>2 mm bore quartz center tube</li></ul></li><li>Peristaltic Pump: 4-channel, 0–125 rpm</li><li>Torch Orientation: Vertical</li><li>Plasma Gas Flow: MFC tunable, 0.0–20.0 L/min</li><li>Nebulizer Gas Flow: MFC tunable, 0.0–1.5 L/min</li><li>Auxiliary Gas Flow: MFC tunable, 0.0–2.0 L/min</li><li>Purge Gas Flow: 3.4 L/min</li></ul><h5>Physical &amp; Operational Details</h5><ul><li>Dimensions (D × W × H): 690 × 615 × 933 mm</li><li>Warm-Up Time: 5 minutes from standby</li><li>Unit Size: Each</li></ul>

Thermo Scientific™ iCAP™ TQ ICP-MS

Future-proof your laboratory with the power of Triple Quadrupole ICP-MS. Exceptional interference removal for research level analysis combined with routine ease of use.

<h4>Ultralow limits of detection - even for the most challenging analytical applications - and surprisingly easy to use</h4>Harness the power of Triple Quadrupole (TQ) ICP-MS for uncomplicated analysis with incredible accuracy. Expand your applications and enhance your laboratory efficiency with this breakthrough technology, which is so easy to use that it can be operated by any analyst.<ul><li>Reaction Finder enables you to tackle challenging matrices without complex, time-consuming method development.</li><li>Common Thermo Scientific™ Qtegra™ ISDS Software platform allows analysts to switch easily between ICP techniques without the need for specialist training.</li><li>Minimal installation and bench space requirements ensure any laboratory will benefit from this technology.</li></ul>The Thermo Scientific™ iCAP™ TQ ICP-MS is the solution to future-proofing your laboratory: explore developing markets, push the boundaries of your research and meet the requirements of evolving legislation.<ul><li>‘Right first time’ analysis with powerful interference removal, even in the toughest matrices.</li><li>Reduced re-runs in the daily workload with assured accuracy and repeatability.</li><li>Maintains the flexibility of single quadrupole (SQ) mode for less challenging analyses.</li></ul><h3>Inside TQ Technology</h3><h4>Highly effective interference removal for accurate and reliable results</h4><ul><li>Utilizes up to four different collision and reaction gases and the unique Reaction Finder simplifies method development. There is no requirement for advance knowledge of complex reaction chemistry: Reaction Finder does it all for you!</li><li>Integrated reaction gas handling features ensure safe and reliable instrument operation.</li><li>If SQ analysis is required, simply use the preset Single Mode Kinetic Energy Discrimination (KED) mode for rapid and reliable results.</li><li>For ultimate flexibility, the iCAP TQ ICP-MS enables you to easily switch from SQ to TQ mode in a single sample analysis, providing the best results for your complete suite of elements.</li></ul>Let Reaction Finder select the right mode for your analysis:<ul><li>SQ mode: comparable to SQ-ICP-MS instruments, Q1 transmits all masses</li><li>TQ on mass mode: Q1 and Q3 set to the same mass</li><li>TQ mass shift mode: Q1 and Q3 set to different masses</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Scientific_i_CAP_TQ_ICP_MS_3_cea2b3cb58.jpg" alt="Thermo Scientific™ iCAP™ TQ ICP-MS" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Scientific_i_CAP_TQ_ICP_MS_3_cea2b3cb58.jpg 176w," sizes="100vw" width="1739" height="1536"><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Scientific_i_CAP_TQ_ICP_MS_4_29db95b766.jpg" alt="Thermo Scientific™ iCAP™ TQ ICP-MS" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Scientific_i_CAP_TQ_ICP_MS_4_29db95b766.jpg 206w," sizes="100vw" width="1352" height="1024"><h3>Ultimate Ease of Use</h3><h4>Qtegra Intelligent Scientific Data Solution Software</h4>Intuitive software enables plasma ignition to data reporting in just five clicks, enhancing your productivity for rapid results.Reaction Finder Streamline your workflow with Reaction Finder.&nbsp; Use this intuitive feature to achieve optimal interference removal for your target analytes via intelligent measurement mode selection.<ul><li>Removes the complexity from TQ technology.</li><li>Automatically selects the isotope, reaction gas and product ion.</li><li>Dramatically decreases method development time.</li><li>Enables accessibility to all users.</li><li>Provides the confidence of accurate data.</li></ul>Enhance your productivity through automated sample handling, managed within the simple interface of Qtegra ISDS Software. Routinely tackle advanced applications with hyphenated techniques to expand your application capabilities.Autodilution Fully integrated control of autodilution peripherals in Qtegra ISDS Software, delivering error-free prescriptive and intelligent dilution options.Speciation The Qtegra ISDS Software ChromControl Plug-in provides control of chromatography systems for automated sample analysis in a single software. In addition, dedicated chromatographic data processing and compound quantification features deliver simple and reliable speciation analysis.Nanoparticles Enhance your laboratory with dedicated data analysis for nanoparticle size and concentration characterization using the advanced feature set provided in the Thermo Scientific npQuant Plug-in.Laser Ablation trQuant data evaluation simplifies quantification and data export when coupled with dedicated and highly flexible laser control plug-ins.<h3>Environmental and Human Health</h3><h4>Meet the most demanding challenges in protecting our future</h4>Clinical Accuracy Advance your clinical research with total confidence provided by superior interference removal. Use Reaction Finder to determine the appropriate measurement mode for your specific application to easily obtain accurate results. Perform robust and rapid analyses, even with small volume or complex samples, such as blood and urine.Pharmaceutical Compliance Comply with confidence: iCAP TQ ICP-MS technology meets global regulatory standards including FDA, U.S. Pharmacopeia &lt;232&gt; and &lt;233&gt;, and ICH Q3D. Full system qualification, powerful reporting and integral regulatory compliance tools in the Qtegra ISDS Software enable simplified method validation, total data security and audit assurance.Geoscience Optimize geochemical exploration and mining profitability with accurate mineral analysis. Discover more about your sample with easy coupling to a range of lasers for spatial analysis of precious minerals and zircons.Environmental Health The iCAP TQ ICP-MS is a powerful solution for routinely and accurately quantifying trace analytes in the most challenging environmental matrices. Optimize your productivity with a combination of SQ and superior TQ interference removal modes. In addition, seamless speciation is achievable in any laboratory for accurate risk assessment in environmental analysis.Food Safety Remove uncertainty from food safety analysis and be prepared for future legislation with speciation and nanoparticle characterization capabilities. Even the most challenging matrices are no obstacle for the iCAP TQ ICP-MS, ensuring reliable elemental analysis to support production of safe, high quality food and beverage products.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Scientific_i_CAP_TQ_ICP_MS_2_ba6da840f1.jpg" alt="Thermo Scientific™ iCAP™ TQ ICP-MS" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Scientific_i_CAP_TQ_ICP_MS_2_ba6da840f1.jpg 191w," sizes="100vw" width="650" height="532">

Thermo Scientific™ iCAP™ RQ ICP-MS

Compact, robust SQ-ICP-MS for high-throughput labs. Offers excellent interference removal, low detection limits, and intuitive automation across diverse sample matrices.

Robust single-quadrupole ICP-MS for high-throughput laboratoriesThe iCAP RQ ICP-MS is a compact, high-performance inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer that combines robustness, ease of use, and exceptional analytical capabilities for routine laboratories. With intuitive workflows, minimized maintenance, and advanced interference removal technology, it delivers confident multi-element analysis across a wide range of challenging matrices.<h3>Key Features and Benefits</h3><h4>⚙️ Robust Hardware Design</h4><ul><li>Tolerates high-matrix samples (e.g., seawater, organic solvents)</li><li>Reliable plasma performance even with 100% acetonitrile</li><li>Advanced thermal management for long-term mass stability</li><li>Solid-state RF generator and durable electronics</li></ul><h4>🚀 High Productivity</h4><ul><li>‘Get Ready’ one-click setup automates startup</li><li>Cone replacement in as little as 60 seconds</li><li>Quick-connect sample introduction components</li><li>Supports 24/7 operation with minimal downtime</li></ul><h4>🎯 Exceptional Analytical Accuracy</h4><ul><li>Single quadrupole with He KED and QCell LMCO for interference removal</li><li>Detects elements like Li and Be at sub-ppt levels</li><li>Flexible interfaces for robust, matrix-tolerant, or high-sensitivity needs</li><li>High ion transmission with low background</li></ul><h4>🧠 Smart Software – Qtegra ISDS</h4><ul><li>Streamlined method development with visual interface</li><li>Compliance-ready with 21 CFR Part 11 features</li><li>Integrated QA/QC protocols reduce re-runs</li><li>Autosampler and valve compatibility, LIMS support, custom reporting</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Pragolab_Thermo_Scientific_ICP_MS_i_CAP_RQ_Hmotnostni_spektrometr_s_indukcne_vazanym_plazmatem_4f1c97ac70.jpg" alt="Thermo Scientific™ iCAP™ RQ ICP-MS" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Pragolab_Thermo_Scientific_ICP_MS_i_CAP_RQ_Hmotnostni_spektrometr_s_indukcne_vazanym_plazmatem_4f1c97ac70.jpg 160w," sizes="100vw" width="782" height="764"><h3>Advanced Workflow Capabilities</h3><ul><li>Argon Gas Dilution (AGD): Direct high-matrix sample analysis</li><li>Autodilution: Intelligent calibration and automated sample prep</li><li>Speciation: Full IC, LC, and GC integration via ChromControl plug-in</li><li>Laser ablation: Supports depth/spatial solid sample profiling</li><li>Single particle analysis: Accurate spICP-MS using npQuant module</li></ul><h3>Application Areas</h3><ul><li>Environmental: Drinking water, wastewater, soils (e.g., EPA 200.8)</li><li>Pharmaceutical: Elemental impurities (ICH Q3D, USP 232/233)</li><li>Food safety: Simultaneous toxic/essential element screening</li><li>Clinical research: Trace-level element detection in complex matrices</li><li>Geosciences: Rock digests, lithium borate fusions</li><li>Industry &amp; materials: Alloys, advanced materials, nuclear isotopic ratios</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Pragolab_Thermo_Scientific_ICP_MS_i_CAP_RQ_Hmotnostni_spektrometr_s_indukcne_vazanym_plazmatem_2_4c27c3a2d0.jpg" alt="Thermo Scientific™ iCAP™ RQ ICP-MS" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Pragolab_Thermo_Scientific_ICP_MS_i_CAP_RQ_Hmotnostni_spektrometr_s_indukcne_vazanym_plazmatem_2_4c27c3a2d0.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="2291" height="1391">

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