<p><strong>Scientists at IOCB Prague are uncovering new details of gene transcription. They have identified a previously unknown molecular mechanism by which the transcription of genetic information from deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) into ribonucleic acid (RNA) can be initiated. The researchers focused on a specific class of molecules known as alarmones, which are found in cells across a wide range of organisms and whose levels often increase under conditions of cellular stress. The results were published in the prestigious scientific journal </strong><i><strong>Nature Chemical Biology</strong></i><strong>.</strong></p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/UOCHB_Vyzkum_z_UOCHB_odhaluje_dosud_nepoznany_zpusob_prepisu_geneticke_informace_bc2bfffa6c.jpg" alt="IOCB Prague/Tomáš Belloň: Research from IOCB Prague reveals a previously unknown mechanism of genetic transcription: Dr. Hana Cahová, head of the Chemical Biology of Nucleic Acids research group." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_UOCHB_Vyzkum_z_UOCHB_odhaluje_dosud_nepoznany_zpusob_prepisu_geneticke_informace_bc2bfffa6c.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="2000" height="1335"></p><div><p>Molecules of ribonucleic acid can carry a variety of chemical modifications at one end, known as caps. In eukaryotic organisms, including human cells, the best-known cap plays an important role in RNA stability and in regulating its subsequent fate. In recent years, however, it has become clear that alternative, non-canonical RNA caps also exist, although their formation and the mechanisms by which they are attached to RNA remain only partially understood. These include alarmone caps, formed by dinucleoside polyphosphate molecules, that protect cellular RNA at moments when the cell is under threat.</p><p>In their study,<strong> </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://cahova.group.uochb.cz/en"><strong>Dr. Hana Cahová</strong></a> and colleagues examined bacterial RNA polymerase and investigated how this enzyme can initiate transcription using dinucleoside polyphosphates (NpNs) instead of the standard RNA building blocks. For the first time, the scientists described, at the atomic level, how RNA bearing an alarmone cap can be generated directly at the initiation of gene transcription. They also observed that NpNs bind through a different type of base pairing than is typically observed.</p><p>The work was significantly shaped by <strong>Valentina Serianni from Hana Cahová’s team</strong>, who demonstrated the ability of dinucleoside polyphosphates to initiate gene transcription, and by <strong>Jana Škerlová</strong>, who focused on the structural analysis of RNA polymerase. Using cryogenic electron microscopy data, she showed how dinucleoside polyphosphate molecules bind within the active site of RNA polymerase – that is, the core of the enzyme where genetic information is transcribed. Together, their findings help to elucidate the processes that accompany the transcription of genetic information from DNA to RNA.</p><p>Hana Cahová adds: <i>“We’re describing something that truly occurs in cells and that we’re now able to observe directly at the level of individual molecules. This allows us to answer fundamental questions about cellular processes, such as how cells adapt to stress. RNA plays a central role in this, as it carries the cascade of information underlying any cellular response – for example, to threatening conditions caused by nutrient deprivation or temperature shock.”</i></p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/UOCHB_Vyzkum_z_UOCHB_odhaluje_dosud_nepoznany_zpusob_prepisu_geneticke_informace_2_0fe88ff9e9.jpg" alt="IOCB Prague/Tomáš Belloň: Research from IOCB Prague reveals a previously unknown mechanism of genetic transcription: Dr. Tomáš Kouba, head of the Cryogenic Electron Microscopy core facility." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_UOCHB_Vyzkum_z_UOCHB_odhaluje_dosud_nepoznany_zpusob_prepisu_geneticke_informace_2_0fe88ff9e9.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="2000" height="1335"></p><div><p>Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) was central to the project. This part of the work was led by<strong> Dr. Tomáš Kouba</strong>, one of the authors of the study. <i>“Cryogenic electron microscopy allows us to freeze biological molecules in a state very close to their natural form and then determine their three-dimensional structure. This makes it possible to look directly into the active centers of enzymes and observe their function down to the atomic level,”</i> he explains.</p><p>Last year, IOCB Prague opened a new <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://cryoem.group.uochb.cz/en"><strong>cryo-EM center</strong></a><strong> </strong>that is unique within the Czech research environment. State-of-the-art cryogenic electron microscopes are housed in a specially designed building and enable the study of biological processes with exceptional structural precision.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/UOCHB_Vyzkum_z_UOCHB_odhaluje_dosud_nepoznany_zpusob_prepisu_geneticke_informace_3_4d881e7a58.jpg" alt="IOCB Prague: Research from IOCB Prague reveals a previously unknown mechanism of genetic transcription: This work shows how NpnNs initiate bacterial transcription. Cryo-EM reveals how nucleobases pair with the template: one in canonical and one in reverse Watson–Crick mode, providing a structural basis for their function as non-canonical RNA caps." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_UOCHB_Vyzkum_z_UOCHB_odhaluje_dosud_nepoznany_zpusob_prepisu_geneticke_informace_3_4d881e7a58.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="2000" height="1077"></p><blockquote><h4><strong>The Original article</strong></h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41589-025-02134-5"><strong>Molecular insight into 5′ RNA capping with Np<sub>n</sub>Ns by bacterial RNA polymerase</strong></a></h4><p>Valentina M. Serianni, Jana Škerlová, Anna Knopp Dubánková, Anton Škríba, Hana Šváchová, Tereza Vučková, Anatolij Filimoněnko, Milan Fábry, Pavlína Řezáčová, Tomáš Kouba &amp; Hana Cahova&nbsp;</p><p>Nat. Chem. Biol. 21 (2026)</p><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41589-025-02134-5">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41589-025-02134-5</a></p><h6>licensed under <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><strong>CC-BY 4.0</strong></a></h6></blockquote><h4><strong>Abstract</strong></h4><p>RNA capped with dinucleoside polyphosphates has been discovered in bacteria and eukaryotes only recently. The likely mechanism of this specific capping involves direct incorporation of dinucleoside polyphosphates by RNA polymerase as noncanonical initiating nucleotides. However, how these compounds bind into the active site of RNA polymerase during transcription initiation is unknown. Here, we explored transcription initiation in vitro, using a series of DNA templates in combination with dinucleoside polyphosphates and model RNA polymerase from <i>Thermus</i> <i>thermophilus</i>. We observed that the transcription start site can vary on the basis of the compatibility of the specific template and dinucleoside polyphosphate. Cryo-electron microscopy structures of transcription initiation complexes with dinucleoside polyphosphates revealed that both nucleobase moieties can pair with the DNA template. The first encoded nucleotide pairs in a canonical Watson–Crick manner, whereas the second nucleobase pairs noncanonically in a reverse Watson–Crick manner. Our work provides a structural explanation of how dinucleoside polyphosphates initiate RNA transcription.</p></div></div>

Research from IOCB Prague reveals a previously unknown mechanism of genetic transcription

<p><strong>In the week from February 9, the following webinars await you in the field of atomic and molecular spectroscopy and spectrometry</strong></p><blockquote><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinars"><strong>👉 DETAILS AND REGISTRATION IN THE WEBINARS SECTION</strong></a></h4><p><strong>👉 Search and filter in the largest global database</strong> with over <strong>5 000 GC, LC, MS and spectroscopy webinars</strong>.</p></blockquote><h5><strong>1. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Process Raman – A Reliable and Versatile Tool for Downstream Process Monitoring and Control for mAb Production</strong></h5><ul><li>Tu, 10.2.2026 16:00 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/5808">Registration</a></li></ul><p>The presentation highlights how process Raman spectroscopy offers several advantages over traditional in-line UV-Vis analysis for process monitoring and metabolite production control.</p><h5><strong>2. Bruker: Meet Compact-Q DEER Spectrometer – Your Gateway to Quantum Innovation</strong></h5><ul><li>Tu, 10.2.2026 17:00 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/5757">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Discover how the Compact-Q DEER spectrometer enables high-fidelity qubit characterization and control, combining advanced microwave architecture, AWGs, and cryogen-free operation.</p><h5><strong>3. Agilent Technologies: Novel Advancements in Trace Level Determination and Long-Term Stability of Metals in TMAH and UPW Matrices</strong></h5><ul><li>Tu, 10.2.2026 21:30 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/3733">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Explore novel approaches for trace-level metal determination and long-term stability assessment in TMAH and ultrapure water matrices.</p><h5><strong>4. AZoM: From First to Best – Introducing the Litesizer DIF Series</strong></h5><ul><li>We, 11.2.2026 15:00 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/5765">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Join this live webinar introducing the new Litesizer DIF series of laser diffraction particle size analyzers.</p><h5><strong>5. Anton Paar: Polymer Rheology – Rotational and Transient Measurements on a Polymer Melt</strong></h5><ul><li>We, 11.2.2026 18:00 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/5786">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Learn how rotational and transient viscosity measurements on rotational rheometers reveal polymer melt flow behavior, from method setup and accessories to data interpretation.</p><h5><strong>6. Milestone: Practical Guidance to Improve the Journey from Sample to Heavy Metals Analysis for Environmental Labs</strong></h5><ul><li>Th, 12.2.2026 16:00 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/5803">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Improve heavy metals analysis in environmental laboratories with practical tips on reagents, filtration, cleaning, and workflow optimization to enhance data quality and efficiency.</p><h5><strong>7. Agilent Technologies: Moving from R&amp;D and Limited QC on a UV-Vis-NIR Instrument to Large-Scale QC Using an Autosampler</strong></h5><ul><li>Th, 12.2.2026 20:00 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/2104">Registration</a></li></ul><p>This presentation covers key aspects of adding and using an autosampler to maximize UV-Vis-NIR QC workflows when scaling from R&amp;D to routine quality control.</p>

Webinars LabRulezICPMS Week 07/2026

<p><strong>LA-ICP-MS imaging, particularly in TOF mode, provides rapid, high-resolution elemental maps of complex geological materials, but quantitative accuracy is often limited by heterogeneous mineralogy. This study introduces a workflow using UMAP for unsupervised dimensionality reduction combined with k-means clustering to segment mineral phases directly from per-pixel elemental data.</strong></p><p>Cluster compositions are matched to known minerals based on stoichiometry, allowing phase-specific normalization and reducing quantification errors by up to 60%. Validated on dawsonite-bearing sandstones, the approach enables consistent phase-resolved geochemical comparisons across depth profiles and establishes UMAP as a practical tool for accurate, interpretable multielement imaging.</p><blockquote><h4><strong>The original article</strong></h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.analchem.5c05398"><strong>Mineral Phase-Resolved Quantification in LA-ICP-MS Imaging</strong></a></h4><p>Barbara Umfahrer, Jakub Buday, Pavel Pořízka, Jozef Kaiser, Paolo S. Garofalo*, and Detlef Günther*</p><p>Anal. Chem. 2026, 98, 1, 581–589</p><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.5c05398">https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.5c05398</a></p><h6>licensed under <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><strong>CC-BY 4.0</strong></a></h6></blockquote><p><strong>Selected sections from the article follow. Formats and hyperlinks were adapted from the original.</strong></p><p>Since its introduction in 1985, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(1)</a> Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) has matured into a routine technique for both qualitative and quantitative elemental analysis, finding use in diverse fields such as geology, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(2−4)</a> biology, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(5,6)</a> materials science, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(7)</a> and cultural heritage. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(8,9)</a> Especially in comparison to liquid analysis techniques, the method excels through minimal sample preparation, negligible sample destruction, and low limits of detection, which enable trace element analysis. However, besides the availability of standard reference materials, a longstanding challenge of quantitative LA-ICP-MS is the need for a suitable internal standard to account for variations in ablation rate and transport efficiency, as well as instrumental drift. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(10)</a> Developed for applications in geological matrices, this requirement was elegantly circumvented by Liu et al. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(11)</a> through 100 wt % normalization, which assumes that all detected elements form oxides summing up to 100 wt %. This approach was conceptually inspired by the summed-spectrum normalization calibration procedure introduced by Leach and Hieftje in 2000, which emphasized the use of total signal intensities for robust internal standardization. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(12)</a> The 100 wt % normalization strategy was subsequently extended to the bulk analysis of carbonates. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(13)</a></p><p>Concurrently, the advent of time-of-flight (TOF) mass analyzers and the development of fast-washout laser ablation cells <a href="javascript:void(0);">(14−16)</a> have transformed LA-ICP-MS into a powerful imaging tool, capable of generating spatial maps across a variety of sample matrices at high data acquisition rates. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(17−19)</a> Furthermore, in comparison to, e.g., X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) or Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), LA-ICP-MS offers a high depth resolution of approximately 0.2 μm on glass, enabling precise measurement of fine-scale structures not only laterally but also in depth. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(18)</a> However, as the volume and complexity of these elemental images have grown according to the progressive advancement of the method itself, now consisting of gigabytes of data produced within minutes, manual data interpretation has become increasingly impractical. To uncover meaningful details and patterns, researchers have applied multivariate methods such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and k-means clustering to reduce dimensionality and delineate distinct regions within the images. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(20−23)</a> The nonlinear dimensionality reduction technique Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP), <a href="javascript:void(0);">(24)</a> which supports data interpretation with its capability to capture and separate subtle local structures, has first been employed to LA-ICP-MS bulk analysis data in 2024, where it was used to classify pyrite samples and discriminate between Pb and Zn deposit types. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(25,26)</a> In combination with elemental imaging, UMAP has recently been applied to biological tissue data sets as an exploratory analysis tool, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(27)</a> further enhancing the ability to visualize and interpret complex elemental distributions.</p><p>Despite these advances, no existing approach combines the unsupervised segmentation of mineral phases by UMAP with phase-specific normalization. In this study, we introduce a UMAP-driven workflow that (1) automatically segments distinct mineralogical phases within fine-grained geological matrices and (2) applies phase-specific 100 wt % normalization (e.g., oxide <a href="javascript:void(0);">(11)</a> or carbonate <a href="javascript:void(0);">(13)</a>), thereby improving quantification accuracy and enabling phase-specific quantitative interpretation of mineral distributions in complex matrices.</p><h4><strong>Materials and Methods</strong></h4><h5><strong>LA-ICP-TOFMS Imaging</strong></h5><p>LA-ICP-TOFMS analyses were performed using a 193 nm ArF excimer laser (GeoLas C, Lambda Physik, Göttingen, Germany) coupled to an ICP-TOFMS instrument (icpTOF 2R, TOFWERK AG, Thun, Switzerland). Ablation was conducted in the modified parallel flow ablation cell (MPFAC) <a href="javascript:void(0);">(16,34)</a> under a He atmosphere (99.999%, Linde Gas Schweiz AG, Dagmersellen, Switzerland) with Ar (99.996%, Linde Gas Schweiz AG) used as the carrier gas. A piezoelectrically driven xyz translational stage (1 nm resolution, SmarAct GmbH, Oldenburg, Germany) enabled precise sample positioning. Laser, stage movement, and ICP-TOFMS data acquisition were synchronized using a custom-built imaging control system. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(19)</a> The system was optimized each day based on maximum sensitivity while ensuring a <sup>238</sup>U<sup>+</sup>/<sup>232</sup>Th<sup>+</sup> intensity ratio of 1.0 to 1.1 on NIST SRM 610 and a <sup>232</sup>Th<sup>16</sup>O<sup>+</sup>/<sup>232</sup>Th<sup>+</sup> rate of below 0.5%.</p><h5><strong>LIBS Imaging</strong></h5><p>The LIBS analyses were performed on a Firefly system (Lightigo, Czech Republic). The laser (1064 nm, 5 mJ, pulse duration ∼10 ns, diameter 6 mm, operating at 50 Hz) was focused on the sample with a singlet lens (focal length 50 mm) to a 30 μm spot. The spatial resolution of the acquired elemental maps, with a size of about 16 mm × 26 mm, was 20 μm. Plasma radiation is collected by a multifiber configuration with a collimator and an optical fiber (400 μm core diameter), which delivered the light to several Czerny–Turner spectrometers (resolution 0.25–0.4 nm). The spectral range of the spectrometers is 180–850 nm. The radiation is collected 1.5 μs after ablation, with a gate width of 15 μs.</p><p>Data processing was done with Python 3.11.8 in the Spyder environment and included background correction and per-pixel z-score normalization.</p><h4><strong>Results and Discussion</strong></h4><h5><strong>LIBS and XRD Measurements</strong></h5><p>To assess whether carbonate-based normalization <a href="javascript:void(0);">(13)</a> is warranted, first, large-scale LIBS elemental intensity maps of the samples across about a third of the thin sections were acquired. <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.analchem.5c05398#fig1">Figure 1</a> reveals the results for “Layer 2” of the Poggio del Gatto sandstone for selected elements. A complete mapping of all four thin sections can be found in <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acs.analchem.5c05398/suppl_file/ac5c05398_si_001.pdf">Figures S3 and S6</a> in the Supporting Information. The maps reveal that C is strongly enriched in fracture veins as well as in finer-grained domains within the matrix and correlates with Ca, indicating carbonate minerals rather than oxides. Bulk XRD analysis identifies calcite alongside quartz, plagioclase, white mica, and kaolinite. These complementary observations confirm calcite as a major phase and thus justify the need for performing the 100 wt % normalization on a carbonate basis for pixels representing calcite.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Anal_Chem_2026_98_1_581_589_Figure_1_LIBS_elemental_intensity_maps_of_the_data_set_from_Layer_2_of_the_Poggio_del_Gatto_sandstone_mounted_on_a_microscope_slide_73ada1b7b8.jpg" alt="Anal. Chem. 2026, 98, 1, 581–589: Figure 1. LIBS elemental intensity maps of the data set from “Layer 2” of the Poggio del Gatto sandstone mounted on a microscope slide, depicting calcite veins and fine-grained structures within the matrix, underlining the need for carbonate-based normalization for specific pixels. Emission lines for evaluation are shown in the corresponding subfigure title. The epoxy used to fix the thin section on the slide is visible along the margin." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Anal_Chem_2026_98_1_581_589_Figure_1_LIBS_elemental_intensity_maps_of_the_data_set_from_Layer_2_of_the_Poggio_del_Gatto_sandstone_mounted_on_a_microscope_slide_73ada1b7b8.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="2088" height="414"></p><h5><strong>Renormalization Based on Carbonates</strong></h5><p>Applying an oxide-based normalization to carbonate samples will introduce composition-dependent biases that cannot immediately be generalized as a singular numerical value. The difference between the molecular masses of carbonate CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2–</sup> and its oxide equivalent O<sup>2–</sup> yields an intrinsic bias on the order of a factor of about two, depending on the stoichiometry. Once this data is renormalized to a total of 100 wt %, the magnitude of the error becomes highly dependent on the specific elemental composition of the sample. An exemplary calculation illustrating this effect for a representative calcite pixel is provided in <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acs.analchem.5c05398/suppl_file/ac5c05398_si_001.pdf">Table S2</a>, yielding a relative error of 79%. In practice, this error varies across the image according to the local phase composition. <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.analchem.5c05398#fig6">Figure 6</a> illustrates the impact of normalization approaches for layer 2 of the samples as well as the spatial distribution of the resulting relative error. The figure presents Ca and Si elemental maps in two rows, while the first three columns compare different normalization strategies: normalization based on all oxides, normalization based on all carbonates, and a pixel-wise normalization guided by mineral phase identification, as outlined in the workflow proposed in this study. The final column displays the relative error between the bulk oxide- or carbonate-based normalization and the pixel-wise, phase-informed normalization.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Anal_Chem_2026_98_1_581_589_Figure_6_Comparison_of_normalization_strategies_for_Ca_and_Si_LA_ICP_TOFMS_elemental_maps_in_Layer_2_ce3a0c1a5c.jpg" alt="Anal. Chem. 2026, 98, 1, 581–589: Figure 6. Comparison of normalization strategies for Ca and Si LA-ICP-TOFMS elemental maps in “Layer 2” of the Poggio del Gatto sandstone. Rows show Ca (top) and Si (bottom); columns compare (1) oxide-based normalization, (2) carbonate-based normalization, (3) pixel-wise, phase-informed normalization (this study), and (4) relative error between the first two and the phase-informed approach." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Anal_Chem_2026_98_1_581_589_Figure_6_Comparison_of_normalization_strategies_for_Ca_and_Si_LA_ICP_TOFMS_elemental_maps_in_Layer_2_ce3a0c1a5c.jpg 202w," sizes="100vw" width="2088" height="1622"></p><p>For Ca (in this matrix primarily associated with calcite, a dominant carbonate phase in our samples), the relative error depicted quantifies the effect of applying oxide-based normalization across the entire image. This results in a systematic overestimation of the Ca concentration by approximately 60%. Conversely, for Si─in this matrix found mainly in quartz and various plagioclase phases─the error is shown for applying carbonate-based normalization across an oxidic matrix. In such cases, the Si concentrations are underestimated by roughly 10% to 40%, depending on the mineral phase.</p><p>These findings highlight that using a single normalization scheme across heterogeneous samples introduces substantial quantification errors. To mitigate this, the pixel-wise phase segmentation enabled by the proposed UMAP-based workflow offers a significant advantage, especially in fine-grained matrices. In short, phase-aware, pixel-wise normalization combines the strengths of both normalization approaches and proves to be highly beneficial.</p><h4><strong>Conclusion</strong></h4><p>This study demonstrates that phase-specific normalization, guided by unsupervised phase segmentation of LA-ICP-MS images, can substantially improve the accuracy of elemental quantification in fine-grained geological matrices. Rather than relying on a single global assumption (e.g., all oxides or all carbonates), the workflow adapts normalization to the actual mineralogy, minimizing systematic errors and enabling phase-resolved geochemical interpretation.</p><p>The segmentation step, based on UMAP embedding and <i>k</i>-means clustering, is fully unsupervised. However, the subsequent matching of clusters to specific minerals still relies on a limited set of preidentified stoichiometries and is therefore not yet fully unsupervised. Expansion to larger stoichiometric databases could help overcome this limitation and move toward automated mineral classification. A key challenge remains the similarity of cation ratios in certain mineral groups, which may still require complementary data to ensure robust assignments.</p><p>Overall, beyond the specific case of the Poggio del Gatto sandstone presented in this study, this work provides a framework for quantitative elemental imaging of complex geological samples and is readily transferable to other contexts that require spatially resolved composition-aware normalization. This contribution adds a practical implementation to a growing literature that already uses multivariate statistics to unlock the immense information depth of LA-ICP-TOFMS.</p>

Mineral Phase-Resolved Quantification in LA-ICP-MS Imaging

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The Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IOCB Prague) is a leading scientific institution in the Czech Republic, recognized internationally. Its primary mission is basic research in the fields of chemical biology and medicinal chemistry, organic and material oriented chemistry, chemistry of natural compounds, biochemistry and molecular biology, physical chemistry, theoretical chemistry, and analytical chemistry. 

Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences

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<p><strong>Contamination is one of the most common causes of deteriorated product quality and equipment performance in industrial environment.  FTIR has been proven to be a valuable tool to characterize the contamination rapidly and economically.  Agilent’s compact and portable FTIR spectrometers provide a complete product portfolio with versatile sampling interfaces and spectral process capabilities, which can offer great convenience, stability and high-throughput solution to the contamination-related applications.</strong></p>
<p>This online seminar provides a comprehensive introduction to the FTIR testing technology in the contamination-related applications.</p>
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<p><strong>Presenter: Yanqia Wang, PhD (Application Engineer, Molecular Spectroscopy, Agilent Technologies, Inc.)</strong></p>
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<p>Dr. Yanqia Wang started working for Agilent Technologies Inc. as a FTIR application Engineer in 2013, providing pre-&amp;post-sale application support. The products he covers from Bench-top FTIR microscopes to various Mobile FTIR spectrometers. Dr. Wang received his PhD of analytical chemistry from Duke University in 2004, doing dynamic IR spectroscopy research. Then he joined Fitzpatrick Center for Photonics at Duke University, doing Tissue Raman spectrometer instrumentation. Since 2007, Dr. Wang worked for Avery Dennison Corp. as a spectroscopist, providing molecular analytical support to the research &amp; development.</p>
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Agilent Technologies: Contamination Study with FTIR

Contamination Study with FTIR

 This online seminar provides a comprehensive introduction to the FTIR testing technology in the contamination-related applications.

<p><strong>Transmission Raman spectroscopy (TRS) is a variant of Raman spectroscopy which is advantageous in probing bulk content of diffusely scattering samples.  Spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) is a variant of Raman spectroscopy that allows highly accurate chemical analysis of objects beneath obscuring surfaces.  TRS is used in Agilent TRS100 Raman system for fast assay of tablets, capsules, and other dosage forms.  SORS is used in Agilent RapID and Vaya systems for see-through barrier verification applications.</strong></p>
<p>This online seminar provides a comprehensive introduction to the TRS and SORS technologies and their applications.</p>
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<p><strong>Presenter:</strong> Yanqia Wang, PhD (Application Engineer, Molecular Spectroscopy, Agilent Technologies, Inc.)</p>
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<blockquote>
<p>Dr. Yanqia Wang started working for Agilent Technologies Inc. as a FTIR application Engineer in 2013, providing pre-&amp;post-sale application support. The products he covers from Bench-top FTIR microscopes to various Mobile FTIR spectrometers. Dr. Wang received his PhD of analytical chemistry from Duke University in 2004, doing dynamic IR spectroscopy research. Then he joined Fitzpatrick Center for Photonics at Duke University, doing Tissue Raman spectrometer instrumentation. Since 2007, Dr. Wang worked for Avery Dennison Corp. as a spectroscopist, providing molecular analytical support to the research &amp; development.</p>
</blockquote>


Agilent Technology: Fast assay of Tablets, Capsules, and other Dosage forms using Transmission Raman Spectroscopy and SORS Raman Spectroscopy

Fast assay of Tablets, Capsules, and other Dosage forms using Transmission Raman Spectroscopy and SORS Raman Spectroscopy

This online seminar provides a comprehensive introduction to the TRS and SORS technologies and their applications.

Tablets, Capsules by Raman Spectroscopy and SORS

<p><strong>Can the TopScan 4300 FTIR test liquid?  What is the detection limit of the 4300 FTIR? Is ambient light an issue for Vaya Raman spectrometer?</strong></p>
<p>Lets discuss some of the most common questions about Agilent Handheld spectrometers.</p>
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<p><strong>Presenter:</strong> Yanqia Wang, PhD (Application Engineer, Molecular Spectroscopy, Agilent Technologies, Inc.)</p>
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<p>Dr. Yanqia Wang started working for Agilent Technologies Inc. as a FTIR application Engineer in 2013, providing pre-&amp;post-sale application support. The products he covers from Bench-top FTIR microscopes to various Mobile FTIR spectrometers. Dr. Wang received his PhD of analytical chemistry from Duke University in 2004, doing dynamic IR spectroscopy research. Then he joined Fitzpatrick Center for Photonics at Duke University, doing Tissue Raman spectrometer instrumentation. Since 2007, Dr. Wang worked for Avery Dennison Corp. as a spectroscopist, providing molecular analytical support to the research &amp; development.</p>
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Agilent Technologies: Common Handheld FTIR and Raman Questions Answered

Common Handheld FTIR and Raman Questions Answered

Lets discuss some of the most common questions about Agilent Handheld spectrometers.

<p><strong>During this second session of a four-part ‘Fundamentals of Spectroscopy’ course, we will break down some common spectroscopic techniques (UV/VIS absorption spectroscopy, photoluminescence, and Raman scattering amongst others), examine how they work at a relatively low level, and discuss what they can be used to learn in different situations. We will pay special attention to the historical developments of these techniques, particularly the scientific and economic motivations that drove the people who created and refined them.</strong></p>
<p>Key learning objectives</p>
<ul>
<li><p><strong>Understand the concept of absorption spectroscopy, the design of an absorption spectrometer, and see how UV-VIS absorption spectroscopy can be used in quantifying protein concentration.</strong></p>
</li>
<li><p><strong>Differentiate between the different types of luminescence, specifically photoluminescence vs. fluorescence and understand the basics of fluorescence and phosphorescence spectrometers. Become familiar with applications using time-resolved fluorescence, solvatochromic shifts and Förster resonance energy transfer.</strong></p>
</li>
<li><p><strong>Learn the basics of Raman spectroscopy, and the design of a Raman spectrometer. Understand the units used in Raman spectroscopy and learn how Raman specificity can be used to measure various physical and chemical properties in materials.</strong></p>
</li>
</ul>
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<p><strong>Presenter</strong> Shayne Harrel (Andor Technology)</p>
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<p>Shayne Harrel is a spectroscopy specialist for the Americas at Andor. He holds a PhD in physical chemistry from Yale University where he studied dynamical processes in charge transfer systems, magnetic materials and semiconductors using time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy. Prior to joining Andor, he was a senior applications engineer at MKS Instruments and has held previous positions as Chief Scientist-Americas for Izon Science, Senior Applications Scientist for Olympus Corporation, and as a chemist for the US Food and Drug Administration.</p>
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<p><strong>Presenter</strong> Georgina Wynne Hughes (Editorial Team)</p>
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<p>Georgina studied at Birmingham University where she gained a BSc in Biomedical Science, and an MSc by Research in Cancer and Genomic Sciences, which focused on defective autophagy in rare neurodegenerative diseases. As a member of the Editorial team, she now plays an integral role in shaping the content on SelectScience.</p>
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SelectScience: Spectroscopy techniques in practice: Methods and motivations

Spectroscopy techniques in practice: Methods and motivations

We will break down UV/VIS absorption spectroscopy, photoluminescence, and Raman scattering amongst others and examine how they work.

<p><strong>FT-IR spectroscopy is an easy-to-use and nondestructive analysis tool for chemical identification, quantification, composition analysis, optical characterization and many more. Depending on measurement geometry (beside transmission measurement) and optical properties of sample materials FT-IR can be very surface sensitive. It provides plenty of surface analysis techniques with different penetration depth to qualitatively or quantitatively characterize the upper layer of a sample, to follow surface reactions or to observe surface emissions etc. Depending on sample form, e.g. powder, gel, liquid, crystal blocks, coatings, micro sized samples or else, different FT-IR techniques can be applied.</strong></p><p><strong>In this Webinar You Will Learn:</strong></p><ul><li>Attenuated Total Reflection - ATR</li><li>Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy - DRIFT</li><li>Specular Reflectance</li><li>InfraRed Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy - IRRAS</li><li>Emission Spectroscopy</li><li>Photo Acoustic Spectroscopy - PAS</li></ul><p><strong>Who Should Attend?</strong></p><ul><li>Surface analysis experts (e.g. material science, polymers, automotive…)</li><li>Spectroscopy experts (e.g. academia, physicists, chemists…)</li><li>Microscopy experts (e.g. research, pharmaceuticals, electronics… )</li></ul><blockquote><p><strong>Presenter: </strong>Dr. Xia Stammer</p><p>Dr. Xia Stammer studied Physical Chemistry and focused on surface functionalization and characterization during her PhD and research activities. She has been FT-IR application specialist since almost 10 years at Bruker and is specialized for FT-IR research solutions for catalysis, material science and surface analysis.</p><p><strong>Presenter:&nbsp;</strong>Dr. Inga Köhler&nbsp;</p><p>Dr. Inga Köhler studied Geology and Paleontology and acquired her PhD with focus on Early Earth. Inga has a strong interest in communicating scientific topics to the public and continues to contribute to Archean research. At Bruker, she works as a Scientific Content Creator for FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy as well as microscopy.</p></blockquote>

Bruker: Shed Light on Surface | How to use FT-IR to characterize surfaces  

Shed Light on Surface | How to use FT-IR to characterize surfaces

In this webinar, you will learn about various FT-IR techniques for surface characterization.

How to use FT-IR to characterize surfaces  

<p><strong>Once again, we point out the strong synergies of pharmaceutical research, process development and quality control with Raman microscopy. In this webinar, our Raman expert Di Yan will first highlight the basics and then analyze three typical samples. For this, we leave the "PowerPoint monotony" and go hands-on with the Raman microscope. Afterwards there will be a live question and answer session to answer your questions.</strong></p><p><strong>You will learn about:</strong></p><ul><li>How to apply Raman microscopy</li><li>What to look out for in Raman instrumentation</li><li>How to comply with regulations using a Raman microscope</li></ul><p><strong>What is the goal of the webinar:</strong></p><ul><li>Demonstrate the utility of Raman microscopy in Pharma</li><li>Highlight the unique benefits of Raman microscopy</li></ul><p><strong>We will discuss:</strong></p><ul><li>Relationships between Raman and other techniques (e.g. XRD)</li><li>Basics of Raman microscopy and imaging</li><li>Application example #1: API distribution</li><li>Application example #2: Polymorphism</li><li>Application example #3: Particle analysis</li></ul><p><strong>Who should attend:</strong></p><ul><li>R&amp;D specialists, especially process developers</li><li>Quality control and PAT specialists</li><li>Planning to buy Raman microscope</li><li>Thinking about implementing Raman microscopy</li><li>Want to learn more about Raman microscopy in Pharma</li></ul><blockquote><p><strong>Presenter: </strong>Dr. Di Yan</p><p>Dr. Di Yan is a product manager at Bruker for Raman microscopy. He has studied physical chemistry at Friedrich Schiller University and Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology and has extensive experience in Raman detection techniques.</p></blockquote>

Bruker: Tools for Pharmaceutical Troubleshooting: Raman Microscopy

Tools for Pharmaceutical Troubleshooting: Raman Microscopy

In this webinar, our Raman expert Di Yan will first highlight the basics and then analyze three typical samples.

<div><div><div><div><p><strong>The basic principles of FTIR-based gas analysis are covered in this webinar. We will show how easy it is to define quantification methods to determine gas concentrations even in complex gas mixtures. Quantification of gas mixtures is performed without requiring calibration measurements.</strong>&nbsp;</p><p>In addition, simulated IR spectra made with the consideration of actual measurement parameters (e.g., temperature, pressure, spectral resolution, etc.) can be modeled with the new simulation function in the OPUS GA software.</p><h5><strong>Key Learning Points:</strong></h5></div><div><div><div><div><div><div><ul><li>Introduce yourself to real-time, automatic, FTIR-based Gas Analysis</li><li>Learn how Bruker allows for the calibration-free analysis of over 350 compounds with no standard gases required!</li><li>For the first time, learn about Bruker's new Simulation Tool which equips the user with the ability to optimize quantification themselves of even complex gas mixtures</li></ul><blockquote><p><strong>Presenter: &nbsp;</strong>Dr. Benjamin Frank (Technical Sales Specialist - Raman and Gas Analytics)</p><p>CML Systems Sales &amp; Customer Service, Bruker Optics)</p></blockquote></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>

Bruker: Quantitative FTIR-Gas Analysis: As Easy As Can Be

Quantitative FTIR-Gas Analysis: As Easy As Can Be

The basic principles of FTIR-based gas analysis are covered in this webinar.

<p><strong>The achievable spatial resolution in Raman microscopy is ultimately limited by physical laws (diffraction of light). We revisit the physical principles and try to reach the limits of Bruker’s Raman microscope.</strong></p><blockquote><p><strong>Presenter: </strong>Dr. Marten Seeba</p><p>Dr. Marten Seeba graduated in chemistry from the University of Göttingen before joining Bruker as an application expert for FT-IR and IR laser microscopy. He is a point of contact for our customers and as such has gained a great deal of expertise in many applications such as microplastics, pharmaceuticals, tissue analysis and materials science.</p></blockquote>

Bruker: Raman Microscopy – Spatial Resolution and Light Diffraction – SENTERRA II

Raman Microscopy – Spatial Resolution and Light Diffraction – SENTERRA II

In this webinar, we revisit the physical principles of Raman Microscopy and try to reach the limits of Bruker’s Raman microscope.

Raman Microscopy – SENTERRA II

<p><strong>The role of the modern QA/QC laboratory has evolved into one where problems of almost any type are encountered. Product analysis is conducted using a variety of scientific instrumentation, some destructive and some not. Specificity and sensitivity are key elements of any analytical tool to be employed in this environment.&nbsp;</strong></p><p>In this webcast, we will discuss the role Raman micro- and macro-spectroscopy can play in simplifying and streamlining the analysis of products and packaging will be discussed. Additionally, the usefulness of Raman spectroscopy will be reviewed for the identification of product defects due to foreign body inclusions, content defects, or deviations from expected content uniformity.&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Specific topics we will cover include:</strong></p><ul><li>Raman and regulatory compliance</li><li>Where does Raman fit in the QA/QC laboratory?</li><li>Characterizing unknown foreign bodies in product</li><li>Assessing product quality assurance quickly and easily</li></ul><p><strong>Key Learning Objectives</strong></p><ul><li>Learn how Raman spectroscopy can be seamlessly added to your compliant QA/QC laboratory</li><li>Learn the value of Raman for identifying unknown objects non-invasively</li><li>Learn how content uniformity and component distribution can be readily characterized</li></ul><p><strong>Who Should Attend?</strong></p><ul><li>QA/QC analyst in polymers, pharmaceutical, forensic, and materials–based industries</li></ul><blockquote><p><strong>Presenter: </strong>Dr. Tom Tague (Applications Manager and Chair of the Safety Committee Bruker Corporation)</p><p>Dr. Tom Tague is the Applications Manager (FTIR and Raman products) and Chair of the Safety Committee for Bruker Corporation. He is also a member of the Visiting Advisory Committee of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York and the Advisory Board of Amplified Sciences. Dr. Tague received his Ph.D. from the University of Utah in Physical Chemistry and his B.S. in Chemistry, from the University of Texas at San Antonio. He conducted his postdoctoral research at the University of Virginia working with professor Lester Andrews. He is a member of the American Chemical Society, the Society for Applied Spectroscopy, the American Physical Society, and the Optical Society of America. Dr. Tague is active in developing new methods and instrumentation with the goal of improving the sensitivity and detection limits of spectroscopy related applications. Dr. Tague has more than 80 publications and 5 patents.</p></blockquote>

Bruker: The Role of Raman Spectroscopy in the QA/QC Laboratory

The Role of Raman Spectroscopy in the QA/QC Laboratory

In this webcast, we will discuss the role Raman micro- and macro-spectroscopy

<div><div container-id="cq-colctrl-lt0" comp-id="A1"><div><p><strong>We are pleased to invite you to upcoming Webinar on "Exploring analytical methods &amp; applications in polymer science." This event is free to attend will cover key techniques such as Rheology, FTIR, NIR, Process Raman, XRF, XRD, and TGA, highlighting their roles in understanding polymer properties and optimizing processes.</strong></p><p>Join to learn how these methods can enhance material design, quality control, and performance. Gain insights into the latest advancements and applications in polymer science.</p><h3><strong>Webinar Schedule</strong></h3><h4><strong>Day 1: Introduction to analytical methods</strong></h4><p>Tuesday, September 30, 2025, | 10:00-11:15 UTC+1 &nbsp;&nbsp;</p><h5><strong>Session 1: Basics of polymer rheology</strong></h5><ul><li>Speaker: Dr. Fabian Meyer</li></ul><p>In this session, Dr. Fabian Meyer will introduce the fundamental concepts of polymer rheology. Rheology is the study of the flow and deformation of matter, which is crucial in understanding material properties and behaviour during processing. Dr. Meyer will cover:</p><ul><li>Key rheological properties and their measurement</li><li>Applications in various industries</li><li>Practical examples and case studies to illustrate the concepts</li></ul><h5><strong>Session 2: Basics of FTIR, NIR and Raman Spectroscopy/Applications</strong></h5><ul><li>Speaker: Mr. Shailesh Karavadra</li></ul><p>Mr. Shailesh Karavadra will guide you through the basics of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Near-Infrared (NIR), and Raman Spectroscopy. These techniques are essential for material characterization and identification. The session will include:</p><ul><li>Introduction to FTIR, NIR, and Raman Spectroscopy</li><li>How these techniques work and their differences</li><li>Applications in Polymers, plastics and recycling</li></ul><h5><strong>Session 3: Basics of XRF and XRD Applications</strong></h5><ul><li>Speaker: Dr. Simon Welzmiller</li></ul><p>Dr. Welzmiller will present an overview of X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) techniques. These methods are widely used for elemental analysis and crystallographic studies. The session will cover:</p><ul><li>Fundamental principles of XRF and XRD</li><li>How these techniques are applied in material science and engineering</li><li>Examples of real-world applications and data interpretation</li></ul><blockquote><p><strong>Presenter: </strong>Meyer, Fabian (Teamleiter Applikation Lab, Production Process and Analytics)</p><p><strong>Presenter: </strong>Karavadra, Shaileshkumar N. (Sr Manager, Sales Development/Product Specialists Chemical Analysis Division)</p><p><strong>Presenter: </strong>Welzmiller, Simon (Global Application Specialist XRD, Production Process and Analytics)</p></blockquote></div></div></div>

Thermo Fisher Scientific: Advanced analytical methods in polymer science webinar series

Advanced analytical methods in polymer science, Part 1

Join a free webinar on polymer science. Explore rheology, FTIR, NIR, Raman, XRF, and XRD to boost material analysis, quality, and performance.

ICPMS webinars focusing on Academy/Principles - page 1