This study examines the combustion behavior of B4C/Bi2O3 pyrotechnic delay compositions as sustainable alternatives to conventional materials. Thermodynamic modeling and experimental testing were used to evaluate the influence of compaction pressure, particle size, and granule size on burning performance.Results showed that increased compaction reduced burning rates by lowering porosity and shifting combustion from convective to conductive mechanisms. Residue and gas analyses supported a multistage reaction pathway, demonstrating the potential of B4C/Bi2O3 formulations for environmentally improved pyrotechnic applications.<blockquote><h4>The original article</h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10964">Sustainable Pyrotechnics: Combustion Behavior of B4C/Bi2O3 for Delay Compositions</a></h4>Danillo F. Vianna Cantini, Vojtěch Pelikán*, Eva Schmidová, Jiří PachmanACS Omega 2026, 11, 3, 4668–4683<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c10964">https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c10964</a><h6>licensed under <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC-BY 4.0</a></h6></blockquote>Selected sections from the article follow. Formats and hyperlinks were adapted from the original.<div>Pyrotechnic delay compositions are formulations designed to create a specific delay time, determined primarily by their burning rate. These compositions are essential in timing energetic events and are used extensively in both civilian and military applications. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(1)</a> This broad usage leads to diverse motivations for studying such materials. In civilian contexts, such as mining, the focus is typically on safety and cost-effectiveness. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(2)</a> For military purposes, reliability and precision are key factors, often with stringent performance requirements. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(3)</a>Pyrotechnic delay compositions are classified based on their combustion behavior into gassy or gasless types. In confined, sealed and obturated environments, gasless compositions are favored, to avoid gas buildup. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(1,4)</a> However, in unconfined or vented systems, gassy compositions are not problematic. For example, in fireworks, where combustion gases freely dissipate, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(1)</a> or in vented housings like hand grenades or signaling devices, gassy delays are acceptable. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(5,6)</a>In gassy compositions, the burning rate is influenced by the loading (or consolidation) pressure. Hot gases generated by the chemical reaction penetrate gas channels (voids) in the material, igniting unreacted material through a process known as convective heating. As loading pressure increases, these voids are gradually reduced, which diminishes convection and subsequently lowers the burning rate. In contrast, for gasless compositions, burning is driven by conductive heating, where heat is transferred through direct particle-to-particle contact, leading to the opposite effect. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(7−9)</a>Historically, up until World War II, black powder served as the foundation for most delay elements. Nowadays, it continues to be utilized for this function and others, but on smaller scales. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(1)</a> Some more recent and traditional formulations for pyrotechnic compositions include fuels like silicon, boron, tungsten, zinc, iron, zirconium, and manganese. Examples of these are Si/Pb3O4, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(8,10)</a> B/BaCrO4 <a href="javascript:void(0);">(8)</a>, W/BaCrO4/KClO4, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(5,6,11)</a> Zn/PbO2, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(12)</a> Fe/BaO2, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(13)</a> Zr/KClO4, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(8)</a> and Mn/PbCrO4/BaCrO4. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(14)</a>Currently, researchers are actively developing several new formulations for pyrotechnic delays. One of the main motivations for this is the need to transform these compositions into “greener” ones. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(1,2)</a> This means that compositions that could cause problems for the environment or human health should be avoided. To achieve this sustainability, the identification and replacement of known or potentially harmful, toxic, and carcinogenic compounds is vital. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(10)</a> Heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants, toxic gases, volatile organic compounds and known causers of human health problems are examples of such substances to be removed. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(2,5,15)</a>Specifically, there are several attempts to replace lead, barium, chromates, and perchlorates. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(15)</a> The reason is that most of the established delay formulations used today contain these substances. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(2,5)</a> Lead, barium and chromium (contained in chromates) are heavy metals and are known to cause serious health problems in human, specially to nervous, cardiovascular and respiratory systems. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(5,16)</a> Perchlorates are well-documented substances and are used in various pyrotechnic applications. However, they are widely recognized as contributors to thyroid issues. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(5)</a>From the above, it is clear that modern strategies in pyrotechnics are increasingly focused on developing new materials that prioritize both efficiency and sustainability. This shift imposes numerous restrictions, meaning that formulations must be designed with precise planning and thorough investigation to meet both performance and environmental standards.Boron could be considered the ideal fuel for pyrotechnic reactions due to its high energy content. However, it presents combustion issues for its limited reactivity due to boron oxide layer and boron agglomerates formation upon heating. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(17)</a> The boron oxide layer acts as a barrier, hindering oxygen (O) diffusion and consequently limiting the oxidation of boron. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(18)</a>Boron carbide (B4C) is a natural candidate for combustion processes due to its lower ignition point, which is attributed to its higher reactivity. This reactivity stems from the diffusion of carbon (C) particles, which oxidize into gaseous products. These gaseous products create diffusion channels that penetrate the boron oxide layer, breaking down the layer and agglomerates, thereby further improving the reaction. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(18,19)</a> B4C presents better combustion properties, with better burning stability and reliable self-propagation, resulting in better combustion efficiency. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(17)</a>Bismuth trioxide (Bi2O3) is an attractive oxidizer for pyrotechnic delay compositions due to several advantageous properties. Its high oxygen content and efficient oxygen release facilitate sustained combustion, while its favorable thermal properties, including a relatively low melting and decomposition temperature, ensure that oxygen is available at precisely the right moment to support a controlled reaction. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(20)</a> Additionally, Bi2O3 high density allows for compact formulations, promoting consistent and reliable burn rates. Also, it has a low heat of formation (approximately −582 kJ/mol), which is crucial to minimize the energy required to initiate its decomposition. This enhances the overall reaction efficiency, allowing Bi2O3 to rapidly release oxygen without consuming excessive energy, thus ensuring sustainable and stable combustion. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(8)</a>In addition to their technical advantages, Bi2O3 and B4C offer a significant environmental benefit: they are considered more eco-friendly compared to other materials commonly used in pyrotechnic compositions. Bi2O3 serves as a less toxic alternative to traditional oxidizers like lead-based compounds, reducing the risk of environmental contamination and exposure to harmful heavy metals. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(1,8,16)</a> Similarly, B4C contributes to cleaner combustion, producing fewer pollutants and minimizing the environmental impact. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(5)</a> This makes both materials not only effective but also greener choices for sustainable pyrotechnic applications.<h4>2. Experimental Section</h4><h5>2.8. Material Characterization</h5>Particle and granule size distribution were measured with a Malvern Mastersizer 3000 (Malvern Panalytical). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was carried out with a TESCAN MIRA (TESCAN) to examine morphology and confirm particle size. A 40 cm3 combustion chamber was used to analyze pressure profile, quantify solid residues, and collect combustion gases for further analysis. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was performed using a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2392">Nicolet iS50 FT-IR</a> (Thermo Scientific) and standardized nitrogen (N2) background to identify gas-phase products. Thermal stability and water content assessments were conducted using TGA (NETZSCH TG 209 F3 Tarsus) and DSC (NETZSCH DSC 200 F3 Maia). Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) was performed using a Bruker Quantax 200 (Bruker) for semiquantitative chemical composition analysis of the combustion residues. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were performed using a Rigaku MiniFlex diffractometer for complementary phase identification, while surface chemical states were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) using a Scienta Omicron ESCA2SR system.<h4>3. Results and Discussion</h4><h5>3.7. FTIR Analysis of Combustion Gases</h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10964#fig10">Figure 10</a> compares the FTIR spectra of combustion chamber gases from stoichiometric (blue) and fuel-rich (red) tests, highlighting CO and CO2 as the main species, consistent with Horiuchi. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(18)</a> Normalizing their absorbance to concentration using standard references yielded CO2/CO ratios of 0.67 (stoichiometric) and 0.34 (fuel-rich). However, a quantitative analysis is approximate and inherently imprecise, as potential contamination during gas collection and measurement could affect the results, given the challenge of maintaining a completely controlled internal atmosphere. A small fraction of hydrocarbon species (e.g., CH4, C2H4, and C2H2) was also identified in both samples.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ACS_Omega_2026_11_3_4668_4683_Figure_10_Comparative_FTIR_spectra_of_combustion_gas_compositions_in_a_combustion_chamber_ac7b7daf84.jpg" alt="ACS Omega 2026, 11, 3, 4668–4683: Figure 10. Comparative FTIR spectra of combustion gas compositions in a combustion chamber." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ACS_Omega_2026_11_3_4668_4683_Figure_10_Comparative_FTIR_spectra_of_combustion_gas_compositions_in_a_combustion_chamber_ac7b7daf84.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1956" height="989">While experimental results indicate a higher CO2 presence than predicted, the overall trend aligns with expectations─higher fuel content shifts combustion products toward less oxidized species. Notably, the identified gaseous products are relatively simple and exhibit low toxicity compared to halogenated or metal-containing species commonly found in traditional pyrotechnic formulations, supporting the potential of this system as a more environmentally friendly alternative.Since the reaction involves both condensed-phase reactants and products, characterizing the solid residues is essential to evaluate the extent of reaction and gain insight into the actual progression of the reaction pathway. For this, SEM imaging and EDS analysis were employed to investigate the morphology and elemental composition of the combustion residues.<h5>3.8. SEM and EDS of Burning Residues</h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10964#fig11">Figure 11</a> presents the SEM analysis of solid residues from the combustion of B4. <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acsomega.5c10964/suppl_file/ao5c10964_si_001.pdf">Figure S5</a> exhibits images of the other samples. <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10964#fig11">Figure 11</a>a shows the top view of the burned delay element, revealing the distribution of residues across the surface, while <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10964#fig11">Figure 11</a>b provides a magnified view of a region rich in bright spherical structures. These spheres are likely bismuth that transitioned through a liquid or gaseous phase during the reaction and solidified upon cooling. This phenomenon of spherical formation due to phase transition is well-documented in the literature. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(33)</a><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ACS_Omega_2026_11_3_4668_4683_Figure_11_SEM_analysis_of_B4_after_burning_8fc7a8f520.jpg" alt="ACS Omega 2026, 11, 3, 4668–4683: Figure 11. SEM analysis of B4 after burning: (a) top view (50 ×) of the burned delay element showing the distribution of solid residues across the surface; (b) magnified view (1 k×) of a region rich in bright spherical structures." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ACS_Omega_2026_11_3_4668_4683_Figure_11_SEM_analysis_of_B4_after_burning_8fc7a8f520.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="2092" height="831"><h5>3.10. Surface Chemistry of Combustion Residues (XPS)</h5>Survey spectrum scans identified the main photoelectron lines corresponding to carbon, oxygen, boron, and bismuth. High-resolution scans for the O 1s, C 1s, B 1s, and Bi 4f regions of B4 are presented in <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10964#fig19">Figure 19</a>, allowing detailed peak deconvolution and chemical assignment.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ACS_Omega_2026_11_3_4668_4683_Figure_19_XPS_high_resolution_spectra_of_O_1s_C_1s_B_1s_and_Bi_4f_regions_for_B4_5c6064d013.jpg" alt="ACS Omega 2026, 11, 3, 4668–4683: Figure 19. XPS high-resolution spectra of O 1s, C 1s, B 1s, and Bi 4f regions for B4." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ACS_Omega_2026_11_3_4668_4683_Figure_19_XPS_high_resolution_spectra_of_O_1s_C_1s_B_1s_and_Bi_4f_regions_for_B4_5c6064d013.jpg 214w," sizes="100vw" width="2049" height="1498">The analysis confirmed B2O3 as a major surface product and indicated the presence of unreacted B4C in the B4 sample through B–C bonds. sp2 carbon was also detected in B4, suggesting possible graphite formation, as predicted in thermodynamic calculations. A2 showed more Bi3+ than B4, supporting that the stoichiometric composition had more residual Bi2O3, while the fuel-rich B4 sample promoted greater reduction to Bi0. The presence of Bi3+ on the surface observed may result from postcombustion reoxidation of Bi0. These results reinforce the proposed reaction pathway and the role of fuel excess in enhancing reaction completeness. In this analysis, the B 1s spectrum further confirms the absence of BN by the lack of B–N peaks, consistent with the EDS results, which also revealed no detectable nitrogen signal.All experimental findings contribute to the fundamental understanding of boron carbide and bismuth oxide reactions under both basic and applied conditions, particularly in delay compositions. These results provide new insights into the reaction pathway and the underlying combustion mechanism.<h4>4. Conclusions</h4>Stoichiometric formulations of B4C/Bi2O3, which ignited when not pressed, failed to burn after being lightly compacted; a fuel-rich composition is necessary to ensure combustion. The fuel-rich compositions ignited readily and maintained combustion without quenching. Water facilitated the granulation process and improved the final composition. With increasing loading pressure, burning rates decrease due to reduced convective heat transfer, leading the combustion process to transition toward a conductive regime. Particle size also impacted combustion, particularly with larger Bi2O3 particles, which influenced the combustion profile up to a certain threshold. Additionally, the granule size of the final composition was found to alter the burning behavior, with larger granules promoting faster combustion at lower pressures.Thermodynamic calculations provided an initial insight into the reaction process. The findings show that the reaction progresses through distinct stages: starting in a solid–solid preignition phase, transitioning to a solid–liquid phase as components melt, and culminating in a gas phase marked by significant product volatilization, illustrating a complete combustion evolution.FTIR analysis confirmed that the main gaseous products are CO and CO2, indicating reduced environmental toxicity. Elemental and phase analyses confirmed that the reaction followed the expected pathway, with Bi and B2O3 as the predominant products. No Bi2O3 was detected by XRD, indicating that the oxidizer was fully consumed in the bulk. Morphological analysis of the products suggests that, upon cooling, bismuth solidifies into small metallic spheres, while surface analysis indicates that B2O3 remains predominantly in the outer layer. Altogether, the results are consistent and complementary, reinforcing the reliability and scientific rigor of the study.All these observations accentuate the necessity of conducting experiments under application-specific conditions. These findings not only enhance our understanding of the combustion dynamics of low toxicity B4C/Bi2O3 mixtures but also underscore their potential for practical applications requiring precise delay times and environmental sustainability. The successful use of water as a green solvent further highlights the viability of developing sustainable pyrotechnic compositions. This research advances the field by providing valuable insights into optimizing performance while minimizing environmental impact through careful material selection and process control.</div>

Sustainable Pyrotechnics: Combustion Behavior of B4C/Bi2O3 for Delay Compositions

In the week from May 11, the following webinars await you in the field of atomic and molecular spectroscopy and spectrometry<blockquote><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinars">👉 DETAILS AND REGISTRATION IN THE WEBINARS SECTION</a></h4>👉 Search and filter in the largest global database with over 5 500 GC, LC, MS and spectroscopy webinars.</blockquote><h5>1. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Uncovering Microplastics: Identification, Quantification, and Exposure Assessment</h5><ul><li>Tu, 12.5.2026 08:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6136">Registration</a></li></ul>In this webinar, we will explore complementary analytical solutions for comprehensive microplastics characterization.<h5>2. SPECTRO Analytical Instruments: Elemental Analysis of Superalloys: Ensuring Performance in Extreme Applications</h5><ul><li>Tu, 12.5.2026 10:30 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6170">Registration</a></li></ul>Learn how accurate elemental analysis ensures superalloy performance, with OES and XRF solutions for reliable quality control from lab to field.<h5>3. Agilent Technologies: What have you been smoking? Elemental Analysis in Cannabis and Cannabis Products with ICP-MS</h5><ul><li>Tu, 12.5.2026 20:30 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6063">Registration</a></li></ul>Learn how automated calibration and dilution streamline ICP-MS food testing workflows, improving accuracy, traceability, and productivity while addressing rare-earth doubly charged interferences.<h5>4. AZoM: Faster REE Exploration Decisions with XRF Technology Explained</h5><ul><li>We, 13.5.2026 16:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6195">Registration</a></li></ul>Join the webinar to see how handheld XRF provides a significant advantage in today's fast-paced REE landscape.<h5>5. Bruker: Advancing Industrial Metrology Automation with Bruker's Dimension AFMs</h5><ul><li>We, 13.5.2026 17:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6172">Registration</a></li></ul>This webinar will explore how Dimension AFM platforms support increasing levels of automation, from scripted measurements to data-driven control.<h5>6. Anton Paar: Polymer Rheology: Impact of Humidity on Material Behavior</h5><ul><li>We, 13.5.2026 18:00 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/5801">Registration</a></li></ul>Discover how humidity impacts polymers and soft materials. Learn how moisture alters rheology, tackiness, curing, and flowability through real case studies across films, adhesives, foods, and powders.<h5>7. LECO: TOC Determination in Soil and Waste</h5><ul><li>Th, 14.5.2026 14:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6038">Registration</a></li></ul>Join this webinar to explore modern methods for TOC determination in soils and waste. Learn how standardized approaches, instrumentation, and method selection influence data quality and regulatory compliance.

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Routine chemical analysis typically involves several steps, e.g. selection of procedure, sampling, sample preparation, measurement, result calculation, uncertainty estimation, and reporting to customer. Based on the result, important decisions and actions are taken. The steps before and after the measurement are often referred to as “pre- and post-analytical”. There are many sources of uncertainty associated with this work, some of which can actually limit the overall quality.&nbsp;Proficiency testing (PT) and external quality assessment (EQA) schemes are effective means of assessing the quality of routine analyses. However, if there are specific procedures, either before or after the measurement, which are applied to the routine samples, but not to the PT test sample, the result reflects only the quality of part of the measurement process. Pre- and post-analytical PT/ EQA schemes are already widely used in laboratory medicine. The standard ISO 15189, that underpins accreditation of medical laboratories, stresses that EQA schemes should “... have the effect of checking the entire process including pre- and post-examination procedures ...”&nbsp;The examples in this leaflet illustrate the potential and importance of pre- and post-analytical PT/EQA. They are intended as an inspiration for the providers to further develop their external quality control activities.<h4>Pre- and post-analytical PT/EQA – a means for harmonisation&nbsp;</h4>By illustrating, e.g. lack of adherence to guidelines, or variation in sample preparation, or inconsistency in interpretation, pre- and post-analytical PT/EQA schemes pinpoint problems not apparent in other schemes. This may lead to improved harmonisation and changes to guidelines and standards.<h4>Example 1: Interpreting clinical chemistry information&nbsp;</h4>Patient background information together with analytical results can be used to check agreement of interpretational advice given by medical doctors. This type of scheme can, therefore, include both pre- and post-analytical aspects. The provider, e.g. through an expert group, ranks the quality of participants’ response and suggestions, and presents them in the report with comments.<h4>Example 2: Sampling requests in microbiology&nbsp;</h4>Using the scenario of food poisoning, pre- &amp; post-analytical aspects of sampling requests in a microbiology scheme can be highlighted. The provider gives information about food type, symptoms, and incubation time with a simulated sample. Participants choose which organism(s) to test for. The associated laboratory work involves examination of samples, report on method(s) of choice and results. Participants could, e.g. be asked to specify which toxins or pathogens are likely to cause the food poisoning and state whether or not they will disseminate information, e.g. to hospitals or food suppliers. The feedback report would then show the results of each participant together with the comments of the provider.&nbsp;<h4>Example 3: Toy testing&nbsp;</h4>Faulty design, usage and chance play a role in injury and death incidents related to children’s toys. Toy safety is the practice of ensuring that toys are safe, usually through the application of set safety standards. The PT provider sources a toy, performs visual assessment of its homogeneity, and distributes the samples. Participants are requested to assess the toy against the European standard EN 71 and they have to decide which clauses of the standard apply. The clauses chosen define the test(s) to be carried out. The feedback report will contain a “model answer” including clauses, tests and labeling requirements (when applicable).&nbsp;<h4>Example 4: Monitoring drinking water quality&nbsp;</h4>A post-analytical application can be underpinned by legislation and national regulations (Directive 98/83/EC). Participants receive a synthetic drinking water sample with properties close to one or more limiting values. They are requested to deliver results, uncertainties and a “pass/fail” recommendation to the customer. The recommendations of the provider are listed in the feedback report for educational purposes. Information can be fed back also to regulators to serve, e.g. as basis for further discussions.&nbsp;<blockquote><h5>More information / further reading&nbsp;</h5>Information about PT providers and schemes can be obtained from your national accreditation body, from the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.eptis.org/">EPTIS website</a> or from other national or international organisations.</blockquote>

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Eurachem is a European network promoting international traceability of chemical measurements and good analytical practice. It provides expert guidance, supports method validation, uncertainty evaluation, proficiency testing, and facilitates discussion on technical and policy issues in analytical quality.

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Thermo Fisher Scientific

In this webinar we provide an introduction to the new patented Emission Suppression Technology (EST) for the Thermo Scientific Argus VI Static Vacuum Mass Spectrometer.
EST revolutionizes noble gas isotope ratio mass spectrometry by switching off ionization during sample introduction, removing the trade-off between precision and equilibration time.
We will demonstrate how by pausing sample consumption, EST allows measurements to be made on properly equilibrated samples, resulting in dramatic improvements in both the accuracy and precision of noble gas isotope ratios. We explain the potential that this technology has for dramatically boosting signal sensitivity through modification of prep benches and sample introduction methods.
Key Learnings:
<ul>
<li>What is EST and how does it work?
</li>
<li>Impact of EST on Ar-Ar dating
</li>
<li>The future of NG-MS with EST
</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
Presenter: Lionnel Mounier (IRMS Business Development Manager, Thermo Fisher Scientific)
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
A polar glaciologist and palaeoclimatologist by training, Lionnel has been working with isotopes for 38 years including 34 years in the commercialization of isotope ratio mass spectrometers (IRMS) and notably noble gas isotope ratio mass spectrometers (NG IRMS).
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
Presenter: Issaku Kohl (Product Manager, Thermo Fisher Scientific)
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
Issaku manages the gas IRMS, noble gas MS and Orbitrap Exploris Isotope Solutions product lines at Thermo Fisher Scientific. He is an Isotope Geo- and Cosmochemist by training and he draws on years of experience in traditional and advanced stable gas isotope applications in Earth sciences. With this background, he is now driving the development of the gas isotope MS product portfolio.
</blockquote>

Thermo Scientific: Emission Suppression Technology: Revolutionizing noble gas mass spectrometry

Emission Suppression Technology: Revolutionizing noble gas mass spectrometry

Introduction to the new patented Emission Suppression Technology (EST).

EST: : Revolutionizing noble gas mass spectrometry

To reconstruct the evolution of the Earth and life over geologic timescales, scientists need accurate and precise analytical methods with high sample throughput.
Using elemental abundances and isotopic ratios of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur and hydrogen, key information can be unlocked from geoscience samples. By attending this webinar, you will get an introduction to the answers provided by geosciences samples and why scientists use elemental analysis and IRMS to find those answers.
<blockquote>
Presenter: Dr. Eva Stueeken (Lecturer, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of St Andrews)
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
Eva obtained a BSc in Geosciences &amp; Astrophysics at Jacobs University in Bremen, Germany, in 2004 and a PhD in Geochemistry and Astrobiology at the University of Washington in Seattle, USA, in 2014. Under a NASA postdoctoral fellowship, she then moved to the University of California Riverside, USA, for two-and-a-half years before joining the University of St Andrews in Scotland, UK, as an independent research fellow in 2017. In 2020, she took up at lecturer position in geochemistry at the University of St Andrews. Eva’s research focuses on the evolution of biogeochemical cycles over Earth history. She combines field geology with geochemical analyses and experiments to reconstruct past life and environments and to investigate linkages between volcanic processes and Earth’s biosphere. Abundances and isotopic ratios of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur and hydrogen – the main ingredients for life – are one of her major analytical tools. Examples of current projects include the storage of nitrogen in continental crust, the production of organic matter in lightning reactions, and the impact of ore-forming fluids on past oceans. Eva is currently supervising two PhD students and has published numerous publications in international journals.
</blockquote>

Thermo Scientific: Unlocking Information from Geological Samples with Carbon, Nitrogen, Sulfur and Hydrogen

Unlocking Information from Geological Samples with Carbon, Nitrogen, Sulfur and Hydrogen

Introduction to the answers provided by geosciences samples and why scientists use elemental analysis and IRMS to find those answers.

Unlocking Information from Geological Samples with Carbon

We present the first nitrogen isotopic and trace element analyses from during a “Snowball Earth” glaciation, and suggest they indicate oxidative continental weathering and mildly oxygenated marine waters.
Specifically, we measured three sections of the Ghaub formation, which is the Marinoan glacial unit in northern Namibia. The Marinoan is the second of two Cryogenian Snowball Earth glaciations.
In all sections, we analyzed δ15N values and redox sensitive trace elements, including U, V, and Mo. All measured units are from a marginal marine environment. Two sections are synglacial; one composed of detritial siliciclastics and one of detrital carbonate, both with a minor clay fraction. The third section was deposited during the terminal deglaciation and is comformably overlain by the basal Ediacarab Keilberg cap dolostone.
Trace element data demonstrate two key observations. First, the presence of trace elements in a marine setting is consistent with delivery from the continents via oxic weathering. Active weathering occurred on the continents during Snowball Earth. Secondly, enrichments are consistent with mildly oxygenated subglacial ocean waters.
δ15N values from both synglacial sections range from +1 to +3‰, consistent with small but persistent volumes of oxygenated water. Most dissolved N was NH4+ from N-fixing (δ15N =0‰), with small reservoirs of NO3-. Denitrification of NO3- enriched the oceanic N isotopes a few per mil. An increase in oxygenated water during the deglaciation was accompanied by increased NO3- and denitrification, causing δ15N values to increase to near modern levels. Deglacial values are thus more enriched, between +3 to +5‰.
<blockquote>
Presenter: Dr. Ben Johnson (Assistant Professor, Iowa State University)
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Ben is a geologist and geochemist with broad interests that span Earth History and Earth System Science. He uses a variety of rock archives, including chemical sediments, glacial tills, and igneous rocks as records of the interactions between life, the oceans, the atmosphere, and the solid Earth over deep time. He uses field work, analytical and isotope geochemistry, and numerical modeling to investigate deep time questions about Earth history. He is also interested in astrobiology and planetary science!
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Thermo Scientific: Oxygen and Nitrogen Under the Ice: Trace Elements and δ15N Evidence for Oxic Weathering and Oxygenated Waters During the Snowball Earth Marinoan Glaciation, Ghaub Formation, Namibia

Oxygen and Nitrogen Under the Ice: Trace Elements and δ15N Evidence for Oxic Weathering and Oxygenated Waters During the Snowball Earth Marinoan Glaciation, Ghaub Formation, Namibia

The first nitrogen isotopic and trace element analyses from during a “Snowball Earth” glaciation, and suggest they indicate oxidative continental weathering.

Oxygen and Nitrogen Under the Ice: Trace Elements and δ15N

Uranium-lead geochronology provides valuable insight into the timing and rates of various geological processes throughout Earth’s history.
Isotope dilution thermal ionization mass spectrometry is the most precise and accurate technique for U-Pb geochronology. This technique is generally applied to single zircon crystals or crystal fragments yielding small amounts of Pb (typically &lt; 100 pg) and U (approximately 1 ng) following separation by chromatographic techniques in a very clean environment. Precise and accurate analysis of such small samples requires sensitive ion detection systems.
For higher spatial resolution, in-situ analysis by laser ablation ICP-MS is the preferred method allowing routine, high sample throughput U-Pb dating. For challenging zircons with low U and Pb content, high sensitivity is crucial.
The combination of U-Pb with the Lu-Hf chronometer in zircon is a very powerful and commonly used tool in the geosciences for investigating the processes that control crust-mantle evolution and their timing. Laser ablation multicollector ICP-MS enables determination of high precision in-situ Lu-Hf data required for reliable interpretation.
This webinar highlights the latest advances in U-Pb and Lu-Hf analysis of zircons by Isotope Dilution TIMS, as well as in-situ laser ablation sector field, single collector and multicollector ICP-MS, with a focus on optimizing methodologies using recent development such as the Thermo Scientific™ 1013 Ω Amplifier Technology™ and the Jet Interface.
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Presenter: Dr. Laura Bracciali (Application Manager, IOMS, Thermo Fisher Scientific)
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After receiving her Ph.D. in Earth Sciences from the University of Pisa, Laura took post-doctoral research positions at the Italian Antarctic Research Program, the British Geological Survey, and Lancaster University. Before joining Thermo Fisher Scientific in 2020 as Product Specialist, Laura was manager of the LA U-(Th)-Pb Geochronology Division at Stellenbosch University.
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Presenter: Dr. Grant Craig (Application Manager, IOMS, Thermo Fisher Scientific)
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From Scotland, Grant undertook a Ph.D. at Loughborough University, in collaboration with the UK’s NERC Isotope Geosciences Laboratory, on the analysis of sub-micron sized uranium oxide particles by LA-ICP-MS. Grant joined Thermo Fisher Scientific as a post-doctoral researcher within the EU ITN &quot;IsoNose,&quot; and is currently the Application Manager for MC-ICP-MS.
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Presenter: Dr. Hauke Vollstaedt (Product and Application Manager, IOMS, Thermo Fisher Scientific)
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Hauke received his Ph.D. at the GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel. At the University of Bern, he continued researching in the field of non-traditional stable isotopes by measuring Se isotope composition in meteorites and lunar rocks. Since 2017, Hauke has been working at Thermo Fisher Scientific as Application and Product Manager TIMS, MC-ICP-MS, and HR-ICP-MS.
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Thermo Scientific: Optimizing Methodologies in U-Pb and Lu-Hf Analysis of Zircons using TIMS, MC-ICP-MS and HR-ICP-MS

Optimizing Methodologies in U-Pb and Lu-Hf Analysis of Zircons using TIMS, MC-ICP-MS and HR-ICP-MS

Latest advances in U-Pb and Lu-Hf analysis of zircons by Isotope Dilution TIMS, as well as in-situ laser ablation sector field, single collector.

Optimizing Methodologies in U-Pb and Lu-Hf Analysis

The beverage industry suffers from fraudulent activities that include incorrect labeling of products and adulteration, which has a significant impact on consumer safety, brand names, and reputation.
Stable isotope measurements can differentiate between beverage samples that otherwise share identical chemical composition. This differentiation is given by the isotope fingerprints. The isotope fingerprint in beverage products is region- or process-specific, which means that products can be differentiated based on geographical region (e.g. wine or tequila ), agricultural sources (e.g. whiskey), and brewing processes (e.g. sake). Fraudulent practices such as mislabeling, sugar addition, or watering of wines and spirits can be unraveled.
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Presenter: Mario Tuthorn (Product Marketing Manager, Thermo Fisher Scientific)
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After completing his PhD in Isotope Biogeochemistry at the University of Bayreuth, Germany, Mario joined Thermo Fisher Scientific in Bremen in 2016 as an application specialist for the Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry portfolio, developing applications and methods for compound specific isotope analysis in a variety of fields by using gas and liquid chromatography. Since 2019, Mario has taken on the Product Marketing Manager role for gas isotope ratio MS and organic elemental analyzer instrumentation, focusing on product positioning and marketing activities.
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Thermo Scientific: Beverage Fraud Prevention using Isotope Fingerprints

Beverage Fraud Prevention using Isotope Fingerprints

The beverage industry suffers from fraudulent activities that include incorrect labeling of products and adulteration.

Isotope fingerprints of nitrogen, carbon and sulfur are a powerful tool to interpret the diet, movement, and mobility of populations in archaeology and ecology studies. Typical sample materials are bone collagen or dentine. The challenge for sequential δ15N, δ13C and δ34S analysis of such samples is driven by extremely low concentration of sulfur (typically &lt;0.3 weight % S), and the samples are often rare and size limited.
This presentation will describe how we have optimized our Thermo Scientific EA IsoLink System with the new High Performance Kit for sulfur analysis to allow for high precision and accuracy NCS analysis. 
Here we will focus on hardware optimization and instrument maintenance to reduce SO2 carry-over, and the High Sensitivity Method setup that allows for SO2 pre-concentration.
What you will learn:
<ul>
<li>Introduction to the elemental analyzer workflow</li>
<li>System hardware optimization via High Performance Kit for sulfur analysis</li>
<li>High Sensitivity Method setup for NCS analysis</li>
<li>Analysis setup and data evaluation using Thermo Scientific Qtegra ISDS Software</li>
<li>Maintenance procedures for the EA IsoLink IRMS system</li>
</ul>
Who should join:
<ul>
<li>Scientists and chemists interested in elemental analysis </li>
<li>Lab managers and analysts that have analytical challenges in CNS elemental analysis of collagen samples or similar</li>
<li>Research laboratories that want to learn about expending their analytical capabilities</li>
</ul>
Can&#39;t join at this time? Register anyway to receive a link to the recording to watch at your convenience
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Presenter: Dr. Meike Fischer (Product Specialist, EA-IRMS, Thermo Fisher Scientific)
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After completing her PhD at the Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, in collaboration with the Geoscience Center Göttingen, Germany, Meike joined Thermo Fisher Scientific, Bremen in 2021 as a Product Evaluation Specialist and supported development of the new software for gas IRMS – Thermo Scientific Qtegra ISDS Software. Since 2022 Meike has taken on a Product Specialist role focusing on elemental analyzer instrumentation and gas equilibration analysis, developing applications and methods for isotope analysis in a variety of fields.
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Thermo Fisher Scientific: Improved EA-IRMS NCS workflow for archaeology and ecology applications

Improved EA-IRMS NCS workflow for archaeology and ecology applications

Optimized Thermo Scientific EA IsoLink System with the new High Performance Kit for sulfur analysis to allow for high precision and accuracy NCS analysis.

EA-IRMS NCS for archaeology and ecology applications

<div><div container-id="cq-colctrl-lt0" comp-id="A1"><div>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent industrial fluorinated compounds harmful to human and ecosystem health. PFAS contamination is a significant environmental issue, with these substances found globally, from tap water to remote locations. Identifying PFAS sources is challenging due to diverse manufacturing processes and environmental pathways.While stable isotopic analysis has been applied to study the source and fate of micropollutants in the environment in the past, recent developments in Thermo Scientific Orbitrap-based isotope ratio mass spectrometry (Orbitrap-IRMS) have unlocked a unique opportunity for more comprehensive isotopic approach to study source apportionment and track degradation of PFAS.Join our experts in exploring how Orbitrap-IRMS overcomes challenges of classical PFAS isotopic characterization and provides a framework for studying PFAS source apportionment both in controlled settings and in the environment.<h5>Webinar highlights:</h5><ul><li>Understanding isotopic analysis: why and how stable isotopic analyses are used to study the source and fate of micropollutants in the environment</li><li>Benefits of Orbitrap-IRMS: how Orbitrap-based IRMS technology allows deriving intramolecular isotopic information faster and with less sample</li><li>Isotope fingerprinting of PFAS: Newly developed method for determining the stable carbon isotopic composition (δ13C) of PFOA</li><li>Source apportionment framework: δ13C of PFOA allow separating multiple lots of the PFOA from one supplier from one another</li></ul>Don’t miss this opportunity to explore the future of PFAS source apportionment. Register now!<blockquote>Presenter: Dr. Paul K. Wojtal (Postdoctoral Scholar, Center for Marine Science, University of North Carolina Wilmington)Paul is a graduate of Brown University (Sc.B. in Chemistry, 2016) and the University of Miami (Ph.D. in Oceanography, 2024). His undergraduate thesis and Ph.D. dissertation both employed classical isotopic analysis techniques to study environmental problems. In his postdoctoral research, he has transitioned to using the Orbitrap-IRMS platform to study PFAS in a wide range of environments.Presenter: Dr. Brett Davidheiser (IRMS Application Scientist, Thermo Fisher Scientific)Brett has a wide experience in isotope ratio mass spectrometry from his PhD at the University of Glasgow, running a stable isotope lab at CU Boulder, to his work at Thermo Fisher Scientific as applications scientist. He is currently involved in helping new users come up to speed with Thermo Scientific Orbitrap Exploris Isotope Solutions for natural abundance isotope ratio analysis.</blockquote></div></div></div>

Thermo Fisher Scientific: Differentiating PFAS sources using Orbitrap-IRMS

Differentiating PFAS sources using Orbitrap-IRMS

Learn how Orbitrap-IRMS advances PFAS isotopic analysis, enabling precise source apportionment and degradation studies with improved isotope fingerprinting.

ICPMS webinars focusing on IRMS - page 1