<p><strong>This study examines the combustion behavior of B4C/Bi2O3 pyrotechnic delay compositions as sustainable alternatives to conventional materials. Thermodynamic modeling and experimental testing were used to evaluate the influence of compaction pressure, particle size, and granule size on burning performance.</strong></p><p>Results showed that increased compaction reduced burning rates by lowering porosity and shifting combustion from convective to conductive mechanisms. Residue and gas analyses supported a multistage reaction pathway, demonstrating the potential of B4C/Bi2O3 formulations for environmentally improved pyrotechnic applications.</p><blockquote><h4><strong>The original article</strong></h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10964"><strong>Sustainable Pyrotechnics: Combustion Behavior of B<sub>4</sub>C/Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> for Delay Compositions</strong></a></h4><p>Danillo F. Vianna Cantini, Vojtěch Pelikán*, Eva Schmidová, Jiří Pachman</p><p>ACS Omega 2026, 11, 3, 4668–4683</p><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c10964">https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c10964</a></p><h6>licensed under <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><strong>CC-BY 4.0</strong></a></h6></blockquote><p><strong>Selected sections from the article follow. Formats and hyperlinks were adapted from the original.</strong></p><div><p>Pyrotechnic delay compositions are formulations designed to create a specific delay time, determined primarily by their burning rate. These compositions are essential in timing energetic events and are used extensively in both civilian and military applications. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(1)</a> This broad usage leads to diverse motivations for studying such materials. In civilian contexts, such as mining, the focus is typically on safety and cost-effectiveness. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(2)</a> For military purposes, reliability and precision are key factors, often with stringent performance requirements. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(3)</a></p><p>Pyrotechnic delay compositions are classified based on their combustion behavior into gassy or gasless types. In confined, sealed and obturated environments, gasless compositions are favored, to avoid gas buildup. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(1,4)</a> However, in unconfined or vented systems, gassy compositions are not problematic. For example, in fireworks, where combustion gases freely dissipate, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(1)</a> or in vented housings like hand grenades or signaling devices, gassy delays are acceptable. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(5,6)</a></p><p>In gassy compositions, the burning rate is influenced by the loading (or consolidation) pressure. Hot gases generated by the chemical reaction penetrate gas channels (voids) in the material, igniting unreacted material through a process known as convective heating. As loading pressure increases, these voids are gradually reduced, which diminishes convection and subsequently lowers the burning rate. In contrast, for gasless compositions, burning is driven by conductive heating, where heat is transferred through direct particle-to-particle contact, leading to the opposite effect. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(7−9)</a></p><p>Historically, up until World War II, black powder served as the foundation for most delay elements. Nowadays, it continues to be utilized for this function and others, but on smaller scales. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(1)</a> Some more recent and traditional formulations for pyrotechnic compositions include fuels like silicon, boron, tungsten, zinc, iron, zirconium, and manganese. Examples of these are Si/Pb3O<sub>4</sub>, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(8,10)</a> B/BaCrO<sub>4</sub> <a href="javascript:void(0);">(8)</a>, W/BaCrO<sub>4</sub>/KClO<sub>4</sub>, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(5,6,11)</a> Zn/PbO<sub>2</sub>, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(12)</a> Fe/BaO<sub>2</sub>, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(13)</a> Zr/KClO<sub>4</sub>, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(8)</a> and Mn/PbCrO<sub>4</sub>/BaCrO<sub>4</sub>. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(14)</a></p><p>Currently, researchers are actively developing several new formulations for pyrotechnic delays. One of the main motivations for this is the need to transform these compositions into “greener” ones. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(1,2)</a> This means that compositions that could cause problems for the environment or human health should be avoided. To achieve this sustainability, the identification and replacement of known or potentially harmful, toxic, and carcinogenic compounds is vital. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(10)</a> Heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants, toxic gases, volatile organic compounds and known causers of human health problems are examples of such substances to be removed. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(2,5,15)</a></p><p>Specifically, there are several attempts to replace lead, barium, chromates, and perchlorates. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(15)</a> The reason is that most of the established delay formulations used today contain these substances. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(2,5)</a> Lead, barium and chromium (contained in chromates) are heavy metals and are known to cause serious health problems in human, specially to nervous, cardiovascular and respiratory systems. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(5,16)</a> Perchlorates are well-documented substances and are used in various pyrotechnic applications. However, they are widely recognized as contributors to thyroid issues. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(5)</a></p><p>From the above, it is clear that modern strategies in pyrotechnics are increasingly focused on developing new materials that prioritize both efficiency and sustainability. This shift imposes numerous restrictions, meaning that formulations must be designed with precise planning and thorough investigation to meet both performance and environmental standards.</p><p>Boron could be considered the ideal fuel for pyrotechnic reactions due to its high energy content. However, it presents combustion issues for its limited reactivity due to boron oxide layer and boron agglomerates formation upon heating. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(17)</a> The boron oxide layer acts as a barrier, hindering oxygen (O) diffusion and consequently limiting the oxidation of boron. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(18)</a></p><p>Boron carbide (B<sub>4</sub>C) is a natural candidate for combustion processes due to its lower ignition point, which is attributed to its higher reactivity. This reactivity stems from the diffusion of carbon (C) particles, which oxidize into gaseous products. These gaseous products create diffusion channels that penetrate the boron oxide layer, breaking down the layer and agglomerates, thereby further improving the reaction. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(18,19)</a> B<sub>4</sub>C presents better combustion properties, with better burning stability and reliable self-propagation, resulting in better combustion efficiency. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(17)</a></p><p>Bismuth trioxide (Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) is an attractive oxidizer for pyrotechnic delay compositions due to several advantageous properties. Its high oxygen content and efficient oxygen release facilitate sustained combustion, while its favorable thermal properties, including a relatively low melting and decomposition temperature, ensure that oxygen is available at precisely the right moment to support a controlled reaction. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(20)</a> Additionally, Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> high density allows for compact formulations, promoting consistent and reliable burn rates. Also, it has a low heat of formation (approximately −582 kJ/mol), which is crucial to minimize the energy required to initiate its decomposition. This enhances the overall reaction efficiency, allowing Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> to rapidly release oxygen without consuming excessive energy, thus ensuring sustainable and stable combustion. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(8)</a></p><p>In addition to their technical advantages, Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and B<sub>4</sub>C offer a significant environmental benefit: they are considered more eco-friendly compared to other materials commonly used in pyrotechnic compositions. Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> serves as a less toxic alternative to traditional oxidizers like lead-based compounds, reducing the risk of environmental contamination and exposure to harmful heavy metals. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(1,8,16)</a> Similarly, B<sub>4</sub>C contributes to cleaner combustion, producing fewer pollutants and minimizing the environmental impact. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(5)</a> This makes both materials not only effective but also greener choices for sustainable pyrotechnic applications.</p><h4><strong>2. Experimental Section</strong></h4><h5><strong>2.8. Material Characterization</strong></h5><p>Particle and granule size distribution were measured with a <strong>Malvern Mastersizer 3000</strong> (Malvern Panalytical). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was carried out with a <strong>TESCAN MIRA</strong> (TESCAN) to examine morphology and confirm particle size. A 40 cm<sup>3</sup> combustion chamber was used to analyze pressure profile, quantify solid residues, and collect combustion gases for further analysis. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was performed using a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2392"><strong>Nicolet iS50 FT-IR</strong></a> (Thermo Scientific) and standardized nitrogen (N<sub>2</sub>) background to identify gas-phase products. Thermal stability and water content assessments were conducted using <strong>TGA</strong> (NETZSCH TG 209 F3 Tarsus) and <strong>DSC</strong> (NETZSCH DSC 200 F3 Maia). Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) was performed using a <strong>Bruker Quantax 200</strong> (Bruker) for semiquantitative chemical composition analysis of the combustion residues. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were performed using a Rigaku MiniFlex diffractometer for complementary phase identification, while surface chemical states were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) using a Scienta Omicron ESCA2SR system.</p><h4><strong>3. Results and Discussion</strong></h4><h5><strong>3.7. FTIR Analysis of Combustion Gases</strong></h5><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10964#fig10">Figure 10</a> compares the FTIR spectra of combustion chamber gases from stoichiometric (blue) and fuel-rich (red) tests, highlighting CO and CO<sub>2</sub> as the main species, consistent with Horiuchi. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(18)</a> Normalizing their absorbance to concentration using standard references yielded CO<sub>2</sub>/CO ratios of 0.67 (stoichiometric) and 0.34 (fuel-rich). However, a quantitative analysis is approximate and inherently imprecise, as potential contamination during gas collection and measurement could affect the results, given the challenge of maintaining a completely controlled internal atmosphere. A small fraction of hydrocarbon species (e.g., CH<sub>4</sub>, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>, and C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>) was also identified in both samples.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ACS_Omega_2026_11_3_4668_4683_Figure_10_Comparative_FTIR_spectra_of_combustion_gas_compositions_in_a_combustion_chamber_ac7b7daf84.jpg" alt="ACS Omega 2026, 11, 3, 4668–4683: Figure 10. Comparative FTIR spectra of combustion gas compositions in a combustion chamber." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ACS_Omega_2026_11_3_4668_4683_Figure_10_Comparative_FTIR_spectra_of_combustion_gas_compositions_in_a_combustion_chamber_ac7b7daf84.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1956" height="989"></p><p>While experimental results indicate a higher CO<sub>2</sub> presence than predicted, the overall trend aligns with expectations─higher fuel content shifts combustion products toward less oxidized species. Notably, the identified gaseous products are relatively simple and exhibit low toxicity compared to halogenated or metal-containing species commonly found in traditional pyrotechnic formulations, supporting the potential of this system as a more environmentally friendly alternative.</p><p>Since the reaction involves both condensed-phase reactants and products, characterizing the solid residues is essential to evaluate the extent of reaction and gain insight into the actual progression of the reaction pathway. For this, SEM imaging and EDS analysis were employed to investigate the morphology and elemental composition of the combustion residues.</p><h5><strong>3.8. SEM and EDS of Burning Residues</strong></h5><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10964#fig11">Figure 11</a> presents the SEM analysis of solid residues from the combustion of B4. <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acsomega.5c10964/suppl_file/ao5c10964_si_001.pdf">Figure S5</a> exhibits images of the other samples. <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10964#fig11">Figure 11</a>a shows the top view of the burned delay element, revealing the distribution of residues across the surface, while <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10964#fig11">Figure 11</a>b provides a magnified view of a region rich in bright spherical structures. These spheres are likely bismuth that transitioned through a liquid or gaseous phase during the reaction and solidified upon cooling. This phenomenon of spherical formation due to phase transition is well-documented in the literature. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(33)</a></p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ACS_Omega_2026_11_3_4668_4683_Figure_11_SEM_analysis_of_B4_after_burning_8fc7a8f520.jpg" alt="ACS Omega 2026, 11, 3, 4668–4683: Figure 11. SEM analysis of B4 after burning: (a) top view (50 ×) of the burned delay element showing the distribution of solid residues across the surface; (b) magnified view (1 k×) of a region rich in bright spherical structures." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ACS_Omega_2026_11_3_4668_4683_Figure_11_SEM_analysis_of_B4_after_burning_8fc7a8f520.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="2092" height="831"></p><h5><strong>3.10. Surface Chemistry of Combustion Residues (XPS)</strong></h5><p>Survey spectrum scans identified the main photoelectron lines corresponding to carbon, oxygen, boron, and bismuth. High-resolution scans for the O 1s, C 1s, B 1s, and Bi 4f regions of B4 are presented in <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10964#fig19">Figure 19</a>, allowing detailed peak deconvolution and chemical assignment.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ACS_Omega_2026_11_3_4668_4683_Figure_19_XPS_high_resolution_spectra_of_O_1s_C_1s_B_1s_and_Bi_4f_regions_for_B4_5c6064d013.jpg" alt="ACS Omega 2026, 11, 3, 4668–4683: Figure 19. XPS high-resolution spectra of O 1s, C 1s, B 1s, and Bi 4f regions for B4." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ACS_Omega_2026_11_3_4668_4683_Figure_19_XPS_high_resolution_spectra_of_O_1s_C_1s_B_1s_and_Bi_4f_regions_for_B4_5c6064d013.jpg 214w," sizes="100vw" width="2049" height="1498"></p><p>The analysis confirmed B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> as a major surface product and indicated the presence of unreacted B<sub>4</sub>C in the B4 sample through B–C bonds. sp<sup>2</sup> carbon was also detected in B4, suggesting possible graphite formation, as predicted in thermodynamic calculations. A2 showed more Bi<sup>3+</sup> than B4, supporting that the stoichiometric composition had more residual Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, while the fuel-rich B4 sample promoted greater reduction to Bi<sup>0</sup>. The presence of Bi<sup>3+</sup> on the surface observed may result from postcombustion reoxidation of Bi<sup>0</sup>. These results reinforce the proposed reaction pathway and the role of fuel excess in enhancing reaction completeness. In this analysis, the B 1s spectrum further confirms the absence of BN by the lack of B–N peaks, consistent with the EDS results, which also revealed no detectable nitrogen signal.</p><p>All experimental findings contribute to the fundamental understanding of boron carbide and bismuth oxide reactions under both basic and applied conditions, particularly in delay compositions. These results provide new insights into the reaction pathway and the underlying combustion mechanism.</p><h4><strong>4. Conclusions</strong></h4><p>Stoichiometric formulations of B<sub>4</sub>C/Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, which ignited when not pressed, failed to burn after being lightly compacted; a fuel-rich composition is necessary to ensure combustion. The fuel-rich compositions ignited readily and maintained combustion without quenching. Water facilitated the granulation process and improved the final composition. With increasing loading pressure, burning rates decrease due to reduced convective heat transfer, leading the combustion process to transition toward a conductive regime. Particle size also impacted combustion, particularly with larger Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> particles, which influenced the combustion profile up to a certain threshold. Additionally, the granule size of the final composition was found to alter the burning behavior, with larger granules promoting faster combustion at lower pressures.</p><p>Thermodynamic calculations provided an initial insight into the reaction process. The findings show that the reaction progresses through distinct stages: starting in a solid–solid preignition phase, transitioning to a solid–liquid phase as components melt, and culminating in a gas phase marked by significant product volatilization, illustrating a complete combustion evolution.</p><p>FTIR analysis confirmed that the main gaseous products are CO and CO<sub>2</sub>, indicating reduced environmental toxicity. Elemental and phase analyses confirmed that the reaction followed the expected pathway, with Bi and B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> as the predominant products. No Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> was detected by XRD, indicating that the oxidizer was fully consumed in the bulk. Morphological analysis of the products suggests that, upon cooling, bismuth solidifies into small metallic spheres, while surface analysis indicates that B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> remains predominantly in the outer layer. Altogether, the results are consistent and complementary, reinforcing the reliability and scientific rigor of the study.</p><p>All these observations accentuate the necessity of conducting experiments under application-specific conditions. These findings not only enhance our understanding of the combustion dynamics of low toxicity B<sub>4</sub>C/Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> mixtures but also underscore their potential for practical applications requiring precise delay times and environmental sustainability. The successful use of water as a green solvent further highlights the viability of developing sustainable pyrotechnic compositions. This research advances the field by providing valuable insights into optimizing performance while minimizing environmental impact through careful material selection and process control.</p></div>

Sustainable Pyrotechnics: Combustion Behavior of B4C/Bi2O3 for Delay Compositions

<p><strong>In the week from May 11, the following webinars await you in the field of atomic and molecular spectroscopy and spectrometry</strong></p><blockquote><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinars"><strong>👉 DETAILS AND REGISTRATION IN THE WEBINARS SECTION</strong></a></h4><p><strong>👉 Search and filter in the largest global database</strong> with over <strong>5 500 GC, LC, MS and spectroscopy webinars</strong>.</p></blockquote><h5><strong>1. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Uncovering Microplastics: Identification, Quantification, and Exposure Assessment</strong></h5><ul><li>Tu, 12.5.2026 08:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6136">Registration</a></li></ul><p>In this webinar, we will explore complementary analytical solutions for comprehensive microplastics characterization.</p><h5><strong>2. SPECTRO Analytical Instruments: Elemental Analysis of Superalloys: Ensuring Performance in Extreme Applications</strong></h5><ul><li>Tu, 12.5.2026 10:30 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6170">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Learn how accurate elemental analysis ensures superalloy performance, with OES and XRF solutions for reliable quality control from lab to field.</p><h5><strong>3. Agilent Technologies: What have you been smoking? Elemental Analysis in Cannabis and Cannabis Products with ICP-MS</strong></h5><ul><li>Tu, 12.5.2026 20:30 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6063">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Learn how automated calibration and dilution streamline ICP-MS food testing workflows, improving accuracy, traceability, and productivity while addressing rare-earth doubly charged interferences.</p><h5><strong>4. AZoM: Faster REE Exploration Decisions with XRF Technology Explained</strong></h5><ul><li>We, 13.5.2026 16:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6195">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Join the webinar to see how handheld XRF provides a significant advantage in today's fast-paced REE landscape.</p><h5><strong>5. Bruker: Advancing Industrial Metrology Automation with Bruker's Dimension AFMs</strong></h5><ul><li>We, 13.5.2026 17:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6172">Registration</a></li></ul><p>This webinar will explore how Dimension AFM platforms support increasing levels of automation, from scripted measurements to data-driven control.</p><h5><strong>6. Anton Paar: Polymer Rheology: Impact of Humidity on Material Behavior</strong></h5><ul><li>We, 13.5.2026 18:00 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/5801">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Discover how humidity impacts polymers and soft materials. Learn how moisture alters rheology, tackiness, curing, and flowability through real case studies across films, adhesives, foods, and powders.</p><h5><strong>7. LECO: TOC Determination in Soil and Waste</strong></h5><ul><li>Th, 14.5.2026 14:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6038">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Join this webinar to explore modern methods for TOC determination in soils and waste. Learn how standardized approaches, instrumentation, and method selection influence data quality and regulatory compliance.</p>

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<p><strong>Routine chemical analysis typically involves several steps, e.g. selection of procedure, sampling, sample preparation, measurement, result calculation, uncertainty estimation, and reporting to customer. Based on the result, important decisions and actions are taken. The steps before and after the measurement are often referred to as “pre- and post-analytical”. There are many sources of uncertainty associated with this work, some of which can actually limit the overall quality.&nbsp;</strong></p><p><strong>Proficiency testing (PT)</strong> and external quality assessment <strong>(EQA) schemes</strong> are effective means of assessing the quality of routine analyses. However, if there are specific procedures, either before or after the measurement, which are applied to the routine samples, but not to the PT test sample, the result reflects only the quality of part of the measurement process. Pre- and post-analytical PT/ EQA schemes are already widely used in laboratory medicine. The standard ISO 15189, that underpins accreditation of medical laboratories, stresses that EQA schemes should “... <i>have the effect of checking the entire process including pre- and post-examination procedures</i> ...”&nbsp;</p><p>The examples in this leaflet illustrate the potential and importance of pre- and post-analytical PT/EQA. They are intended as an inspiration for the providers to further develop their external quality control activities.</p><h4><strong>Pre- and post-analytical PT/EQA – a means for harmonisation&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>By illustrating, e.g. lack of adherence to guidelines, or variation in sample preparation, or inconsistency in interpretation, pre- and post-analytical PT/EQA schemes pinpoint problems not apparent in other schemes. This may lead to improved harmonisation and changes to guidelines and standards.</p><h4><strong>Example 1: Interpreting clinical chemistry information&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>Patient background information together with analytical results can be used to check agreement of interpretational advice given by medical doctors. This type of scheme can, therefore, include both pre- and post-analytical aspects. The provider, e.g. through an expert group, ranks the quality of participants’ response and suggestions, and presents them in the report with comments.</p><h4><strong>Example 2: Sampling requests in microbiology&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>Using the scenario of food poisoning, pre- &amp; post-analytical aspects of sampling requests in a microbiology scheme can be highlighted. The provider gives information about food type, symptoms, and incubation time with a simulated sample. Participants choose which organism(s) to test for. The associated laboratory work involves examination of samples, report on method(s) of choice and results. Participants could, e.g. be asked to specify which toxins or pathogens are likely to cause the food poisoning and state whether or not they will disseminate information, e.g. to hospitals or food suppliers. The feedback report would then show the results of each participant together with the comments of the provider.&nbsp;</p><h4><strong>Example 3: Toy testing&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>Faulty design, usage and chance play a role in injury and death incidents related to children’s toys. Toy safety is the practice of ensuring that toys are safe, usually through the application of set safety standards. The PT provider sources a toy, performs visual assessment of its homogeneity, and distributes the samples. Participants are requested to assess the toy against the European standard EN 71 and they have to decide which clauses of the standard apply. The clauses chosen define the test(s) to be carried out. The feedback report will contain a “<strong>model answer</strong>” including clauses, tests and labeling requirements (when applicable).&nbsp;</p><h4><strong>Example 4: Monitoring drinking water quality&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>A post-analytical application can be underpinned by legislation and national regulations (Directive 98/83/EC). Participants receive a synthetic drinking water sample with properties close to one or more limiting values. They are requested to deliver results, uncertainties and a “pass/fail” recommendation to the customer. The recommendations of the provider are listed in the feedback report for educational purposes. Information can be fed back also to regulators to serve, e.g. as basis for further discussions.&nbsp;</p><blockquote><h5><strong>More information / further reading&nbsp;</strong></h5><p>Information about PT providers and schemes can be obtained from your national accreditation body, from the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.eptis.org/"><strong>EPTIS website</strong></a> or from other national or international organisations.</p></blockquote>

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<header><h4><strong>Discover the Most Important Techniques for the Thermal Characterization of Food Products</strong></h4></header><main><div><div><h5><strong>Program</strong></h5><ul><li>Regulatory food standards and guidelines</li><li>Thermal analysis techniques (DSC, TOA, TGA, TMA, DMA, and DP)</li><li>Food applications</li><li>Techniques and field of application</li><li>Interactive Q&amp;A session</li></ul></div></div><div><div><div><p>Food plays a vital role beyond simply providing essential nutrients and nourishment—it is a pathway to good health. This evolving perspective has opened up new frontiers in food science, food technology, and the analytical testing of food products and ingredients.</p><p>Join our upcoming webinar to discover how thermal analysis techniques can be applied to investigate the properties of various food products and packaging throughout processing, storage, and quality control. We will showcase applications relevant to multiple segments of the food industry.</p><p><strong>Secure you spot now and don’t miss the opportunity to ask our experts your questions!</strong></p><h4><strong>Food: A Highly Regulated Industry</strong></h4><p>Food products have a direct impact on public health. As a result, international and national regulations mandate specific testing methods to ensure these sensitive products meet strict quality and safety standards. Thermal analysis is one such essential technique, playing a crucial role in characterizing a wide range of foods and packaging materials across various segments of the industry.</p><h4><strong>Important Thermal Analysis Techniques for the Food Industry</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>DSC:</strong> Important for determining melting behavior, used also for the heat of fusion, purity, polymorphism, glass transition, and oxidation stability.</li><li><strong>TGA:</strong> Mainly used to study evaporation, desorption &amp; vaporization behavior, thermal stability, kinetics of decomposition, and composition analysis.</li><li><strong>TOA: </strong>In this technique, visual observation is used to investigate melting behavior and polymorphism.</li><li><strong>TMA:</strong> Typically used to study expansion and shrinkage behavior of packaging films, as well as glass transition.</li><li><strong>DMA: </strong>This is the most sensitive method used for investigating glass transition.</li></ul><h4><strong>Typical Applications</strong></h4><p>Common applications include protein denaturization of dry milk powder (DSC), moisture content in edible oils (TGA), and the softening/melting of multilayer packaging film (TMA). However, the potential uses of thermal analysis techniques in the food industry are diverse and extensive!&nbsp;</p></div><div><div data-advanced-option="false" data-has-preview-image="false" data-video-id="" data-component-id="2110920040"><div style="max-width:1px;width:100%;" id="mediaContainerWrapper_2110920040"><div style="height:1px;width:1px;" data-external-url="" id="mediaContainer_2110920040" data-advanced-option="false" data-width="1" data-height="1" data-video-id="">&nbsp;</div></div></div></div></div></div></main><div><div><div data-advanced-option="false" data-has-preview-image="false" data-video-id="" data-component-id="2110920040"><blockquote><div><strong>Presenter: </strong>Dr. Teresa Dennenwaldt</div><p>Dr. Teresa Dennenwaldt obtained her PhD in chemistry in 2013 and completed a postdoc at the Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland in the field of electron microscopy and spectroscopy. In 2018, she joined METTLER TOLEDO as an application specialist for Thermal Analysis. In her current position, she expertly uses, teaches, and supports DSC, TGA, TMA, and DMA instruments at the METTLER TOLEDO head office in Switzerland.</p></blockquote></div></div></div>

Mettler Toledo: Thermal Analysis in the Food Industry

Thermal Analysis in the Food Industry

Join this webinar to learn key thermal analysis techniques for food products and packaging, regulatory requirements, and real-world food industry applications.

<header><h4><strong>Discover Useful Applications for Characterizing These Unique Materials</strong></h4></header><main><div><div><h5><strong>Program</strong></h5><ul><li>Introduction to nanomaterials</li><li>Basic properties and uses</li><li>Relevant thermal analysis techniques</li><li>Industries and suitable investigations</li><li>Application examples for industry and research (DSC, Flash DSC, TGA, and DMA)</li><li>Interactive Q&amp;A session</li></ul></div></div><div><div><div><p>Nanomaterials exhibit unique and diverse properties that enable a wide range of innovative applications. Their unique properties enhance catalysis, improve mechanical strength, and can even provide antibacterial effects in clothing. Their nanoscale size facilitates nucleation and also influences magnetic behavior.</p><p>Understanding the behavior of nanomaterials is crucial for harnessing their unique properties. This knowledge enables their use in advanced materials and innovative technological applications.</p><p><strong>Join our live webinar to explore how thermal analysis techniques can reveal the unique properties of nanomaterials.</strong></p><p>Be sure to prepare your questions for the live Q&amp;A with our experts!</p><h4><strong>Thermal Analysis Techniques for Characterizing Nanomaterials</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>DSC and Flash DSC</strong> are important techniques used to determine the glass transition, melting, crystallization behavior, reaction enthalpies and kinetics, and the influence of nanoparticle fillers.</li><li><strong>TGA</strong> is used to investigate stability, decomposition behavior and water sorption of nanomaterials.</li><li><strong>DMA</strong> is useful for characterizing the influence of nanoparticles on the mechanical behavior of viscoelastic materials as a function of time, temperature, and frequency of an oscillating stress.</li></ul><p>Don't miss the chance to deepen your understanding of thermal analysis techniques for characterizing these unique materials. Reserve your spot today!</p><h4><strong>Properties and Uses of Nanomaterials</strong></h4><p>The unique properties of nanomaterials enable diverse applications. For example, due to their high surface area, inefficient or unfavorable chemical reactions can often be improved by nanoparticle <strong>catalysts</strong>. When integrated into bulk materials, nanoparticles can <strong>tailor mechanical properties</strong> for advanced performance. Silver nanoparticles impart <strong>antibacterial qualities to clothing</strong>, preventing odors by eliminating bacteria. Additionally, their nanoscale size facilitates <strong>nucleation</strong>, aiding crystallization of larger molecules that would otherwise have difficulty crystallizing on their own.</p><p>Other uses of nanomaterials include structures such as <strong>silica gels </strong>and <strong>molecular sieves</strong> that have functional geometries on a nanoscale. Magnetic behavior can also vary with nanoparticle size, influencing <strong>magnetization dynamics</strong>.</p><p>These fascinating characteristics make nanomaterials pivotal in cutting-edge technology and materials science.&nbsp;</p></div><div><div data-advanced-option="false" data-has-preview-image="false" data-video-id="" data-component-id="2110920040"><div style="max-width:1px;width:100%;" id="mediaContainerWrapper_2110920040"><div style="height:1px;width:1px;" data-external-url="" id="mediaContainer_2110920040" data-advanced-option="false" data-width="1" data-height="1" data-video-id="">&nbsp;</div></div></div></div></div></div></main><div><div><div data-advanced-option="false" data-has-preview-image="false" data-video-id="" data-component-id="2110920040"><blockquote><div><strong>Presenter: </strong>Nicolas Fedelich</div><p>With a background in chemical engineering, Nicolas joined METTLER TOLEDO in 2009 as an application specialist for thermal analysis. Before that, he gained expertise in different laboratories implementing, developing, and validating analytical methods in both the pharmaceutical and environmental fields. Nicolas also worked for three years in the field carrying out on-site customer training and providing expert thermal analysis application support. In his present position, Nicolas expertly uses, teaches, and supports DSC, TGA, TMA, and DMA instruments at the METTLER TOLEDO head office in Switzerland.</p></blockquote></div></div></div>

Mettler Toledo: Thermal Analysis of Nanomaterials

Thermal Analysis of Nanomaterials

Join our live webinar to explore how thermal analysis techniques can reveal the unique properties of nanomaterials.

<header><h4><strong>A Guide to Choosing the Optimal Crucible for Your Experiment</strong></h4></header><main><div><div><h5><strong>Program</strong></h5><ul><li>Introduction to thermal analysis crucibles</li><li>DSC crucibles and application examples</li><li>TGA crucibles and application examples</li><li>Tips and hints for selecting the right crucible</li><li>Interactive Q&amp;A session</li></ul></div></div><div><div><div><p>Selecting the right crucible for your application can be a complex process, given the wide range of products available. Making the right choice, however, is essential for obtaining accurate results and protecting your thermal analysis module.</p><p>Using several practical examples for differential scanning calorimetry (<strong>DSC</strong>) and thermogravimetric analysis (<strong>TGA</strong>), this webinar helps you navigate through the many different choices, giving you confidence in your results.</p><p>After the presentation, you will have the opportunity to join the live Q&amp;A session with our experienced METTLER TOLEDO application specialists. &nbsp;</p><p>Want to learn more? Register for our webinar today!</p><h4><strong>Why Using the Right Crucible Is Essential</strong></h4><p>Often, the difference between an accurate and a flawed result has nothing to do with the measuring device, but rather the type of crucible used. For example:</p><ul><li>Crucible material, size, quality, and lids must be carefully selected, according to the application.</li><li>A smooth, flat base is critical to ensure perfect contact with the sample and optimal heat transfer.</li></ul><p>Join our live webinar and discover useful tips and hints on how to select the correct crucible for different types of DSC and TGA applications</p><p><strong>Don’t forget to prepare your questions for the live Q&amp;A with our experts!</strong></p></div><div><div data-advanced-option="false" data-has-preview-image="false" data-video-id="" data-component-id="2110920040"><div style="max-width:1px;width:100%;" id="mediaContainerWrapper_2110920040"><div style="height:1px;width:1px;" data-external-url="" id="mediaContainer_2110920040" data-advanced-option="false" data-width="1" data-height="1" data-video-id="">&nbsp;</div></div></div></div></div></div></main><div><div><div data-advanced-option="false" data-has-preview-image="false" data-video-id="" data-component-id="2110920040"><blockquote><div><strong>Presenter: </strong>Angela Hammer (Dr. sc. nat. ETH)</div><p>Dr. Angela Hammer received a Ph.D. in Analytical Chemistry (development of immobilized components for the use in ion-selective electrodes based on polyurethane membranes) from the Institute of Organic Chemistry at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich, Switzerland. She then joined Sika Technology AG in Zurich, Switzerland, as an analytical chemist. In 2007, she joined METTLER TOLEDO and has worked there since as an application specialist for Thermal Analysis. In her present position, she uses, teaches, and supports DSC, TGA, TMA, and DMA instruments for the METTLER TOLEDO’s Materials Characterization Group located at the head office in Switzerland.</p></blockquote></div></div></div>

Mettler Toledo: Crucible Selection for Thermal Analysis

Crucible Selection for Thermal Analysis

Join our live webinar and discover useful tips and hints on how to select the correct crucible for different types of DSC and TGA applications

<header><h4><strong>Useful Techniques for Identification and Characterization</strong></h4></header><main><div><div><h5><strong>Program</strong></h5><ul><li>What are thermosets? Basic properties and formation</li><li>Thermal analysis techniques for studying thermosets</li><li>Application examples using DSC, TGA, TMA, and DMA</li><li>Which technique should be used in your analysis?</li><li>Interactive Q&amp;A session</li></ul></div></div><div><div><div><p>A thermoset is a polymer that undergoes a particular chemical reaction, known as curing, to form a permanent, heavily cross-linked structure. The material cannot be melted or remolded to form a new shape, even at high temperatures. Thermosets are typically rigid and insoluble, with high mechanical strength and temperature stability. Examples include epoxy resins, phenolic resins, polyesters, and polyurethanes.</p><p>Due to their highly temperature-dependent physical behavior, thermal analysis is an ideal set of techniques for identifying and characterizing these materials.</p><p>This webinar discusses the most important thermal properties of thermosets and describes useful thermal analysis techniques used to analyze them.</p><p><strong>Register now to secure your spot and join the live Q&amp;A!</strong></p><h4><strong>How to Characterize Thermosets</strong></h4><p>Different thermal techniques can be used to determine the key properties of these materials:</p><ul><li><strong>DSC:</strong> Useful for determining glass transition, melting, reaction enthalpies, curing and thermal stability.</li><li><strong>TGA:</strong> Mainly used for composition analysis, thermal stability, decomposition, evaporation, and desorption behavior.</li><li><strong>TMA: </strong>Typically used to study mechanical behavior such as expansion, shrinkage, softening, plus glass transition.</li><li><strong>DMA: </strong>Best for studying viscoelastic behavior, glass transition, and frequency-dependent effects.</li></ul><h4><strong>What is a Typical Analysis of a Thermoset?</strong></h4><p>A typical and important analysis of a thermoset is the characterization of epoxy resin materials. In this case, determining the glass transition temperature (Tg) and investigating the curing reaction are highly important. This information can be used in manufacturing, for example testing the process conditions required to properly cure thermosets. It can also be used in quality control, to check the expected Tg of a known material.&nbsp;</p></div><div><div data-advanced-option="false" data-has-preview-image="false" data-video-id="" data-component-id="2110920040"><div style="max-width:1px;width:100%;" id="mediaContainerWrapper_2110920040"><div style="height:1px;width:1px;" data-external-url="" id="mediaContainer_2110920040" data-advanced-option="false" data-width="1" data-height="1" data-video-id="">&nbsp;</div></div></div></div></div></div></main><div><div><div data-advanced-option="false" data-has-preview-image="false" data-video-id="" data-component-id="2110920040"><blockquote><div><strong>Presenter: </strong>Dr. Teresa Dennenwaldt</div><p>Dr. Teresa Dennenwaldt obtained her PhD in chemistry in 2013 and completed a postdoc at the Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland in the field of electron microscopy and spectroscopy. In 2018, she joined METTLER TOLEDO as an application specialist for Thermal Analysis. In her current position, she expertly uses, teaches, and supports DSC, TGA, TMA, and DMA instruments at the METTLER TOLEDO head office in Switzerland.</p></blockquote></div></div></div>

Mettler Toledo: Thermal Analysis of Thermoset Materials

Thermal Analysis of Thermoset Materials

This webinar discusses the most important thermal properties of thermosets and describes useful thermal analysis techniques used to analyze them.

<header><h4><strong>Discover the Secrets of Tire Performance and Safety</strong></h4></header><main><div><div><h5><strong>Program</strong></h5><ul><li>Explore key material properties that define tire performance</li><li>Understand tire design and material formulation</li><li>Discover the thermal analysis techniques driving innovation in the tire industry</li><li>See real-world applications using DSC, Flash DSC, TGA, and DMA</li><li>Participate in a live Q&amp;A session with our experts</li></ul></div></div><div><div><div><p>Modern tires are the result of decades of cutting-edge research, combining synthetic and natural rubber, fabrics, wires, carbon black, and other chemical compounds to deliver safety, comfort, and durability. The tread provides critical traction, while the compressed-air filled body ensures comfort and structural integrity.</p><p>Thermal analysis offers powerful insights into these materials, helping to predict tire behavior, guide compositional analysis, and ensure reliable quality control. Join us to learn how these advanced techniques transform tire research and development.</p><h4><strong>Why Attend This Webinar?</strong></h4><p>This webinar is designed for researchers, engineers, polymer specialists, and quality control professionals eager to deepen their understanding of tire materials through thermal analysis.</p><p><strong>Register now to secure your spot and join the live Q&amp;A!</strong></p><h4><strong>The Tire Tread</strong></h4><p>In direct contact with the road, the composition of the tread material, together with the design of the tread pattern impact rolling resistance, traction, and abrasion resistance. During the webinar we will present how different thermal analysis techniques help optimize these properties.</p><h4><strong>Characterizing Tires with Thermal Analysis</strong></h4><p>Different thermal analysis techniques can be used to determine the key properties of tires, which are critical for safety and performance:</p><ul><li><strong>DSC </strong>measures heat flow of a sample to determine the glass transition temperature (Tg), critical for tire safety across different temperature zones, quality control, and material identification. DSC is also used to understand the crystallization and melting behaviors of tire materials.</li><li><strong>Flash DSC</strong> is an ultra-fast scanning calorimetry technique that reveals crystallization kinetics and polymer microstructure using very high heating rates.</li><li><strong>TGA </strong>measures the change in mass of a sample as it is heated. Key applications for the tire industry are compositional analysis and decomposition behavior.</li><li><strong>DMA</strong> is used to determine dynamic mechanical properties of materials, such as the modulus and damping behavior. It allows critical tire properties, such as rolling resistance or grip, to be directly predicted.</li></ul><p><strong>Don’t miss this opportunity to enhance your knowledge and advance your work with state-of-the-art thermal analysis techniques.</strong></p></div><div><div data-advanced-option="false" data-has-preview-image="false" data-video-id="" data-component-id="2110920040"><div style="max-width:1px;width:100%;" id="mediaContainerWrapper_2110920040"><div style="height:1px;width:1px;" data-external-url="" id="mediaContainer_2110920040" data-advanced-option="false" data-width="1" data-height="1" data-video-id="">&nbsp;</div></div></div></div></div></div></main><div><div><div data-advanced-option="false" data-has-preview-image="false" data-video-id="" data-component-id="2110920040"><blockquote><div><strong>Presenter: </strong>Angela Hammer (Dr. sc. nat. ETH)</div><p>Dr. Angela Hammer received a Ph.D. in Analytical Chemistry (development of immobilized components for the use in ion-selective electrodes based on polyurethane membranes) from the Institute of Organic Chemistry at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich, Switzerland. She then joined Sika Technology AG in Zurich, Switzerland, as an analytical chemist. In 2007, she joined METTLER TOLEDO and has worked there since as an application specialist for Thermal Analysis. In her present position, she uses, teaches, and supports DSC, TGA, TMA, and DMA instruments for the METTLER TOLEDO’s Materials Characterization Group located at the head office in Switzerland.</p></blockquote></div></div></div>

Mettler Toledo: Thermal Analysis of Tires

Thermal Analysis of Tires

Join this webinar to discover how thermal analysis supports tire development, quality control, and safety by characterizing critical rubber and tread properties

<header><h4><strong>Learn Basic DSC Principles and Find Useful Applications for Your Workplace</strong></h4></header><main><div><div><h5><strong>Program</strong></h5><ul><li>Basic principles of DSC with an explanation of power compensation and heat flux modes</li><li>Important components of the DSC measurement cell, the innovative sensor, and modules for specialized applications</li><li>Measurement parameters such as the temperature program and choice of atmosphere</li><li>Why you should use DSC for your analysis</li><li>Application examples for different industries</li><li>Live Q&amp;A session</li></ul></div></div><div><div><div><p><strong>Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)</strong> is used to study the behavior of materials as they respond to a defined temperature program. The technique measures the heat, in mW, absorbed or released by a sample as it is heated, cooled, or held at a constant temperature. Measurement results are presented in the form of a curve, from which the glass transition, crystallization, melting, and many other thermal properties can be determined.</p><p>The DSC technique has applications in a wide range of industries. For example, checking the “fingerprint” of a measurement curve is a common application for quality control purposes. Other applications include investigating the influence of additives or different processing methods on a substance.</p><p>Join our webinar on DSC to gain knowledge and get the opportunity to ask our experts your questions!</p></div><div><div data-advanced-option="false" data-has-preview-image="false" data-video-id="" data-component-id="2110920040"><div style="max-width:1px;width:100%;" id="mediaContainerWrapper_2110920040"><div style="height:1px;width:1px;" data-external-url="" id="mediaContainer_2110920040" data-advanced-option="false" data-width="1" data-height="1" data-video-id="">&nbsp;</div></div></div></div></div></div></main><div><div><div data-advanced-option="false" data-has-preview-image="false" data-video-id="" data-component-id="2110920040"><blockquote><div><strong>Presenter: </strong>Dr. Teresa Dennenwaldt</div><p>Dr. Teresa Dennenwaldt obtained her PhD in chemistry in 2013 and completed a postdoc at the Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland in the field of electron microscopy and spectroscopy. In 2018, she joined METTLER TOLEDO as an application specialist for Thermal Analysis. In her current position, she expertly uses, teaches, and supports DSC, TGA, TMA, and DMA instruments at the METTLER TOLEDO head office in Switzerland.</p></blockquote></div></div></div>

Mettler Toledo: Differential Scanning Calorimetry

Differential Scanning Calorimetry

Join our webinar on DSC to gain knowledge and get the opportunity to ask our experts your questions!

<header><h4><strong>Practical Applications and Tips to Determine the Purity of a Substance</strong></h4></header><main><div><div><h5><strong>Program</strong></h5><ul><li>What does purity mean and how does it impact your products?</li><li>The basics of DSC and the van’t Hoff law for purity analysis</li><li>Advantages of DSC compared to other techniques</li><li>Application examples – real-world purity determinations</li><li>Interactive Q&amp;A with our experts</li></ul></div></div><div><div><div><p>The purity of ingredients, especially in pharmaceuticals and food products, is a critical quality attribute. High impurity levels can affect product efficacy, cause unexpected reactions, or even generate harmful compounds. Therefore, accurate purity determination is essential for the pharmaceutical, food, chemical, and plastics industries.</p><p>In this webinar, we will explain why differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a reliable technique for assessing the purity of organic substances, based on the thermodynamics of eutectic systems.</p><p><strong>Join us to enhance your knowledge, ask us your questions, and discover practical applications for your industry!</strong></p><h4><strong>What You Will Learn from This Webinar</strong></h4><p>In this session, you will learn how DSC is used to determine the purity of organic substances based on the <strong>thermodynamics of a eutectic system</strong>. We explain how the purity of a substance can be determined from a single DSC measurement using the <strong>van’t Hoff equation</strong>. Importantly, DSC purity measurements are rapid and easy to perform.</p><p>This versatile technique can be used across different industries and workplaces, including research and development, industrial synthesis, and quality control. Typical determinations by DSC include:</p><ul><li>Purity of ibuprofen</li><li>Purity of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA)</li><li>Determination of eutectic impurities such as benzoic acid in dimethyl terephthalate (DMT)</li></ul><p>Register for our upcoming live webinar to learn more about using DSC for purity determination. The webinar will conclude with a <strong>live Q&amp;A session</strong>, so get your questions ready!</p></div><div><div data-advanced-option="false" data-has-preview-image="false" data-video-id="" data-component-id="2110920040"><div style="max-width:1px;width:100%;" id="mediaContainerWrapper_2110920040"><div style="height:1px;width:1px;" data-external-url="" id="mediaContainer_2110920040" data-advanced-option="false" data-width="1" data-height="1" data-video-id="">&nbsp;</div></div></div></div></div></div></main><div><div><div data-advanced-option="false" data-has-preview-image="false" data-video-id="" data-component-id="2110920040"><blockquote><div><strong>Presenter: </strong>Nicolas Fedelich</div><p>With a background in chemical engineering, Nicolas joined METTLER TOLEDO in 2009 as an application specialist for thermal analysis. Before that, he gained expertise in different laboratories implementing, developing, and validating analytical methods in both the pharmaceutical and environmental fields. Nicolas also worked for three years in the field carrying out on-site customer training and providing expert thermal analysis application support. In his present position, Nicolas expertly uses, teaches, and supports DSC, TGA, TMA, and DMA instruments at the METTLER TOLEDO head office in Switzerland.</p></blockquote></div></div></div>

Mettler Toledo: Purity Determination by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)

Purity Determination by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)

In this webinar, we will explain why DSC is  reliable technique for assessing purity of organic substances, based on thermodynamics of eutectic systems.

Purity Determination by Differential Scanning Calorimetry

<div><div container-id="cq-colctrl-lt0" comp-id="A1"><div><p><strong>This webinar presents an integrated characterization approach for lithium‑ion battery materials, covering elemental chemistry with electrode microstructure from anode to cathode.</strong></p><p>Attendees will learn about multiple different analyses that can be applied to graphite, lithium iron phosphate (LiFePo4), and lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) materials, including thermogravimetric analysis, combustion-based Carbon and Sulfur analysis, and inert gas fusion for Oxygen and Nitrogen analysis.</p><p>The session also covers metallographic analysis of electrodes on thin Copper and Aluminum foils to support process control and performance optimization.</p><blockquote><p><strong>Presenter: </strong>Aaron Walczewski (Director of Product, LECO Corporation)</p><p><strong>Presenter: </strong>Ariyona Palmer (Application Scientist, LECO Corporation)</p><p><strong>Presenter: </strong>Lauren Heirty (Application Scientist, LECO Corporation)</p></blockquote></div></div></div>

LECO: From Anode to Cathode: Integrated Characterization Solutions for Advanced Battery Materials

From Anode to Cathode: Integrated Characterization Solutions for Advanced Battery Materials

This webinar presents an integrated characterization approach for lithium‑ion battery materials

Solutions for Advanced Battery Materials

<p><strong>Crystallinity strongly affects the mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties of polymer films, yet monitoring it during extrusion is difficult. This work presents an integrated workflow using thermal analysis, Raman spectroscopy, lab‑scale film extrusion, and optical film‑quality inspection to predict and confirm crystallinity and overall product quality in LDPE/PEEK. Thermal analysis provides precise enthalpy of fusion values and baseline crystallinity (typically 35–45%), establishing robust reference data. These values inform calibration of Raman regression models built from C‑H and skeletal vibration bands, enabling rapid, non‑destructive crystallinity forecasting.</strong></p><p>Using <strong>Anton Paar Brabender</strong> extrusion equipment, the Raman model is validated in real time during LDPE/PEEK film production, capturing crystallinity changes such as shear‑induced reductions after extrusion. Complementing this, the Film Quality Analyzer identifies defects including black specks, gels, fisheyes, and holes (ASTM D7310). Together, these tools help polymer scientists enhance film uniformity, prevent defects, and accelerate process optimization.</p><h4><strong>Key Learning Objectives:</strong></h4><p><strong>1. Understand how crystallinity governs polymer film performance</strong></p><ul><li>Viewers will learn why crystallinity is critical for mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties of LDPE/PEEK films and why real‑time monitoring during extrusion is challenging but essential for product quality.</li></ul><p><strong>2. Learn how to quantify crystallinity using thermal and spectroscopic tools</strong></p><ul><li>They will see how thermal analysis establishes accurate baseline crystallinity values and how Raman spectroscopy—calibrated with those values—can rapidly and non‑destructively predict crystallinity in real time.</li></ul><p><strong>3. Discover how to validate crystallinity models during extrusion</strong></p><ul><li>The audience will understand how lab‑scale single‑screw extrusion combined with in‑line Raman analysis tracks crystallinity changes under real processing conditions, including shear‑induced disorder.</li></ul><p><strong>4. Recognize how optical film‑quality analysis ensures defect‑free products</strong></p><ul><li>They will learn how an optical Film Quality Analyzer detects defects such as black specks, gels, fisheyes, and holes, enabling consistent, standards‑based quality control (ASTM D7310).</li></ul><blockquote><p><strong>Speaker: </strong>Christoph Pielen</p><p>After earning his degree from RWTH Aachen University in Germany, Christoph Pielen joined Brabender GmbH in 2012 as an Application Specialist. He later becoming Laboratory Manager and then President of Brabender CWB in the U.S., where he supported ASTM standard development and customer applications. Following Brabender's 2023 acquisition by Anton Paar, Christoph now serves as Lead Scientist for Texture and Extrusion at Anton Paar USA.</p><p>Outside work, Christoph enjoys traveling, skiing, and spending time with his two children, Alexander and Victoria, while pursuing his passion for aviation and space exploration.</p></blockquote>

Anton Paar: From Analysis to Assurance: How Thermal, Raman, and Film Extrusion Techniques Validate Crystallinity and Ensure Polymer Product Quality

From Analysis to Assurance: How Thermal, Raman, and Film Extrusion Techniques Validate Crystallinity and Ensure Polymer Product Quality

Understand how crystallinity governs polymer film performance

Thermal, Raman, and Film Extrusion Techniques

<p><strong>In this webinar, you will learn about the analytical techniques and best practices for testing polymer-based advanced materials, from early R&amp;D through to production quality control. Discover how to leverage both macro- and micro-level IR analysis to optimise formulations and enhance material performance. Learn how to maximise the value of your thermal analysis instrumentation to diagnose production issues, evaluate VOCs, and support reverse‑engineering projects.</strong></p><p>This webinar is highly relevant to key industrial markets working with adhesives, sealants, coatings, paints, and 3D‑printing additives. Technologies covered will include <strong>FTIR, TGA</strong>, and hyphenated techniques such as <strong>TG‑IR and TG‑IR‑GC/MS.</strong></p><p>Join the free webinar with certification of attendance and CPD points now. &nbsp;</p><h4><strong>Attend the Webinar to Learn:</strong>&nbsp;</h4><ul><li>Which analytical techniques and best practices are most effective for characterising polymer‑based advanced materials</li><li>How to apply macro‑ and micro‑level IR analysis, alongside thermal analysis, to optimise formulations, enhance performance properties, and diagnose production issues.</li><li>Benefits of hyphenated techniques (TG‑IR and TG‑IR‑GC/MS) for real‑world applications</li></ul><h4><strong>This Webinar is Ideal For:</strong></h4><ul><li>Materials scientists</li><li>Polymer researchers</li><li>Lab managers</li><li>Meet the Webinar Speakers</li></ul><blockquote><p><strong>Speaker: </strong>Nicholas Lancaster (Application scientist, PerkinElmer)</p><p>Nic is an application scientist in the R&amp;D team at PerkinElmer. With a background in materials characterization using FTIR &amp; UV/Vis spectroscopy, thermal analysis as well as chromatography and mass spectrometry he has been a part of PerkinElmer since 2014. He joined PerkinElmer as a Field Application Scientist (FAS) in South Africa, and now works from the UK developing laboratory workflow solutions for a range of end markets including renewable energy, lubricants, and advanced materials.</p><p><strong>Speaker: </strong>Dr Krystelle Mafina (Product leader, PerkinElmer)</p><p>Krystelle is a product leader at PerkinElmer, overseeing the thermal (TEA) analysis business. She holds a PhD in Biomedical Biomaterials Science and is a Chartered Engineer (CEng) and Chartered Scientist (CSci) with a strong background in materials science. A member of the Institute of Materials, Minerals, and Mining (IOM3) since 2009; a committee member since 2019, Krystelle is committed to continuous professional development and was recently made 'Fellow' of the institute. Her blend of scientific knowledge and industry experience makes her a valuable contributor to PerkinElmer and the wider scientific community.</p></blockquote>

Azom: Analysis Masterclass for Polymer-Based Advanced Materials

Analysis Masterclass for Polymer-Based Advanced Materials

Which analytical techniques and best practices are most effective for characterising polymer‑based advanced materials

ICPMS webinars focusing on Thermal Analysis - page 1