This study examines the combustion behavior of B4C/Bi2O3 pyrotechnic delay compositions as sustainable alternatives to conventional materials. Thermodynamic modeling and experimental testing were used to evaluate the influence of compaction pressure, particle size, and granule size on burning performance.Results showed that increased compaction reduced burning rates by lowering porosity and shifting combustion from convective to conductive mechanisms. Residue and gas analyses supported a multistage reaction pathway, demonstrating the potential of B4C/Bi2O3 formulations for environmentally improved pyrotechnic applications.<blockquote><h4>The original article</h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10964">Sustainable Pyrotechnics: Combustion Behavior of B4C/Bi2O3 for Delay Compositions</a></h4>Danillo F. Vianna Cantini, Vojtěch Pelikán*, Eva Schmidová, Jiří PachmanACS Omega 2026, 11, 3, 4668–4683<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c10964">https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c10964</a><h6>licensed under <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC-BY 4.0</a></h6></blockquote>Selected sections from the article follow. Formats and hyperlinks were adapted from the original.<div>Pyrotechnic delay compositions are formulations designed to create a specific delay time, determined primarily by their burning rate. These compositions are essential in timing energetic events and are used extensively in both civilian and military applications. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(1)</a> This broad usage leads to diverse motivations for studying such materials. In civilian contexts, such as mining, the focus is typically on safety and cost-effectiveness. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(2)</a> For military purposes, reliability and precision are key factors, often with stringent performance requirements. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(3)</a>Pyrotechnic delay compositions are classified based on their combustion behavior into gassy or gasless types. In confined, sealed and obturated environments, gasless compositions are favored, to avoid gas buildup. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(1,4)</a> However, in unconfined or vented systems, gassy compositions are not problematic. For example, in fireworks, where combustion gases freely dissipate, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(1)</a> or in vented housings like hand grenades or signaling devices, gassy delays are acceptable. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(5,6)</a>In gassy compositions, the burning rate is influenced by the loading (or consolidation) pressure. Hot gases generated by the chemical reaction penetrate gas channels (voids) in the material, igniting unreacted material through a process known as convective heating. As loading pressure increases, these voids are gradually reduced, which diminishes convection and subsequently lowers the burning rate. In contrast, for gasless compositions, burning is driven by conductive heating, where heat is transferred through direct particle-to-particle contact, leading to the opposite effect. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(7−9)</a>Historically, up until World War II, black powder served as the foundation for most delay elements. Nowadays, it continues to be utilized for this function and others, but on smaller scales. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(1)</a> Some more recent and traditional formulations for pyrotechnic compositions include fuels like silicon, boron, tungsten, zinc, iron, zirconium, and manganese. Examples of these are Si/Pb3O4, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(8,10)</a> B/BaCrO4 <a href="javascript:void(0);">(8)</a>, W/BaCrO4/KClO4, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(5,6,11)</a> Zn/PbO2, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(12)</a> Fe/BaO2, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(13)</a> Zr/KClO4, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(8)</a> and Mn/PbCrO4/BaCrO4. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(14)</a>Currently, researchers are actively developing several new formulations for pyrotechnic delays. One of the main motivations for this is the need to transform these compositions into “greener” ones. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(1,2)</a> This means that compositions that could cause problems for the environment or human health should be avoided. To achieve this sustainability, the identification and replacement of known or potentially harmful, toxic, and carcinogenic compounds is vital. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(10)</a> Heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants, toxic gases, volatile organic compounds and known causers of human health problems are examples of such substances to be removed. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(2,5,15)</a>Specifically, there are several attempts to replace lead, barium, chromates, and perchlorates. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(15)</a> The reason is that most of the established delay formulations used today contain these substances. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(2,5)</a> Lead, barium and chromium (contained in chromates) are heavy metals and are known to cause serious health problems in human, specially to nervous, cardiovascular and respiratory systems. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(5,16)</a> Perchlorates are well-documented substances and are used in various pyrotechnic applications. However, they are widely recognized as contributors to thyroid issues. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(5)</a>From the above, it is clear that modern strategies in pyrotechnics are increasingly focused on developing new materials that prioritize both efficiency and sustainability. This shift imposes numerous restrictions, meaning that formulations must be designed with precise planning and thorough investigation to meet both performance and environmental standards.Boron could be considered the ideal fuel for pyrotechnic reactions due to its high energy content. However, it presents combustion issues for its limited reactivity due to boron oxide layer and boron agglomerates formation upon heating. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(17)</a> The boron oxide layer acts as a barrier, hindering oxygen (O) diffusion and consequently limiting the oxidation of boron. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(18)</a>Boron carbide (B4C) is a natural candidate for combustion processes due to its lower ignition point, which is attributed to its higher reactivity. This reactivity stems from the diffusion of carbon (C) particles, which oxidize into gaseous products. These gaseous products create diffusion channels that penetrate the boron oxide layer, breaking down the layer and agglomerates, thereby further improving the reaction. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(18,19)</a> B4C presents better combustion properties, with better burning stability and reliable self-propagation, resulting in better combustion efficiency. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(17)</a>Bismuth trioxide (Bi2O3) is an attractive oxidizer for pyrotechnic delay compositions due to several advantageous properties. Its high oxygen content and efficient oxygen release facilitate sustained combustion, while its favorable thermal properties, including a relatively low melting and decomposition temperature, ensure that oxygen is available at precisely the right moment to support a controlled reaction. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(20)</a> Additionally, Bi2O3 high density allows for compact formulations, promoting consistent and reliable burn rates. Also, it has a low heat of formation (approximately −582 kJ/mol), which is crucial to minimize the energy required to initiate its decomposition. This enhances the overall reaction efficiency, allowing Bi2O3 to rapidly release oxygen without consuming excessive energy, thus ensuring sustainable and stable combustion. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(8)</a>In addition to their technical advantages, Bi2O3 and B4C offer a significant environmental benefit: they are considered more eco-friendly compared to other materials commonly used in pyrotechnic compositions. Bi2O3 serves as a less toxic alternative to traditional oxidizers like lead-based compounds, reducing the risk of environmental contamination and exposure to harmful heavy metals. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(1,8,16)</a> Similarly, B4C contributes to cleaner combustion, producing fewer pollutants and minimizing the environmental impact. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(5)</a> This makes both materials not only effective but also greener choices for sustainable pyrotechnic applications.<h4>2. Experimental Section</h4><h5>2.8. Material Characterization</h5>Particle and granule size distribution were measured with a Malvern Mastersizer 3000 (Malvern Panalytical). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was carried out with a TESCAN MIRA (TESCAN) to examine morphology and confirm particle size. A 40 cm3 combustion chamber was used to analyze pressure profile, quantify solid residues, and collect combustion gases for further analysis. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was performed using a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2392">Nicolet iS50 FT-IR</a> (Thermo Scientific) and standardized nitrogen (N2) background to identify gas-phase products. Thermal stability and water content assessments were conducted using TGA (NETZSCH TG 209 F3 Tarsus) and DSC (NETZSCH DSC 200 F3 Maia). Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) was performed using a Bruker Quantax 200 (Bruker) for semiquantitative chemical composition analysis of the combustion residues. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were performed using a Rigaku MiniFlex diffractometer for complementary phase identification, while surface chemical states were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) using a Scienta Omicron ESCA2SR system.<h4>3. Results and Discussion</h4><h5>3.7. FTIR Analysis of Combustion Gases</h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10964#fig10">Figure 10</a> compares the FTIR spectra of combustion chamber gases from stoichiometric (blue) and fuel-rich (red) tests, highlighting CO and CO2 as the main species, consistent with Horiuchi. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(18)</a> Normalizing their absorbance to concentration using standard references yielded CO2/CO ratios of 0.67 (stoichiometric) and 0.34 (fuel-rich). However, a quantitative analysis is approximate and inherently imprecise, as potential contamination during gas collection and measurement could affect the results, given the challenge of maintaining a completely controlled internal atmosphere. A small fraction of hydrocarbon species (e.g., CH4, C2H4, and C2H2) was also identified in both samples.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ACS_Omega_2026_11_3_4668_4683_Figure_10_Comparative_FTIR_spectra_of_combustion_gas_compositions_in_a_combustion_chamber_ac7b7daf84.jpg" alt="ACS Omega 2026, 11, 3, 4668–4683: Figure 10. Comparative FTIR spectra of combustion gas compositions in a combustion chamber." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ACS_Omega_2026_11_3_4668_4683_Figure_10_Comparative_FTIR_spectra_of_combustion_gas_compositions_in_a_combustion_chamber_ac7b7daf84.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1956" height="989">While experimental results indicate a higher CO2 presence than predicted, the overall trend aligns with expectations─higher fuel content shifts combustion products toward less oxidized species. Notably, the identified gaseous products are relatively simple and exhibit low toxicity compared to halogenated or metal-containing species commonly found in traditional pyrotechnic formulations, supporting the potential of this system as a more environmentally friendly alternative.Since the reaction involves both condensed-phase reactants and products, characterizing the solid residues is essential to evaluate the extent of reaction and gain insight into the actual progression of the reaction pathway. For this, SEM imaging and EDS analysis were employed to investigate the morphology and elemental composition of the combustion residues.<h5>3.8. SEM and EDS of Burning Residues</h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10964#fig11">Figure 11</a> presents the SEM analysis of solid residues from the combustion of B4. <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acsomega.5c10964/suppl_file/ao5c10964_si_001.pdf">Figure S5</a> exhibits images of the other samples. <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10964#fig11">Figure 11</a>a shows the top view of the burned delay element, revealing the distribution of residues across the surface, while <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10964#fig11">Figure 11</a>b provides a magnified view of a region rich in bright spherical structures. These spheres are likely bismuth that transitioned through a liquid or gaseous phase during the reaction and solidified upon cooling. This phenomenon of spherical formation due to phase transition is well-documented in the literature. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(33)</a><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ACS_Omega_2026_11_3_4668_4683_Figure_11_SEM_analysis_of_B4_after_burning_8fc7a8f520.jpg" alt="ACS Omega 2026, 11, 3, 4668–4683: Figure 11. SEM analysis of B4 after burning: (a) top view (50 ×) of the burned delay element showing the distribution of solid residues across the surface; (b) magnified view (1 k×) of a region rich in bright spherical structures." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ACS_Omega_2026_11_3_4668_4683_Figure_11_SEM_analysis_of_B4_after_burning_8fc7a8f520.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="2092" height="831"><h5>3.10. Surface Chemistry of Combustion Residues (XPS)</h5>Survey spectrum scans identified the main photoelectron lines corresponding to carbon, oxygen, boron, and bismuth. High-resolution scans for the O 1s, C 1s, B 1s, and Bi 4f regions of B4 are presented in <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c10964#fig19">Figure 19</a>, allowing detailed peak deconvolution and chemical assignment.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ACS_Omega_2026_11_3_4668_4683_Figure_19_XPS_high_resolution_spectra_of_O_1s_C_1s_B_1s_and_Bi_4f_regions_for_B4_5c6064d013.jpg" alt="ACS Omega 2026, 11, 3, 4668–4683: Figure 19. XPS high-resolution spectra of O 1s, C 1s, B 1s, and Bi 4f regions for B4." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ACS_Omega_2026_11_3_4668_4683_Figure_19_XPS_high_resolution_spectra_of_O_1s_C_1s_B_1s_and_Bi_4f_regions_for_B4_5c6064d013.jpg 214w," sizes="100vw" width="2049" height="1498">The analysis confirmed B2O3 as a major surface product and indicated the presence of unreacted B4C in the B4 sample through B–C bonds. sp2 carbon was also detected in B4, suggesting possible graphite formation, as predicted in thermodynamic calculations. A2 showed more Bi3+ than B4, supporting that the stoichiometric composition had more residual Bi2O3, while the fuel-rich B4 sample promoted greater reduction to Bi0. The presence of Bi3+ on the surface observed may result from postcombustion reoxidation of Bi0. These results reinforce the proposed reaction pathway and the role of fuel excess in enhancing reaction completeness. In this analysis, the B 1s spectrum further confirms the absence of BN by the lack of B–N peaks, consistent with the EDS results, which also revealed no detectable nitrogen signal.All experimental findings contribute to the fundamental understanding of boron carbide and bismuth oxide reactions under both basic and applied conditions, particularly in delay compositions. These results provide new insights into the reaction pathway and the underlying combustion mechanism.<h4>4. Conclusions</h4>Stoichiometric formulations of B4C/Bi2O3, which ignited when not pressed, failed to burn after being lightly compacted; a fuel-rich composition is necessary to ensure combustion. The fuel-rich compositions ignited readily and maintained combustion without quenching. Water facilitated the granulation process and improved the final composition. With increasing loading pressure, burning rates decrease due to reduced convective heat transfer, leading the combustion process to transition toward a conductive regime. Particle size also impacted combustion, particularly with larger Bi2O3 particles, which influenced the combustion profile up to a certain threshold. Additionally, the granule size of the final composition was found to alter the burning behavior, with larger granules promoting faster combustion at lower pressures.Thermodynamic calculations provided an initial insight into the reaction process. The findings show that the reaction progresses through distinct stages: starting in a solid–solid preignition phase, transitioning to a solid–liquid phase as components melt, and culminating in a gas phase marked by significant product volatilization, illustrating a complete combustion evolution.FTIR analysis confirmed that the main gaseous products are CO and CO2, indicating reduced environmental toxicity. Elemental and phase analyses confirmed that the reaction followed the expected pathway, with Bi and B2O3 as the predominant products. No Bi2O3 was detected by XRD, indicating that the oxidizer was fully consumed in the bulk. Morphological analysis of the products suggests that, upon cooling, bismuth solidifies into small metallic spheres, while surface analysis indicates that B2O3 remains predominantly in the outer layer. Altogether, the results are consistent and complementary, reinforcing the reliability and scientific rigor of the study.All these observations accentuate the necessity of conducting experiments under application-specific conditions. These findings not only enhance our understanding of the combustion dynamics of low toxicity B4C/Bi2O3 mixtures but also underscore their potential for practical applications requiring precise delay times and environmental sustainability. The successful use of water as a green solvent further highlights the viability of developing sustainable pyrotechnic compositions. This research advances the field by providing valuable insights into optimizing performance while minimizing environmental impact through careful material selection and process control.</div>

Sustainable Pyrotechnics: Combustion Behavior of B4C/Bi2O3 for Delay Compositions

In the week from May 11, the following webinars await you in the field of atomic and molecular spectroscopy and spectrometry<blockquote><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinars">👉 DETAILS AND REGISTRATION IN THE WEBINARS SECTION</a></h4>👉 Search and filter in the largest global database with over 5 500 GC, LC, MS and spectroscopy webinars.</blockquote><h5>1. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Uncovering Microplastics: Identification, Quantification, and Exposure Assessment</h5><ul><li>Tu, 12.5.2026 08:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6136">Registration</a></li></ul>In this webinar, we will explore complementary analytical solutions for comprehensive microplastics characterization.<h5>2. SPECTRO Analytical Instruments: Elemental Analysis of Superalloys: Ensuring Performance in Extreme Applications</h5><ul><li>Tu, 12.5.2026 10:30 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6170">Registration</a></li></ul>Learn how accurate elemental analysis ensures superalloy performance, with OES and XRF solutions for reliable quality control from lab to field.<h5>3. Agilent Technologies: What have you been smoking? Elemental Analysis in Cannabis and Cannabis Products with ICP-MS</h5><ul><li>Tu, 12.5.2026 20:30 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6063">Registration</a></li></ul>Learn how automated calibration and dilution streamline ICP-MS food testing workflows, improving accuracy, traceability, and productivity while addressing rare-earth doubly charged interferences.<h5>4. AZoM: Faster REE Exploration Decisions with XRF Technology Explained</h5><ul><li>We, 13.5.2026 16:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6195">Registration</a></li></ul>Join the webinar to see how handheld XRF provides a significant advantage in today's fast-paced REE landscape.<h5>5. Bruker: Advancing Industrial Metrology Automation with Bruker's Dimension AFMs</h5><ul><li>We, 13.5.2026 17:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6172">Registration</a></li></ul>This webinar will explore how Dimension AFM platforms support increasing levels of automation, from scripted measurements to data-driven control.<h5>6. Anton Paar: Polymer Rheology: Impact of Humidity on Material Behavior</h5><ul><li>We, 13.5.2026 18:00 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/5801">Registration</a></li></ul>Discover how humidity impacts polymers and soft materials. Learn how moisture alters rheology, tackiness, curing, and flowability through real case studies across films, adhesives, foods, and powders.<h5>7. LECO: TOC Determination in Soil and Waste</h5><ul><li>Th, 14.5.2026 14:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6038">Registration</a></li></ul>Join this webinar to explore modern methods for TOC determination in soils and waste. Learn how standardized approaches, instrumentation, and method selection influence data quality and regulatory compliance.

Webinars LabRulezICPMS Week 20/2026

Routine chemical analysis typically involves several steps, e.g. selection of procedure, sampling, sample preparation, measurement, result calculation, uncertainty estimation, and reporting to customer. Based on the result, important decisions and actions are taken. The steps before and after the measurement are often referred to as “pre- and post-analytical”. There are many sources of uncertainty associated with this work, some of which can actually limit the overall quality.&nbsp;Proficiency testing (PT) and external quality assessment (EQA) schemes are effective means of assessing the quality of routine analyses. However, if there are specific procedures, either before or after the measurement, which are applied to the routine samples, but not to the PT test sample, the result reflects only the quality of part of the measurement process. Pre- and post-analytical PT/ EQA schemes are already widely used in laboratory medicine. The standard ISO 15189, that underpins accreditation of medical laboratories, stresses that EQA schemes should “... have the effect of checking the entire process including pre- and post-examination procedures ...”&nbsp;The examples in this leaflet illustrate the potential and importance of pre- and post-analytical PT/EQA. They are intended as an inspiration for the providers to further develop their external quality control activities.<h4>Pre- and post-analytical PT/EQA – a means for harmonisation&nbsp;</h4>By illustrating, e.g. lack of adherence to guidelines, or variation in sample preparation, or inconsistency in interpretation, pre- and post-analytical PT/EQA schemes pinpoint problems not apparent in other schemes. This may lead to improved harmonisation and changes to guidelines and standards.<h4>Example 1: Interpreting clinical chemistry information&nbsp;</h4>Patient background information together with analytical results can be used to check agreement of interpretational advice given by medical doctors. This type of scheme can, therefore, include both pre- and post-analytical aspects. The provider, e.g. through an expert group, ranks the quality of participants’ response and suggestions, and presents them in the report with comments.<h4>Example 2: Sampling requests in microbiology&nbsp;</h4>Using the scenario of food poisoning, pre- &amp; post-analytical aspects of sampling requests in a microbiology scheme can be highlighted. The provider gives information about food type, symptoms, and incubation time with a simulated sample. Participants choose which organism(s) to test for. The associated laboratory work involves examination of samples, report on method(s) of choice and results. Participants could, e.g. be asked to specify which toxins or pathogens are likely to cause the food poisoning and state whether or not they will disseminate information, e.g. to hospitals or food suppliers. The feedback report would then show the results of each participant together with the comments of the provider.&nbsp;<h4>Example 3: Toy testing&nbsp;</h4>Faulty design, usage and chance play a role in injury and death incidents related to children’s toys. Toy safety is the practice of ensuring that toys are safe, usually through the application of set safety standards. The PT provider sources a toy, performs visual assessment of its homogeneity, and distributes the samples. Participants are requested to assess the toy against the European standard EN 71 and they have to decide which clauses of the standard apply. The clauses chosen define the test(s) to be carried out. The feedback report will contain a “model answer” including clauses, tests and labeling requirements (when applicable).&nbsp;<h4>Example 4: Monitoring drinking water quality&nbsp;</h4>A post-analytical application can be underpinned by legislation and national regulations (Directive 98/83/EC). Participants receive a synthetic drinking water sample with properties close to one or more limiting values. They are requested to deliver results, uncertainties and a “pass/fail” recommendation to the customer. The recommendations of the provider are listed in the feedback report for educational purposes. Information can be fed back also to regulators to serve, e.g. as basis for further discussions.&nbsp;<blockquote><h5>More information / further reading&nbsp;</h5>Information about PT providers and schemes can be obtained from your national accreditation body, from the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.eptis.org/">EPTIS website</a> or from other national or international organisations.</blockquote>

Pre- and post-analytical proficiency testing

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Eurachem is a European network promoting international traceability of chemical measurements and good analytical practice. It provides expert guidance, supports method validation, uncertainty evaluation, proficiency testing, and facilitates discussion on technical and policy issues in analytical quality.

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A calibration curve or regression is always plotted with the instrument responses on the dependent vertical (y -) axis and the standard concentrations on the horizontal (x -) axis. As a linearity of calibration regression minimizes random errors of the instrument, we aim to find the best straight line to pass through these calibration points.
<ul>
<li>What are the estimated errors and confidence limits we can estimate for the slope (or gradient) and the y-intercept of the line?
</li>
<li>What is the uncertainty of the analyte concentration found on the calibration curve?
</li>
<li>What are the least concentration of the measurand can be detected with, say 95% confidence?
</li>
<li>In other words, what is the limit of detection (LOD) of this method?
</li>
</ul>
This one-day training program is designed to answer all the above questions and others related to the subjects of linear regression of instrument calibration and detection limits including IDL, MDL and LOQ.
<h3>Training Program (8:00 - 10:30 CEST)</h3>
<ul>
<li>Introduction</li>
<li>Different meanings for correlation and regression</li>
<li>Assumptions of linear regression and correlation</li>
<li>Residual analysis – what and how</li>
<li>Uncertainty estimation of linear calibration regression</li>
<li>Must your linear regression always pass through its origin (0,0)?</li>
<li>The most controversial subject in analytical chemistry – Limit of Detection LOD</li>
<li>Different definitions for LOD and its basic concepts</li>
<li>Differences between IDL, MDL, LOQ</li>
<li>Determining LOD by linear calibration model</li>
</ul>
<h5>Who should attend:</h5>
This course is designed for those who want to know more about the sampling procedures and how it affects the validity of their test results, including:
<ul>
<li>Laboratory analysts</li>
<li>Laboratory QA/QC personnel</li>
<li>Lab directors / managers</li>
<li>Personnel who carry out tasks such as method validation and uncertainty estimation</li>
</ul>
<h5>Pre-requisites</h5>
The participants are assumed to have had some basic statistical knowledge such as the calculation of mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, relative standard deviation, etc.
Participants are to have a laptop with Microsoft Excel installed and have some very basic knowledge of how to use the program.
<blockquote>
Presenter: Yeoh Guan Huah
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
Mr Yeoh Guan Huah has B.Sc. (Hons) and M.Sc. degrees in Chemistry and was former Managing Director of ALS Technichem Singapore (1978-2006), former East Asia Regional Manager of ALS Group of Laboratories in Hong Kong and China (2006-2016). He is now the senior partner of GLP Consulting, Singapore.
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
Currently Mr Yeoh is an appointed External Lead Assessor and Technical Assessor of SAC-SINGLAS till 31 March 2025 and had represented DSM/SIRIM Malaysia as a active member of ISO Technical Committee TC 69 (Application of Statistical Methods) and Convenor of AHG1 from 2005-2016.
</blockquote>

Agilent Technologies: Uncertainty of Linear Calibration Curve & Detection Limit

Uncertainty of Linear Calibration Curve & Detection Limit (Part 1)

We will answer all questions related to the subjects of linear regression of instrument calibration and detection limits including IDL, MDL and LOQ.

Uncertainty of Linear Calibration Curve & Detection Limit

A UV-VIS spectrometer is a powerful and versatile tool for material analysis. It is capable of providing very quick information of sample composition and concentration for quality control in addition to indicating how samples change versus time or temperature.
In this webinar, we will go over what is happening when we take a UV-VIS measurement, discuss how measurement parameters can improve our data collection, and look at applications like concentration and kinetics.
<blockquote>
Presenter: Scott Melis, PhD (Application Scientist, Agilent Technologies, Inc.)
</blockquote>
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Scott Melis has a PHD in Physics from Georgetown University in Washington, DC and started with Agilent in 2021 as a Molecular Spectroscopy Application Scientist. In his graduate work, Scott studied nanoparticle formation and growth for a variety of applications. Projects that he worked with include developing processes to deposit and characterize semiconducting molecular nano-cocrystals for use in optoelectronic devices as well as controlling polymer nanoparticle size through rapid mixing conditions.
</blockquote>

Agilent Technologies: Understanding Your UV-Vis Measurements

Understanding Your UV-Vis Measurements

What is happening when we take a UV-VIS measurement, how measurement parameters can improve our data collection, and look at applications.

Contamination is one of the most common causes of deteriorated product quality and equipment performance in industrial environment. FTIR has been proven to be a valuable tool to characterize the contamination rapidly and economically. Agilent’s compact and portable FTIR spectrometers provide a complete product portfolio with versatile sampling interfaces and spectral process capabilities, which can offer great convenience, stability and high-throughput solution to the contamination-related applications.
This online seminar provides a comprehensive introduction to the FTIR testing technology in the contamination-related applications.
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Presenter: Yanqia Wang, PhD (Application Engineer, Molecular Spectroscopy, Agilent Technologies, Inc.)
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
Dr. Yanqia Wang started working for Agilent Technologies Inc. as a FTIR application Engineer in 2013, providing pre-&amp;post-sale application support. The products he covers from Bench-top FTIR microscopes to various Mobile FTIR spectrometers. Dr. Wang received his PhD of analytical chemistry from Duke University in 2004, doing dynamic IR spectroscopy research. Then he joined Fitzpatrick Center for Photonics at Duke University, doing Tissue Raman spectrometer instrumentation. Since 2007, Dr. Wang worked for Avery Dennison Corp. as a spectroscopist, providing molecular analytical support to the research &amp; development.
</blockquote>

Agilent Technologies: Contamination Study with FTIR

Contamination Study with FTIR

 This online seminar provides a comprehensive introduction to the FTIR testing technology in the contamination-related applications.

IR spectroscopy is a ubiquitous analytical technique that was first used during World War II. Since that time it has undergone significant development, providing a means for the analysis of many types of samples both in the laboratory and in the field.
This session will focus on the theory of Infrared and will discuss some modern infrared analytical techniques.
<blockquote>
Presenter: Louis Tisinger, PhD (Application Engineer, Molecular Spectroscopy, Agilent Technologies, Inc.)
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
Louis (Lou) Tisinger has a Ph.D. in Analytical Chemistry from Miami University in Oxford Ohio, where his graduate research involved the study of ATR imaging and microscope performance in vibrational spectroscopy. Most of his career has been related to pre- and post-sales support of FTIR spectrometers, microscopes, imaging systems, and thermal analytical instruments, focusing on analyzing customer samples, demonstrations, post-sales training, troubleshooting, and R&amp;D.
</blockquote>

Agilent Technologies: A Discussion on the Theory of IR Spectroscopy

A Discussion on the Theory of IR Spectroscopy

This session will focus on the theory of Infrared and will discuss some modern infrared analytical techniques.

Why are corrected baselines important in making a good uv-vis (nir) measurement? What are the components of a baseline and what do they tell us about the performance of the instrument? We will be examining these and other baseline questions during this presentation/demo.
<blockquote>
Presenter: Mark Fisher, PhD (Application Engineer, Molecular Spectroscopy, Agilent Technologies, Inc.)
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
Mark, an Application Scientist for Agilent Technologies, has over 30 years of experience in molecular spectroscopy. He has held roles in Agilent&#39;s UV-Vis-NIR, fluorescence, and atomic absorption product portfolios. In addition to identifying industry trends and new business needs, Mark&#39;s responsibilities include application development, pre and post-sales support, as well as acting as a customer advocate for new product and technology opportunities. Mark received his doctorate in analytical chemistry from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln.
</blockquote>

Agilent Technologies: What’s in a UV-Vis-NIR Baseline

What’s in a UV-Vis-NIR Baseline

Why are corrected baselines important in making a good uv-vis (nir) measurement? What are the components of a baseline and what do they tell us?

This webinar will discuss accuracy and precision and how to ensure both. We will show live examples of precision examples and how to improve it. For accuracy we will show techniques like internal standards, standard addition, dilutions, duplicates, spikes and spike recoveries, second source standard type and there uses.
 
<blockquote>
Presenter: Paul Krampitz (Application Scientist, Agilent Technologies, Inc.)
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
Graduate of Bowling Green State University with a Chemistry Bachelor of Science degree. Twenty – five years of Spectroscopy experience mainly Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) Spectroscopy as well as ICP-MS and AAS. Experience also includes X-Ray Fluorescence (ED, WD), Laser Ablation, Inorganic Speciation and Microwave Plasma Spectroscopy. Market Segment expertise includes environmental, petrochemical, metallurgical applications.
</blockquote>

Agilent Technologies: Learn how to Confirm your Data on ICP-OES. Are you getting the Right Result? Are You Sure? 

Learn how to Confirm your Data on ICP-OES. Are you getting the Right Result? Are You Sure? 

This webinar will discuss accuracy and precision and how to ensure both.

Learn how to Confirm your Data on ICP-OES

In this first part of our two-part educational webinar, we will take you through the main considerations of sample prep and sample introduction techniques.
We will also discuss plasma effect and instrumentation maintenance. 
This session “From sample prep to data evaluation using ICP-OES and ICP-MS” will cover:
<ul>
<li>Sample Prep – creating serial dilutions from stock standards
</li>
<li>Sample introduction options and considerations – matrix matching, physical and chemical interferences
</li>
<li>Inductively Coupled Plasma – RF, plasma effects
</li>
<li>ICP-OES and ICP-MS cleaning and maintenance
</li>
<li>ICP-OES and ICP-MS theory of operation
</li>
</ul>
Learning points:
<ul>
<li>Learn theoretical and practical fundamentals for daily operation with ICP-OES and ICP-MS
</li>
<li>Learn about sample preparation, sample introduction and plasma settings to integrate and optimize this technology in your routine analysis
</li>
<li>Learn tips and trick for cleaning and maintenance to improve your analytical performance
</li>
</ul>
Who should attend:
<ul>
<li>Laboratory managers and analysts who work with ICP-OES and ICP-MS systems
</li>
<li>Analysts who want to learn about sample prep, sample introduction and instrument maintenance
</li>
<li>Laboratory leaders who want to leverage the full potential of their instrument
</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
Presenter: Matthew Gregory (Specialist, Sales Support, TEA &amp; DIA, UK &amp; Ireland, Thermo Fisher Scientific)
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
After graduating from the University of Surrey with an MChem in Chemistry, Matthew has gained 15 years’ experience of trace elemental analysis in industry, working in environmental and precious metal research laboratories. In 2018 Matthew joined Thermo Fisher Scientific as an Applications Specialist for the Trace Elemental Analysis product range in the UK and Ireland.
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
Presenter: Niel Williams (Specialist, Sales Support, TEA &amp; DIA, UK &amp; Ireland, Thermo Fisher Scientific)
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
After graduating in 2014, Niel first joined Teledyne Advanced Chemistry systems as an applications specialist and later technical sales specialist. In 2019, he took the role of applications specialist for the Trace Elemental Analysis product range in the UK and Ireland at Thermo Fisher Scientific. Niel holds a BSc in Geology and Planetary science and a PhD in Isotope Geochemistry from the University of Manchester.
</blockquote>

Thermo Scientific: Introduction to ICP spectrometry: Part 1

Introduction to ICP spectrometry: Part 1

The main considerations of sample prep and sample introduction techniques.

In our second part of this educational webinar, we will show you various tips and tricks for performance optimization, method development and data handling.
The session &quot;From sample prep to data evaluation using ICP-OES and ICP-MS&quot; will cover: 
<ul>
<li>System Optimization – Performance reports, Mass Cal/Cross Cal, KED interface cleaning, Conditioning
</li>
<li>Method development – Correct wavelength/viewing mode and isotope selection, interferences – spectral and m/z, determine correct internal standards to use and validation of method
</li>
<li>Data evaluation – correcting for background and interferences, stability, and sensitivity verification, Examine calibration curves for R2, LOD and saturation, QC data, carryover and drift correction
</li>
</ul>
Learning points:
<ul>
<li>Learn theoretical and practical fundamentals for daily operation with ICP-OES and ICP-MS
</li>
<li>Learn about system optimization, method development and data evaluation to integrate and optimize this technology in your routine analysis
</li>
<li>Learn tips and trick for cleaning and maintenance to improve your analytical performance
</li>
</ul>
Who should attend:
<ul>
<li>Laboratory managers and analysts who work with ICP-OES and ICP-MS systems
</li>
<li>Analysts who want to learn about sample prep, sample introduction and instrument maintenance
</li>
<li>Laboratory leaders who want to leverage the full potential of their instrument
</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
Presenter: Niel Williams (Specialist, Sales Support, TEA &amp; DIA, UK &amp; Ireland, Thermo Fisher Scientific)
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
After graduating in 2014, Niel first joined Teledyne Advanced Chemistry systems as an applications specialist and later technical sales specialist. In 2019, he took the role of applications specialist for the Trace Elemental Analysis product range in the UK and Ireland at Thermo Fisher Scientific. Niel holds a BSc in Geology and Planetary science and a PhD in Isotope Geochemistry from the University of Manchester.
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
Presenter: Matthew Gregory (Specialist, Sales Support, TEA &amp; DIA, UK &amp; Ireland, Thermo Fisher Scientific)
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
After graduating from the University of Surrey with an MChem in Chemistry, Matthew has gained 15 years’ experience of trace elemental analysis in industry, working in environmental and precious metal research laboratories. In 2018 Matthew joined Thermo Fisher Scientific as an Applications Specialist for the Trace Elemental Analysis product range in the UK and Ireland.
</blockquote>

Thermo Scientific: Introduction to ICP spectrometry: Part 2

Introduction to ICP spectrometry: Part 2

Various tips and tricks for performance optimization, method development and data handling.

Extracting the full potential of trace elemental analysis instrumentation to meet regulatory, compliance and performance requirements - Part 2 ICP-MS
Join this virtual demonstration of the Thermo Scientific™ iCAP™ RQ ICP-MS to learn how to easily meet and surpass regulatory requirements for your trace elemental analysis. In this online seminar we will focus on three key markets and demonstrate how the hardware and software of the iCAP RQ enhance performance and simplify your analysis.
The three markets covered are: 
Clinical research – Analyse difficult matrices with ease with enhanced system robustness and matrix tolerance. Advanced quality control features within the software simplify data validation. 
Environmental – Discover how the new ceramic PLUS torch enables improved performance and robustness. Find out about how to improve sample turnaround and validate large data sets quickly. 
Pharmaceutical – Learn how the tools in the Thermo Scientific Qtegra ISDS software enable full compliance with the requirements of regulatory frameworks such as the US FDA 21 CFR Part 11. 
This online seminar will conclude with a short panel discussion around the new regulations within each market and how the instrument hardware and software features future-proof your laboratory. 
Learning points:
<ul>
<li>Discover how the Thermo Scientific™ iCAP™ RQ hardware features provide you with class leading sensitivity, detection limits and stability. 
</li>
<li>Learn about how the latest software tools enable integration of this technology into your routine analysis and simplify compliance with your market regulations. 
</li>
<li>Find out how instruments from Thermo Fisher Scientific future-proof your lab, preparing you for stricter regulations with ever decreasing limits of detection, higher accuracy and better stability requirements.
</li>
</ul>
Who should attend? 
<ul>
<li>Laboratory managers and analysts who work with ICP-MS systems. 
</li>
<li>Analysts who want to learn about the latest technology. 
</li>
<li>Laboratory leaders who want to leverage the full potential of their instrument.
</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
Presenter: Matthew Gregory (Specialist, Sales Support, TEA &amp; DIA, UK &amp; Ireland, Thermo Fisher Scientific)
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
After graduating from the University of Surrey with an MChem in Chemistry, Matthew has gained 15 years’ experience of trace elemental analysis in industry, working in environmental and precious metal research laboratories. In 2018 Matthew joined Thermo Fisher Scientific as an Applications Specialist for the Trace Elemental Analysis product range in the UK and Ireland.
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
Presenter: Niel Williams (Specialist, Sales Support, TEA &amp; DIA, UK &amp; Ireland, Thermo Fisher Scientific)
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
After graduating in 2014, Niel first joined Teledyne Advanced Chemistry systems as an applications specialist and later technical sales specialist. In 2019, he took the role of applications specialist for the Trace Elemental Analysis product range in the UK and Ireland at Thermo Fisher Scientific. Niel holds a BSc in Geology and Planetary science and a PhD in Isotope Geochemistry from the University of Manchester.
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
Presenter: Simon Nelms (Product Marketing Manager TEA, Thermo Fisher Scientific)
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
Simon joined Thermo Fisher Scientific in 1996 as an applications specialist for ICP-MS, before taking a 2-year postdoctoral sabbatical at IRMM in Belgium. He re-joined the company in 2000 and in 2014 moved into Regional Marketing for the EMEA area. Simon has recently joined the Product Marketing team, covering trace elemental analysis accessories and software.
</blockquote>

Thermo Scientific: ICP-MS Educational Webinar

ICP-MS Educational Webinar

How to easily meet and surpass regulatory requirements for your trace elemental analysis.

Single Quadrupole Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometers (ICP-MS) are a long-established tool for the analysis of trace elements in a variety of sample types.
With help of a collision cell, they can overcome most interferences and determine key contaminants across many application areas with low detection limits. This is why they are commonly found in laboratories analyzing all kinds of water samples, soils, foods and feed or industrial products. Over the last years, ICP-MS systems with triple quadrupole mass analyzers (TQ-ICP-MS), enabling advanced interference removal based on reactive gases such as oxygen or ammonia, have increasingly found their way from research driven applications into applied analytical sciences, but are still not found in large number of laboratories providing service testing at a large scale. This is despite their proven track record of providing superior interference removal, improving right results first time, and increasing confidence in &quot;right first time&quot; results. The underlying reasons are mainly because of the higher initial investment not only in the instrument as such, but also in additional laboratory infrastructure, such as providing additional gases like ammonia to the lab.
Key learning objectives
<ul>
<li>Understand the differences in hardware and how they translate into better interference removal and superior detection limits
</li>
<li>See how triple quadrupole ICP-MS can help you to overcome challenges in sample type, independent of the matrix.
</li>
<li>Understand what is needed in order to leverage the full potential of a triple quadrupole ICP-MS.
</li>
<li>Learn how triple quadrupole ICP-MS can help you to improve lab efficiency and realize time savings
</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
Presenter: Dr. Daniel Kutscher (Product Marketing Specialist, Thermo Fisher Scientific)
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
Presenter: Dr. Magda Mandic (ICP-MS Product Manager, Thermo Fisher Scientific)
</blockquote>

Thermo Scientific: Understanding the Benefits of Triple Quadrupole ICP-MS in Everyday Analysis

Understanding the Benefits of Triple Quadrupole ICP-MS in Everyday Analysis

Understand the differences in hardware and how they translate into better interference removal and superior detection limits.

ICPMS webinars focusing on Academy/Principles - page 10