In this leaflet we discuss whether or not you should correct for an observed significant bias and the impact this may have on the measurement uncertainty (MU). How to apply the correction and how to increase the uncertainty to take account of an uncorrected bias is outside the scope of this leaflet.&nbsp;Important issues for deciding on how to treat an observed significant bias are:&nbsp;<ul><li>whether we understand the cause of the bias, and&nbsp;</li><li>whether its size can be reliably determined.&nbsp;</li></ul>Further we must decide:&nbsp;<ul><li>whether the bias is consistent for all test samples within the scope of the method and&nbsp;</li><li>whether any correction for bias should be multiplicative or additive, depending on whether the magnitude of the bias is constant or changes with the concentration level.</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Eurachem_Treatment_of_an_observed_bias_2_d221a32b8b.jpg" alt="Eurachem: Treatment of an observed bias" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Eurachem_Treatment_of_an_observed_bias_2_d221a32b8b.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1528" height="448"><h4>Should we correct, and should we increase the measurement uncertainty?&nbsp;</h4>The ISO Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement, GUM [1], assumes that “the result of a measurement has been corrected for all recognised significant systematic effects” (GUM 3.2.4). This implies that when developing a measurement method all known sources of bias should be investigated and if possible, eliminated or their effect minimised. If this cannot be achieved, then, if appropriate, a correction should be applied and the measurement uncertainty revised.&nbsp;Let’s assume we have available a standardised method or a fully developed in-house method, with a clear description of the measurand, where any known bias has been minimised during method development (e.g. the effect of interferences has been minimised or a correction is included in the method). The next step, as a part of the validation, is to reliably determine any additional bias for the concentration interval and different matrices specified within the scope of the method. On the next page we present a roadmap outlining how to handle any additional significant bias.&nbsp;Note that the observed bias in a laboratory could be due to laboratory as well as method bias. For empirical methods where the measurand is operationally defined by the method, the method bias is by definition zero, however, the laboratory bias still needs to be considered.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Eurachem_Treatment_of_an_observed_bias_3_5d99940abd.jpg" alt="Eurachem: Treatment of an observed bias" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Eurachem_Treatment_of_an_observed_bias_3_5d99940abd.jpg 62w," sizes="100vw" width="426" height="1060"><ol><li>There is no point in trying to eliminate or correct a small bias, since both elimination and correction need resources.&nbsp;</li><li>If bias is not negligible then the best approach, if possible, is to try to eliminate it by modifying the method.&nbsp;</li><li>If bias is not negligible, but eliminating it is either impossible or impractical, then we can consider correcting for bias. There are three possibilities:&nbsp;<ul><li>Correction may be required (e. g. by regulations).&nbsp;</li><li>Correction may be forbidden, in which case no correction should be made.&nbsp;</li><li>Correction may be allowed. Then we should look at two more criteria to determine whether correction is justified.&nbsp;</li></ul></li><li>If bias can be reliably determined and a correction method can be applied that is relevant for all test samples within the scope of the method we may decide to correct for bias. However, if the cause of bias is not known then correcting for bias cannot be generally recommended. If bias cannot be reliably determined then we should not correct for it. If we correct the result on the basis of an unreliable bias estimate then we may even increase the uncertainty of the results.&nbsp;</li><li>Correcting for bias is meaningful only if a useful reduction of measurement uncertainty (MU) is achieved. Correcting for the bias is only meaningful if the MU of the correction is smaller than the component of the MU arising from not applying the correction.&nbsp;</li></ol>If a significant bias is not corrected, it is difficult to give clear guidance on what action to take. For the case of recovery correction, IUPAC [2] lists some possibilities if no correction is applied:&nbsp;<ol><li>No action;&nbsp;</li><li>Report recovery separately, including the uncertainty of both the result and the recovery&nbsp;</li><li>Take the bias into account in the uncertainty estimate of the results</li></ol>These principles can be applied to other forms of bias. Further options have also been reviewed in the literature: See, for example, reference [3]

Treatment of an observed bias

Scientists from the CTLAB at CEITEC Brno University of Technology used a new industrial CT scanner to examine the Bastion ballistic helmet manufactured by the U.S.-based company Ballistic Armor Co. Without making a single cut, the scanner revealed the helmet's internal structure, including its individual protective layers, and confirmed the absence of manufacturing defects. The results demonstrate the technology's potential for quality control and the development of protective equipment for the defense industry.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/CEITEC_Profesionalni_ochranne_vybaveni_pod_rentgenem_Vyzkumnici_z_CEITEC_overili_kvalitu_balisticke_prilby_bez_jedineho_rezu_4be342238c.jpeg" alt="CEITEC BUT/CEITEC BUT with the permission of Ballistic Armor Co.: Professional Protective Gear Under X-Rays: CEITEC Researchers Verify the Quality of a Ballistic Helmet Without Making a Single Cut: Bastion Helmet by Ballistic Amor Co. scanned at CTLAB CEITEC." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_CEITEC_Profesionalni_ochranne_vybaveni_pod_rentgenem_Vyzkumnici_z_CEITEC_overili_kvalitu_balisticke_prilby_bez_jedineho_rezu_4be342238c.jpeg 235w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="1067">Computed tomography (CT) is an imaging technique widely used in medicine. Using X-rays, CT scanners produce detailed 2D cross-sectional images or 3D models of internal organs, allowing physicians to examine the inside of the human body without surgery and identify structural changes in tissues. Industrial CT scanners at <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://ctlab.ceitec.cz/">CTLAB CEITEC</a> operate on the same principle but use significantly higher X-ray energies than medical systems. This enables researchers to inspect larger and more complex objects with exceptional precision while keeping them completely intact through non-destructive testing.The laboratory's newest scanner, the Waygate Technologies phoenix v|tome|x L450, installed only at the end of last year, is unique in the research environment. Its size and power allow it to penetrate, for example, steel objects up to 7 centimeters (2.8 inches) thick while maintaining a resolution of only a few tens of micrometers.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/CEITEC_Profesionalni_ochranne_vybaveni_pod_rentgenem_Vyzkumnici_z_CEITEC_overili_kvalitu_balisticke_prilby_bez_jedineho_rezu_4_bf54aa6ef1.jpeg" alt="CEITEC BUT/CEITEC BUT with the permission of Ballistic Armor Co.: Professional Protective Gear Under X-Rays: CEITEC Researchers Verify the Quality of a Ballistic Helmet Without Making a Single Cut: Anna Smith from Ballistic Armor Co. and Michaela Škaroupková from CTLAB CEITEC." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_CEITEC_Profesionalni_ochranne_vybaveni_pod_rentgenem_Vyzkumnici_z_CEITEC_overili_kvalitu_balisticke_prilby_bez_jedineho_rezu_4_bf54aa6ef1.jpeg 235w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="1067">"Based on its technical capabilities, we knew this system could analyze highly complex composite materials. That's why we challenged it with the Bastion ballistic helmet from Ballistic Armor Co.," explains Tomáš Zikmund from the X-ray Computed Micro- and Nano-Tomography Laboratory at CEITEC Brno University of Technology (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://ctlab.ceitec.cz/">CTLAB CEITEC</a>). The helmet is designed to provide protection against handgun ammunition.The helmet is manufactured from Aramid fibers, better known by the trade name Kevlar. Aramid is widely used in ballistic protection and aerospace applications because of its exceptional strength, durability, and low weight. Combined with the helmet's other materials, it forms a highly complex internal structure that only the most advanced CT systems can visualize.<h3>CT Helps Ensure Quality Without Damaging the Product</h3>As part of the study, the Bastion helmet was exposed to X-rays for several hours. The result was a highly detailed 3D model of its internal structure, clearly revealing the individual ballistic layers as well as the soft padding materials—all without cutting the helmet apart. The analysis also detected no manufacturing defects."Results from non-destructive CT inspections like this improve our understanding of how protective equipment is built and help manufacturers maintain the highest standards of quality and safety," says Anna Smith, Director of Business Development at <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://ballisticarmorco.com/">Ballistic Armor Co</a>.Non-destructive CT analysis, however, is not a substitute for standard ballistic testing, which remains essential for verifying that protective equipment meets the required ballistic resistance specified by applicable standards. Instead, the technology serves as an effective tool for routine manufacturing quality control, verification of production consistency, and regular audits of products whose ballistic performance has already been validated.According to Tomáš Zikmund, the successful test marks another important milestone in demonstrating the capabilities of the laboratory's new CT system for defense applications. Earlier this spring, the research team showcased the scanner by examining an airsoft rifle, non-destructively verifying the correct placement of mechanical components and wiring while also inspecting the materials for pores and microcracks.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/CEITEC_Profesionalni_ochranne_vybaveni_pod_rentgenem_Vyzkumnici_z_CEITEC_overili_kvalitu_balisticke_prilby_bez_jedineho_rezu_3_9a68c9c71c.jpeg" alt="CEITEC BUT/CEITEC BUT with the permission of Ballistic Armor Co.: Professional Protective Gear Under X-Rays: CEITEC Researchers Verify the Quality of a Ballistic Helmet Without Making a Single Cut: Bastion Helmet by Ballistic Amor Co. scanned at CTLAB CEITEC." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_CEITEC_Profesionalni_ochranne_vybaveni_pod_rentgenem_Vyzkumnici_z_CEITEC_overili_kvalitu_balisticke_prilby_bez_jedineho_rezu_3_9a68c9c71c.jpeg 235w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="1067">These studies demonstrate that industrial CT has an important role to play in the defense sector. In many cases, it can complement destructive quality-control methods used during manufacturing by enabling detailed inspections without disassembling or damaging the product. Modern CT technology provides deep, highly precise, and completely non-destructive inspection. It does not, however, replace conventional ballistic testing, which remains the only method capable of verifying the required level of ballistic protection."Our goal is to strengthen collaboration between science, technology development, and the defense industry," Zikmund concludes. "We believe our technology can help manufacturers not only improve production quality but also gain valuable insights into the behavior of materials and the design principles behind modern protective equipment."<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/CEITEC_Profesionalni_ochranne_vybaveni_pod_rentgenem_Vyzkumnici_z_CEITEC_overili_kvalitu_balisticke_prilby_bez_jedineho_rezu_2_1559697260.jpeg" alt="CEITEC BUT/CEITEC BUT with the permission of Ballistic Armor Co.: Professional Protective Gear Under X-Rays: CEITEC Researchers Verify the Quality of a Ballistic Helmet Without Making a Single Cut: Bastion Helmet by Ballistic Amor Co. scanned at CTLAB CEITEC." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_CEITEC_Profesionalni_ochranne_vybaveni_pod_rentgenem_Vyzkumnici_z_CEITEC_overili_kvalitu_balisticke_prilby_bez_jedineho_rezu_2_1559697260.jpeg 104w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="2400"><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/CEITEC_Profesionalni_ochranne_vybaveni_pod_rentgenem_Vyzkumnici_z_CEITEC_overili_kvalitu_balisticke_prilby_bez_jedineho_rezu_5_8dab8c31ab.jpeg" alt="CEITEC BUT/CEITEC BUT with the permission of Ballistic Armor Co.: Professional Protective Gear Under X-Rays: CEITEC Researchers Verify the Quality of a Ballistic Helmet Without Making a Single Cut: CEITEC BUT/CEITEC BUT with the permission of Ballistic Armor Co.: Professional Protective Gear Under X-Rays: CEITEC Researchers Verify the Quality of a Ballistic Helmet Without Making a Single Cut: Anna Smith from Ballistic Armor Co. and Michaela Škaroupková from CTLAB CEITEC." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_CEITEC_Profesionalni_ochranne_vybaveni_pod_rentgenem_Vyzkumnici_z_CEITEC_overili_kvalitu_balisticke_prilby_bez_jedineho_rezu_5_8dab8c31ab.jpeg 103w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="2420">

Professional Protective Gear Under X-Rays: CEITEC Researchers Verify the Quality of a Ballistic Helmet Without Making a Single Cut 

Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezICPMS Library in the week of 3rd August 2026? Check out new documents from the field of spectroscopy/spectrometry and related techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT SPECTROSCOPY/SPECTROMETRY RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezLCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezGCMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring you application notes by Agilent Technologies and Shimadzu and other document by Thermo Fisher Scientific!<h3>1. Agilent Technologies: Determination of Toxic Elements in Durian and Jackfruit Using an Agilent Automated ICP-MS System According to China GB 5009.268</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_icpms_durian_5994_9351en_agilent_fcafe537c7.pdf">Full PDF for download</a>&nbsp;</li></ul>Fruit is an essential part of daily human nutrition, providing vital vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber.3 The Chinese market, with over 1.4 billion people, has become one of the largest fruit markets in the world. It is expected that China's total fruit consumption will reach about 312 million tons by 2025.4 Additionally, fruit imports are projected to exceed 9 million tons annually, underscoring the country's strong domestic demand and reliance on imported supplies.&nbsp;Within this context, China has become a major export destination for Asian countries, including Vietnam, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Philippines, Indonesia, and others. Thanks to favorable climate conditions and a wide variety of tropical fruit cultivars, these countries have strategically increased their fruit exports to satisfy Chinese market demand. Specifically, products such as durian and jackfruit have gained significant popularity, playing an increasingly vital role in regional agricultural trade.&nbsp;However, the biggest challenge for those countries when entering the Chinese market is strict food safety regulations, especially limits on trace elements and heavy metals such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and arsenic (As). The General Administration of Customs of the People's Republic of China (GACC) sets very low Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs, Table 1). Additionally, the large, continuous volume of fruit exports makes time a critical factor, as any delay can affect product quality and reduce its economic value. This situation places significant pressure on testing laboratories, requiring the development of stable, rapid, and accurate methods to ensure continuous and reliable operations.&nbsp;To address these challenges, the Agilent ICP Workflow Automation System offers a practical solution. The ICP‑MS 7900 provides high-throughput, highly sensitive, and precise measurements of trace elements and heavy metals, including Pb, Cd, Hg, and As. The combination of ADS2 and AVS helps reduce sample turnaround time and cost per analysis. The Advanced Dilution System (ADS2) automatically performs important tasks such as preparing a multipoint calibration from a single stock standard up to 400 times, diluting samples above the calibration range, or, if there is an internal standard recovery issue, eliminating the need for manual dilution. The Advanced Valve System (AVS) automatically rinses the sample introduction system while the next sample is being analyzed, virtually eliminating the delays typical of conventional analysis. Using controlled argon bubble injection between the sample and rinse solution prevents mixing, reducing uptake and rinse times. This study describes the use of the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=7900">Agilent 7900 ICP-MS</a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=SPS+4">Agilent SPS 4 autosampler</a>, AVS, and ADS2 auto-dilution for the analysis of four toxic elements in durian and jackfruit samples using the China GB 5009.268 method.1<h4>Results and discussion&nbsp;</h4><h5>Automatic calibration standards and Instrument stability&nbsp;</h5>A 7-point calibration curve automatically prepared using the ADS 2 demonstrated excellent linearity over the concentration range of 0.05–10 µg/L. Using a 1/x weighted regression without forcing the calibration through the origin, all analytes achieved coefficients of determination (R²) ≥ 0.995 (Figure 3), with back-calculated concentrations within 90–110% of their theoretical values, confirming the suitability of the calibration range for routine quantification. The integrated automation workflow significantly improved laboratory productivity by completing calibration preparation and analysis in approximately 1.5 minutes per sample. By minimizing manual operations and operator intervention, the ADS 2 reduced the risk of contamination and human error while enabling higher sample throughput for routine food safety testing.&nbsp;To evaluate instrument stability during continuous operation, the variation in internal standard recoveries was monitored throughout an analytical sequence of more than 70&nbsp;consecutive samples. The recoveries of the three internal standards across different measurement modes remained consistently within the ±20% acceptance limit throughout the analytical sequence (Figure 4). Blank samples interspersed between concentration intervals showed no evidence of carryover, demonstrating effective system cleanliness and analytical robustness. These results confirm the excellent long-term stability and robust matrix tolerance of the Agilent 7900 ICP-MS, providing reliable performance for high-throughput routine food safety testing.<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>The Agilent 7900 ICP-MS, integrated with the SPS 4 autosampler, ADS 2, and AVS, delivers a fully automated, high-throughput workflow for routine trace-level multi-element analysis. By eliminating manual standard preparation and minimizing operator intervention, the solution reduces labor costs, improves data consistency, and empowers laboratories to maximize productivity and analytical capacity to meet increasing testing demands.&nbsp;Excellent sensitivity, long-term stability, and robust interference removal, together with satisfactory recoveries, repeatability, and reproducibility for As, Cd, Pb, and Hg at an LOQ of 5 µg/kg, demonstrate reliable analytical performance. Compliance with Chinese regulatory requirements further position the Agilent automation solution as a cost-effective platform for high-volume food safety testing and export quality assurance, enabling laboratories to confidently support the growing demand for exports to the Chinese&nbsp;market.<h3>2. Shimadzu: TOC Evaluation of Surfactants</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_01_01160_en_539fba0ba2.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul><h5>User benefits</h5><ul><li>TOC can be evaluated accurately using the TC-IC method, even for foaming surfactants.&nbsp;</li><li>The ASI-L autosampler enables automatic, continuous measurement of multiple samples, improving analytical efficiency.</li></ul>Surfactants are important chemicals widely used in detergents and dispersants for pharmaceutical equipment cleaning processes, chemical manufacturing processes, and environmental water management. If surfactant residues remain after such processes, they can not only affect manufacturing processes and final product quality, but also increase the organic load in wastewater and environmental water. Therefore, quality control is also needed for organic matter derived from surfactants.&nbsp;Total organic carbon (TOC) analysis is effective for evaluating the quality of surfactants. In general, the NPOC (non-purgeable organic carbon) method is often selected for TOC measurement in terms of sample volume and analysis time requirements. On the other hand, because surfactants have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups in their structure, they tend to foam even at low concentrations. When such samples are measured by the NPOC method, which involves acid addition and sparging, foaming can cause the sample to overflow from the syringe vessel inside the instrument into the waste line. That can result in measurement valuesthat are lower than the true value.&nbsp;This article compares TOC measurement results for surfactants obtained by the NPOC method and the TC-IC method using the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=TOC-L">Shimadzu TOC-L total organic carbon analyzer</a>, which uses the combustion oxidation method.<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>Table 5 summarizes the results obtained by measuring sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate solutions, used here as representative surfactant samples, by the NPOC method and the TC-IC method. With the NPOC method, the TOC recovery rates were below 50 % for all samples, whereas the TC-IC method produced satisfactory TOC recovery rates close to 100 % for all samples.Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate solutions (carbon concentration: 0.5 mg/L) is also used in Japanese Pharmacopoeia (JP) recovery tests. For surfactants that readily foam, such as in this example, NPOC measurements involving acid addition and sparging may affect measurement accuracy due to sample loss. For such samples, accurate TOC values can be obtained by using the TC-IC method. In addition, by using the ASI-L autosampler, multiple samples can be measured automatically and continuously.<h3>3. Thermo Fisher Scientific: How rhodium plating can affect gold XRF results</h3><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products?category=315&amp;manufacturerItems=3&amp;search=niton">Thermo Scientific™ Niton™ XRF Analyzers</a> can help precious metals professionals detect rhodium (Rh) plating and interpret gold (Au) results with confidence.<ul><li>Other document (smart note)</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/rhodium_plating_can_affect_gold_xrf_results_sn1862_en_331edc099a.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul><h4>Benefits of XRF in jewelry analysis&nbsp;</h4>Niton XRF analyzers provide capabilities that can enhance a jeweler’s operations in several ways:&nbsp;<ul><li>Identify Rh-plated gold items during routine testing&nbsp;</li><li>Reduce confusion around unexpected Au readings&nbsp;</li><li>Support more confident buying, selling, refining, and verification decisions&nbsp;</li><li>Help explain results to customers, suppliers, and trading partners&nbsp;</li></ul><h4>Reduce risk in precious metals trading&nbsp;</h4>In precious metals trading, small differences in reported gold concentration can affect pricing, settlement, customer trust, and supplier relationships. Recognizing Rh plating helps users avoid unnecessary disputes, retesting, or destructive testing when the surface finish is influencing the measurement.&nbsp;<h4>Best practices&nbsp;</h4>One should always check the result for Rh when Au appears lower than expected.&nbsp;<ul><li>Test multiple locations, especially where plating may vary&nbsp;</li><li>Look for worn or unplated areas when appropriate&nbsp;</li><li>Interpret Au results in the context of surface finish and item history&nbsp;</li><li>If appropriate, remove the rhodium plating prior to XRF analysis to evaluate the underlying alloy&nbsp;</li></ul><h4>The bottom line&nbsp;</h4>Rhodium plating can make a properly karated gold item appear to return a lower Au result when it is evaluated by XRF. <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products?category=315&amp;manufacturerItems=3&amp;search=niton">Niton XRF analyzers</a> can detect Rh at the surface, helping precious metals professionals recognize plating, interpret results correctly, and make more confident decisions.

News from LabRulezICPMS Library - Week 32, 2026

Article

Application

Academy

Video

Science and research

Since its establishment in 2011, CEITEC has quickly developed into a cutting-edge infrastructure for research which performs highly alongside the best institutes in Europe. Among the main priorities of CEITEC are the promotion of a motivating and dynamic international scientific environment, the provision of state-of-the-art research infrastructure, and the policy of open communication and equal opportunities.

CEITEC

Eurachem is a European network promoting international traceability of chemical measurements and good analytical practice. It provides expert guidance, supports method validation, uncertainty evaluation, proficiency testing, and facilitates discussion on technical and policy issues in analytical quality.

Eurachem

Everything from the world of analytical chemistry in one place. We connect people in solving their problems. At Labrulez you will find all the necessary information easily, quickly and clearly. Stop searching and start finding.

LabRulez

Thermo Scientific™ iCAP™ RQ ICP-MS

Compact, robust SQ-ICP-MS for high-throughput labs. Offers excellent interference removal, low detection limits, and intuitive automation across diverse sample matrices.

Robust single-quadrupole ICP-MS for high-throughput laboratoriesThe iCAP RQ ICP-MS is a compact, high-performance inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer that combines robustness, ease of use, and exceptional analytical capabilities for routine laboratories. With intuitive workflows, minimized maintenance, and advanced interference removal technology, it delivers confident multi-element analysis across a wide range of challenging matrices.<h3>Key Features and Benefits</h3><h4>⚙️ Robust Hardware Design</h4><ul><li>Tolerates high-matrix samples (e.g., seawater, organic solvents)</li><li>Reliable plasma performance even with 100% acetonitrile</li><li>Advanced thermal management for long-term mass stability</li><li>Solid-state RF generator and durable electronics</li></ul><h4>🚀 High Productivity</h4><ul><li>‘Get Ready’ one-click setup automates startup</li><li>Cone replacement in as little as 60 seconds</li><li>Quick-connect sample introduction components</li><li>Supports 24/7 operation with minimal downtime</li></ul><h4>🎯 Exceptional Analytical Accuracy</h4><ul><li>Single quadrupole with He KED and QCell LMCO for interference removal</li><li>Detects elements like Li and Be at sub-ppt levels</li><li>Flexible interfaces for robust, matrix-tolerant, or high-sensitivity needs</li><li>High ion transmission with low background</li></ul><h4>🧠 Smart Software – Qtegra ISDS</h4><ul><li>Streamlined method development with visual interface</li><li>Compliance-ready with 21 CFR Part 11 features</li><li>Integrated QA/QC protocols reduce re-runs</li><li>Autosampler and valve compatibility, LIMS support, custom reporting</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Pragolab_Thermo_Scientific_ICP_MS_i_CAP_RQ_Hmotnostni_spektrometr_s_indukcne_vazanym_plazmatem_4f1c97ac70.jpg" alt="Thermo Scientific™ iCAP™ RQ ICP-MS" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Pragolab_Thermo_Scientific_ICP_MS_i_CAP_RQ_Hmotnostni_spektrometr_s_indukcne_vazanym_plazmatem_4f1c97ac70.jpg 160w," sizes="100vw" width="782" height="764"><h3>Advanced Workflow Capabilities</h3><ul><li>Argon Gas Dilution (AGD): Direct high-matrix sample analysis</li><li>Autodilution: Intelligent calibration and automated sample prep</li><li>Speciation: Full IC, LC, and GC integration via ChromControl plug-in</li><li>Laser ablation: Supports depth/spatial solid sample profiling</li><li>Single particle analysis: Accurate spICP-MS using npQuant module</li></ul><h3>Application Areas</h3><ul><li>Environmental: Drinking water, wastewater, soils (e.g., EPA 200.8)</li><li>Pharmaceutical: Elemental impurities (ICH Q3D, USP 232/233)</li><li>Food safety: Simultaneous toxic/essential element screening</li><li>Clinical research: Trace-level element detection in complex matrices</li><li>Geosciences: Rock digests, lithium borate fusions</li><li>Industry &amp; materials: Alloys, advanced materials, nuclear isotopic ratios</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Pragolab_Thermo_Scientific_ICP_MS_i_CAP_RQ_Hmotnostni_spektrometr_s_indukcne_vazanym_plazmatem_2_4c27c3a2d0.jpg" alt="Thermo Scientific™ iCAP™ RQ ICP-MS" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Pragolab_Thermo_Scientific_ICP_MS_i_CAP_RQ_Hmotnostni_spektrometr_s_indukcne_vazanym_plazmatem_2_4c27c3a2d0.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="2291" height="1391">

Thermo Scientific™ ARL™ iSpark™ Optical Emission Spectrometers

High-performance spark OES system for elemental and inclusion analysis in metals. Offers fast, precise results with advanced optics, signal processing, and automation readiness.

<h4>High-performance spark OES platform for advanced elemental and inclusion analysis in metals</h4>The ARL iSpark series is a powerful platform of optical emission spectrometers designed for fast, precise, and flexible analysis of metallic samples across the iron and steel, non-ferrous, and precious metals industries. Based on the renowned ARL PMT optical technology and equipped with state-of-the-art spark source and signal processing, the ARL iSpark offers unmatched analytical capability, long-term stability, and ease of use in routine and advanced OES workflows.<h3>Key Features and Benefits</h3><h4>🔬 Advanced PMT Optics</h4><ul><li>Legendary one-meter focal length Paschen-Runge mount</li><li>High dispersion and resolution in a compact, sealed vacuum body</li><li>Direct optical path ensures maximum sensitivity</li><li>Superior performance in multi-base and trace-level analysis</li></ul><h4>⚡ Innovative Spark Source – IntelliSource™</h4><ul><li>Controlled discharge shaping for optimal ablation and excitation</li><li>Flexible dual current control (CCS) for all metallic matrices</li><li>DISC™ (Discharge Interrupt by Short-Circuit) improves trace repeatability</li></ul><h4>🧠 Superior Signal Acquisition</h4><ul><li>Time Gated Acquisition (TGA) for ultra-precise measurement</li><li>Single Spark Acquisition (SSA) for better signal stability</li><li>DISIRE algorithm for improved precision by removing diffuse signals</li><li>FAST algorithm for selecting only optimal single spark data</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Pragolab_Thermo_Scientific_ARL_i_Spark_OES_spektrometr_5_606072e779.jpg" alt="Thermo Scientific™ ARL™ iSpark™ Optical Emission Spectrometers" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Pragolab_Thermo_Scientific_ARL_i_Spark_OES_spektrometr_5_606072e779.jpg 202w," sizes="100vw" width="1101" height="851"><h3>Micro-Inclusion Analysis with Spark-DAT™</h3><ul><li>Rapid inclusion characterization during routine OES</li><li>Simultaneous elemental and inclusion analysis (e.g. Al₂O₃, MnS, TiB₂)</li><li>No need for surface polishing or special sample prep</li><li>Standard and advanced modes for inclusion size, type, and oxygen content</li></ul><h3>User-Friendly Design</h3><ul><li>Compact, front-access design allows wall or corner installation</li><li>Quick table changeover without tools</li><li>Air-cooled spark stand with reduced argon consumption</li><li>Smart Argon Management (SAM) with ECOmode and argon-saving presets</li></ul><h3>OXSAS Software Suite</h3><ul><li>Comprehensive instrument control, calibration, and diagnostics</li><li>Flexible user access levels and full traceability</li><li>Maintenance management and quality tools</li><li>Seamless integration with automation and SMS sample handling</li></ul><h3>Applications</h3><ul><li>Ferrous and non-ferrous metals: steel, copper, aluminum, nickel, titanium</li><li>Precious metals and specialty alloys</li><li>Inclusion analysis: cleanness control in steel/aluminum</li><li>QA/QC, production control, and R&amp;D in metallurgy and foundries</li><li>Compatible with manual or fully automated workflows</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Pragolab_Thermo_Scientific_ARL_i_Spark_OES_spektrometr_6_fa6dd82e9f.jpg" alt="Thermo Scientific™ ARL™ iSpark™ Optical Emission Spectrometers" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Pragolab_Thermo_Scientific_ARL_i_Spark_OES_spektrometr_6_fa6dd82e9f.jpg 198w," sizes="100vw" width="938" height="738">

Thermo Scientific Nicolet iS 10 FTIR Spectrometer

Nicolet iS10 FTIR spectrometer for mid-IR analysis with high resolution, DTGS detector, sealed optics, and broad accessory compatibility.

The Thermo Scientific Nicolet™ iS™ 10 FTIR Spectrometer is a high-performance infrared spectrometer designed for routine and advanced analytical applications in QA/QC, pharmaceuticals, polymers, forensics, and petrochemical analysis.The system is optimized for the mid-infrared (mid-IR) region, utilizing a KBr/Ge beamsplitter, with optional XT-KBr/Ge extended range optics. It is equipped with a fast recovery DTGS detector, providing high sensitivity and stability without the need for liquid nitrogen cooling.A sealed optical bench ensures resistance to ambient humidity, supporting reliable long-term operation. The modular design allows integration with a wide range of accessories including SMART accessories, microscopes, and TGA-IR systems.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>FTIR spectrometer optimized for mid-IR analysis</li><li>Spectral range up to 11,000–350 cm⁻¹ (XT optics)</li><li>High resolution &lt; 0.4 cm⁻¹</li><li>DTGS detector (no liquid nitrogen required)</li><li>KBr/Ge beamsplitter (standard)</li><li>Sealed optics for humidity resistance</li><li>Dual source (Ever-Glo + tungsten/halogen)</li><li>Compatibility with wide accessory range (SMART, microscopy, TGA-IR)</li><li>USB connectivity</li><li>ASTM E1421 compliant (ISO/GLP)</li></ul><h3>Technical Specifications</h3><h4>Optics and Performance</h4><ul><li>Spectral range:<ul><li>7800–350 cm⁻¹ (standard KBr)</li><li>11,000–375 cm⁻¹ (XT-KBr extended range)</li></ul></li><li>Spectral resolution: &lt; 0.4 cm⁻¹</li><li>Laser: HeNe</li><li>Beamsplitter:<ul><li>KBr/Ge (standard)</li><li>XT-KBr/Ge (optional)</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Detection and Sources</h4><ul><li>Detector:<ul><li>DTGS (standard)</li><li>MCT (optional, LN₂ cooled)</li></ul></li><li>Source:<ul><li>Mid-IR Ever-Glo</li><li>Tungsten/halogen</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Construction and Compatibility</h4><ul><li>Optical system: sealed</li><li>Compatible with:<ul><li>SMART Accessories</li><li>Continuum microscope</li><li>TGA-IR</li><li>Photoacoustic modules</li><li>standard FTIR accessories</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Interface</h4><ul><li>USB 2.0</li></ul><h4>Dimensions and Weight</h4><ul><li>Width: 570 mm</li><li>Height: 250 mm</li><li>Depth: 550 mm</li><li>Weight: 33 kg</li></ul><h4>Validation</h4><ul><li>ASTM E1421</li><li>ISO / GLP compliance</li></ul>

Thermo Scientific Nicolet iS50 FTIR Spectrometer

The Nicolet iS50 FTIR spectrometer provides a modular platform for ATR, Raman, NIR, and GC-IR analysis with automation and a wide spectral range.

The Thermo Scientific™ Nicolet™ iS50 is a highly flexible FTIR spectrometer designed as a comprehensive materials analysis platform. It enables a wide range of measurements within a single system—from routine material identification to advanced multi-technique analysis.Its modular architecture allows seamless expansion with Raman, NIR, or GC-IR modules, enabling multiple analytical techniques without reconfiguring the instrument. The Automated Beamsplitter Exchanger (ABX) enables switching between spectral ranges without manual intervention or disruption of optics or purge conditions.The system supports fully automated workflows through Touch Point operation, allowing setup, data collection, and reporting with a single click. An optional built-in diamond ATR module enables immediate measurement without sample preparation while keeping the main sample compartment available for other analyses.The Nicolet iS50 is ideal for pharmaceuticals, forensics, polymers, food analysis, and general laboratories where speed, reproducibility, and analytical flexibility are essential.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Scientific_Nicolet_i_S50_FTIR_Spectrometer_3_43e1a1a943.jpg" alt="Thermo Scientific Nicolet iS50 FTIR Spectrometer " srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Scientific_Nicolet_i_S50_FTIR_Spectrometer_3_43e1a1a943.jpg 173w," sizes="100vw" width="488" height="440"><h3>Key Features</h3><ul><li>Automated Beamsplitter Exchanger (ABX)</li><li>Modular system: Raman, NIR, GC-IR</li><li>Built-in diamond ATR for instant, no-prep analysis</li><li>Automated workflows (Touch Points)</li><li>Wide spectral range (FIR–VIS)</li><li>Up to 9 user-selectable detectors</li><li>Multi-technique integration in a single workflow</li><li>Compatibility with SMART accessories</li></ul><h3>Technical Specifications</h3><ul><li>Spectral range: 15 – 27,000 cm⁻¹</li><li>Resolution: better than 0.09 cm⁻¹</li><li>Source: Polaris™ IR + tungsten-halogen source</li><li>Laser: HeNe</li><li>Detectors: up to 9 selectable</li><li>Interface: USB 2.0</li><li>Power: 100/240 V, 50/60 Hz</li><li>Dimensions (W × D × H): 62.6 × 69.8 × 27.6 cm</li><li>Weight: 60 kg</li><li>Validation: ASTM E1421, ISO/GLP compliant</li></ul>

Thermo Scientific Nicolet iG50 FTIR Spectrometer

The Thermo Scientific Nicolet iG50 is a rugged FTIR spectrometer for process analysis and OEM integration, delivering high analytical performance, flexible configuration, and long-term reliability.

The Thermo Scientific™ Nicolet™ iG50 FTIR Spectrometer combines the analytical performance of a research-grade FTIR system with the robustness required for industrial environments. Designed for process monitoring, OEM integration, and demanding analytical applications, it offers a compact, configurable platform that can be easily integrated into manufacturing and process control systems.The modular design supports a variety of optical components, detectors, and sampling interfaces, allowing the system to be tailored to specific application requirements. Its rack-mountable construction, stainless-steel enclosure, and built-in diagnostic capabilities make it suitable for continuous operation in industrial settings while maintaining excellent analytical performance.The Nicolet iG50 provides high spectral resolution, excellent signal-to-noise performance, and rapid scan speeds for the characterization of complex gas mixtures and fast transient events. Dynamic optical alignment, automated performance verification, and user-replaceable components help maximize uptime and minimize maintenance requirements.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Scientific_Nicolet_i_G50_FTIR_Spectrometer_5e9eae31bd.jpg" alt="Thermo Scientific Nicolet iG50 FTIR Spectrometer" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Scientific_Nicolet_i_G50_FTIR_Spectrometer_5e9eae31bd.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="650" height="384"><h3>Key Features</h3><ul><li>Research-grade FTIR performance in a rugged industrial platform</li><li>Compact, rack-mountable design for OEM and process integration</li><li>High spectral resolution for resolving complex gas spectra</li><li>Excellent signal-to-noise ratio for low-level detection</li><li>Rapid scanning capabilities for monitoring transient processes</li><li>Support for dual-detector configurations</li><li>Dynamic optical alignment for enhanced long-term stability</li><li>Built-in diagnostics and automated performance verification</li><li>Continuous on-board hardware monitoring</li><li>User-replaceable source, laser, detector, power supply, and electronics modules</li><li>Configurable front or side beam output options</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2456">Thermo Scientific™ OMNIC™ Software</a> included</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Scientific_Nicolet_i_G50_FTIR_Spectrometer_2_cf807ab135.jpg" alt="Thermo Scientific Nicolet iG50 FTIR Spectrometer" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Scientific_Nicolet_i_G50_FTIR_Spectrometer_2_cf807ab135.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="650" height="414"><h3>Applications</h3><ul><li>Process gas analysis</li><li>Process liquid monitoring</li><li>Volatile organic compound (VOC) analysis</li><li>Continuous emissions monitoring (CEM)</li><li>Chemical process monitoring</li><li>At-line film analysis</li><li>Quality control laboratories</li><li>Polymer and plastics analysis</li><li>Pharmaceutical testing</li><li>Forensic analysis</li><li>Gemstone and materials analysis</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Scientific_Nicolet_i_G50_FTIR_Spectrometer_3_408ce44c58.jpg" alt="Thermo Scientific Nicolet iG50 FTIR Spectrometer" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Scientific_Nicolet_i_G50_FTIR_Spectrometer_3_408ce44c58.jpg 230w," sizes="100vw" width="650" height="440"><h3>Technical Specifications</h3><ul><li>Spectral range: 7800–350 cm⁻¹ (KBr beamsplitter), 6000–650 cm⁻¹ (ZnSe beamsplitter)</li><li>Spectral resolution: 0.5 cm⁻¹</li><li>Beam splitter options: Ge/KBr or ZnSe</li><li>Detector options: TE-cooled DLaTGS detectors</li><li>Source: Polaris™ high-stability, long-life IR source</li><li>Wavenumber precision: Better than 0.01 cm⁻¹</li><li>Interferometer: 90° Michelson dynamically aligned interferometer</li><li>A/D converter: 24-bit</li><li>Interface: USB 2.0</li><li>Power requirements: 100/240 V, 50 Hz, 2.5 A</li><li>Dimensions (W × D × H): 45 × 42 × 25 cm</li><li>Weight: 29 kg</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Scientific_Nicolet_i_G50_FTIR_Spectrometer_4_c12c2404eb.jpg" alt="Thermo Scientific Nicolet iG50 FTIR Spectrometer" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Scientific_Nicolet_i_G50_FTIR_Spectrometer_4_c12c2404eb.jpg 170w," sizes="100vw" width="650" height="596"><h3>Standard Features</h3><ul><li>90° Michelson dynamically aligned interferometer</li><li>Polaris™ high-stability, long-lifetime mid-IR source</li><li>1.5 in (38 mm) collimated front output beam</li><li>Continuously variable iris aperture</li><li>Aluminum-coated mirrors</li><li>Validation/attenuation wheel</li><li>24-bit A/D converter</li><li>Helium-Neon (HeNe) reference laser</li><li>Configurable front or side beam output</li><li>Automated performance verification testing</li><li>Continuous hardware status monitoring</li><li>Thermo Scientific™ OMNIC™ Software included</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Scientific_Nicolet_i_G50_FTIR_Spectrometer_5_60744d1e06.jpg" alt="Thermo Scientific Nicolet iG50 FTIR Spectrometer" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Scientific_Nicolet_i_G50_FTIR_Spectrometer_5_60744d1e06.jpg 244w," sizes="100vw" width="650" height="416">

Products distributed by Thermo Fisher Scientific (EMEA) - page 11

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