<p><strong>Since the beginning of this year, a project to develop a light-based electron microscope, LightEM, has been underway at CEITEC Brno University of Technology (BUT). The principal investigator is Andrea Konečná from CEITEC BUT and the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering BUT, who has secured support for the project through the prestigious ERC CZ program. Over the next five years, her research team aims to develop and test a light-based electron microscope. This technology would allow scientists to adaptively modulate the electron beam during experiments or observe processes over time – capabilities that are not possible with conventional electron microscopes.</strong></p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/CEITEC_VUT_Vaclav_Konicek_Mikroskop_budoucnosti_Spojeni_svetla_a_elektronu_ziskalo_prestizni_grant_4_2062655721.jpeg" alt="CEITEC/Václav Koníček: Microscope of the Future: Combining Light and Electrons Wins Prestigious Grant: Andrea Konečná's group" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_CEITEC_VUT_Vaclav_Konicek_Mikroskop_budoucnosti_Spojeni_svetla_a_elektronu_ziskalo_prestizni_grant_4_2062655721.jpeg 235w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="1067"></p><p>Over the coming five years, Andrea's team will work on improving existing electron microscopes. Her project,<strong> Light-Based Electron Microscope </strong>(LightEM), focuses on the interaction between electrons and light and could help overcome some of the limitations of classical electron microscopy. <i>“We are trying to improve the electron beam. What we want to do is, figuratively speaking, shoot an intense laser beam into the microscope and influence electrons using light. Simply put, we aim to create adjustable ‘glasses’ for the electron microscope using light and change how optics is traditionally done in electron microscopy,”</i> explained Andrea.</p><p>According to her, this approach should bring <strong>higher resolution, new imaging techniques, and the ability to study dynamic processes</strong>. <i>“With light, the resolution should be even better. Moreover, we could image sensitive samples, which is usually problematic. We could also observe processes over time </i>–&nbsp;<i>stimulate a sample with light, for example by heating it, and then dynamically monitor what is happening,”</i> she added.</p><h3><strong>The microscope will offer better resolution and new imaging techniques</strong></h3><p>Andrea points out that standard electron microscopes use magnetic lenses to image and focus electrons onto a sample, but these lenses have imperfections that limit resolution. The best electron microscopes in the world therefore use many lenses – similar to professional camera lenses – to compensate for these defects and achieve atomic resolution. A light-based electron microscope could change this.</p><p><i>“We would like to demonstrate that such complex lens systems </i>–&nbsp;<i>whose production, alignment, and operation are very expensive and demanding </i>–&nbsp;<i>could be replaced by a specially modulated laser beam. Compared to conventional lenses, a laser beam can be used not only for magnification, reduction, or aberration correction, but also offers great flexibility and the possibility to create new ‘exotic’ types of electron beams. Electrons don’t have to be focused only into a point; we can create a beam shaped like a ‘donut.’ In addition, the beams could be modulated quickly and adaptively,</i>” said Andrea.</p><p>According to her, such a modified microscope could be used in many fields. <i>“Thanks to the possibility of light-based modulation of the electron beam during experiments, we could more efficiently image sensitive samples, which is crucial for biology. Or we could detect defects in materials and semiconductor components more quickly,”</i> she added.</p><p>This is highly unique research with no equivalent in scope, either in the Czech Republic or abroad. According to Andrea, only a few studies on the topic have been published so far. <i>“At the time I was writing the grant, only a few theoretical and experimental papers had demonstrated the basic concept </i>–&nbsp;<i>that electrons can be focused or otherwise modulated using a laser beam. But they did not go as far as we would like, namely to create a prototype microscope where part of the standard electron optics is replaced by a laser beam</i>,” she said.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/CEITEC_VUT_Vaclav_Konicek_Mikroskop_budoucnosti_Spojeni_svetla_a_elektronu_ziskalo_prestizni_grant_3_1ec4c49bf5.jpeg" alt="CEITEC/Václav Koníček: Microscope of the Future: Combining Light and Electrons Wins Prestigious Grant: Andrea Konečná's research" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_CEITEC_VUT_Vaclav_Konicek_Mikroskop_budoucnosti_Spojeni_svetla_a_elektronu_ziskalo_prestizni_grant_3_1ec4c49bf5.jpeg 235w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="1067"></p><h3><strong>Unique research supported by the Ministry of Education</strong></h3><p>The project’s strong potential is confirmed by the fact that Andrea Konečná received an <strong>ERC CZ grant from the Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports</strong>. The program aims to support researchers who applied for a<strong> European ERC grant</strong>, succeeded in evaluation, but were not funded due to limited resources.</p><p><i>“There is enormous competition within the European ERC program. I submitted this project twice and both times advanced to the second round, where I presented it and discussed it with the panel. Each time I received an A rating, but unfortunately without funding. The Ministry looks at these European evaluations and ultimately supported my project. To be honest, it is mainly about prestige, because otherwise the conditions are the same. The project still runs for five years, and the Ministry supported it in full, so we receive the same funding we would have received from the European Union,”</i> Andrea noted.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/CEITEC_VUT_Vaclav_Konicek_Mikroskop_budoucnosti_Spojeni_svetla_a_elektronu_ziskalo_prestizni_grant_2_3114b2e414.jpeg" alt="CEITEC/Václav Koníček: Microscope of the Future: Combining Light and Electrons Wins Prestigious Grant: Andrea Konečná's research" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_CEITEC_VUT_Vaclav_Konicek_Mikroskop_budoucnosti_Spojeni_svetla_a_elektronu_ziskalo_prestizni_grant_2_3114b2e414.jpeg 235w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="1067"></p><h3><strong>Two prestigious grants – and motherhood alongside</strong></h3><p>A few years ago, Andrea Konečná also received the <strong>prestigious JUNIOR STAR grant</strong> from the <strong>Czech Science Foundation</strong>, which supports outstanding early-career researchers. She is currently the principal investigator of two major projects, while also balancing motherhood since last year.</p><p><i>“Maybe it’s still too early to evaluate, because my daughter is still small and I was on maternity leave for some time. But honestly, it is demanding. At the same time, the flexibility of our work makes it easier than in other professions. Moreover, the JUNIOR STAR project is already in its fourth year, and several excellent PhD and master’s students have joined during that time, so many smaller projects were able to continue even during my maternity leave. I’m also happy that several of these colleagues will now join the ERC CZ project,”</i> she concluded.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/CEITEC_VUT_Vaclav_Konicek_Mikroskop_budoucnosti_Spojeni_svetla_a_elektronu_ziskalo_prestizni_grant_1_8369f441d5.jpeg" alt="CEITEC/Václav Koníček: Microscope of the Future: Combining Light and Electrons Wins Prestigious Grant: Andrea Konečná" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_CEITEC_VUT_Vaclav_Konicek_Mikroskop_budoucnosti_Spojeni_svetla_a_elektronu_ziskalo_prestizni_grant_1_8369f441d5.jpeg 235w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="1067"></p><h3><strong>A major success for CEITEC Brno University of Technology</strong></h3><p><i>“I greatly appreciate the success of Andrea Konečná, who managed to succeed in a highly competitive environment. It is the result of long-term high-quality scientific work and significant personal dedication. At the same time, I am pleased that at BUT, we are systematically creating conditions to support excellent research. One of the key tools is the <strong>Research Excellence Support Fund</strong>, through which we <strong>motivate and support researchers in preparing applications for prestigious grants</strong> such as <strong>ERC, EXPRO, JUNIOR STAR, or MSCA</strong>. These are precisely the types of projects that push the boundaries of knowledge and strengthen the international standing of our university,”</i> said <strong>Martin Weiter</strong>, Vice-Rector of BUT for Research and Knowledge Transfer.</p>

Microscope of the Future: Combining Light and Electrons Wins Prestigious Grant

<p><strong>This study investigates nutrient exchange between lunar and martian regolith simulants and bioregenerative life support system (BLiSS) effluent. Using ICP-OES, sorption and dissolution processes were quantified, revealing significant release of elements such as S, Ca, Mg, and Na from the simulants.</strong></p><p>Surface and structural analyses confirmed elemental bonding and mineral alterations after reaction. The findings demonstrate that regolith can supply essential nutrients to BLiSS systems, supporting sustainable agriculture in extraterrestrial environments and highlighting the importance of realistic effluent simulations.</p><blockquote><h4><strong>The original article</strong></h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.5c00267"><strong>Lunar and Martian Regolith Simulants Desorb and Weather after Exposure to Bioregenerative Life Support System Effluent</strong></a></h4><p>Harrison R. Coker, Daniella Saetta, Misle M. Tessema, Jackson L. Smith, Charles A. Richardson-Gongora, Jason A. Fischer, Hannah I. Roberts, Luke B. Roberson, and Julie A. Howe*</p><p>ACS Earth Space Chem. 2026, 10, 2, 441–454</p><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.5c00267">https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.5c00267</a></p><h6>licensed under <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><strong>CC-BY 4.0</strong></a></h6></blockquote><p><strong>Selected sections from the article follow. Formats and hyperlinks were adapted from the original.</strong></p><div><div><h5><strong>Background</strong></h5><p>Inorganic nutrient solutions (e.g., Hoagland’s <a href="javascript:void(0);">(1)</a>) are useful for growing plants in soilless systems but require continuous nutrient inputs that are consumed as plants grow. With future plans for lunar and Mars settlements, dependency on Earth-sourced fertilizers will hinder efficient operations. Therefore, extracting nutrients from regolith to enhance sustainable agricultural operations, or improving the regolith’s fertility such that plants directly derive nutrients from the regolith, are both effective strategies that support diverse cropping operations to produce food and fiber resources through in situ resource utilization (ISRU). <a href="javascript:void(0);">(2,3)</a> Broadly, approaches that utilize surface resources from the Moon and Mars to reduce inputs from Earth are deemed ISRU. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(4)</a></p></div><div><h5><strong>In Situ Resource Utilization</strong></h5><p>The extraction of raw elements from regolith is a primary goal of ISRU. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(4)</a> Various approaches for enhanced dissolution of regolith have been studied, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(5)</a> including techniques such as ionic liquids, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(6)</a> eutectic salts, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(7)</a> electro-deoxidation, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(8)</a> and heat treatment. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(9)</a> While promising, these approaches have the downfall of requiring exogenous chemicals, energy, and technology. Alternatively, a basic approach will encompass using resources such as BLiSS effluent to physically weather the regolith. Because of the underlying basaltic mineralogy of lunar and martian regoliths, hydrologic weathering may be a rapid process that deserves further investigation.<named-content></named-content></p></div><div><h5><strong>Bioregenerative Life Support Systems</strong></h5><p>To recycle consumed nutrients from undesirable plant and human wastes, the use of bioregenerative life support systems (BLiSS) that decompose organic matter into inorganic nutrient streams will be used. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(10)</a> Organic wastes (e.g., plant material, human wastes, etc.) generated by lunar and martian astronauts will necessitate recycling via a series of BLiSS bioreactors that result in effluent streams of water, inorganic nutrients, and metabolites of anerobic digestion, which include various volatile organic acids. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(11)</a> A working BLiSS prototype at Kennedy Space Center (KSC), called the organic processing assembly (OPA), utilizes dual-stage anerobic bioreactors and membrane filtration <a href="javascript:void(0);">(12,13)</a> to accomplish decomposition of organic matter, which is subsequently fed to a phototrophic membrane bioreactor <a href="javascript:void(0);">(14)</a> for the complete oxidation of N species. The microbiome of OPA varies across reactors as a function of varying inputs and substrate decomposition. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(15)</a> While OPA is a developing technology in both biological processing and technological command, analogous BLiSS, will be required to create a circular economy of nutrients in space. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(16)</a> Because BLiSS produces nutrient streams that differ from those of inorganic nutrient solutions, investigating fundamental interactions of BLiSS effluent with regolith simulants will help guide future planning and determine uses of effluent for outposts on the Moon and Mars. In this study, effluent from the OPA at KSC was utilized, as it is a high-fidelity prototype of what may be produced in spaceflight and on lunar and martian outposts.</p></div><div><h5><strong>Lunar and Martian Regolith</strong></h5><p>Lunar regolith is relatively homogeneous in elemental composition, with the major difference being the abundance of Ca. A useful classification refers to lunar samples as being “high-Ca” or “low-Ca” above or below 13.5 wt % CaO. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(17)</a> Increasing abundance of nanophase Fe, along with decreasing grain size, is characteristic of more mature lunar regolith. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(18)</a> Lunar samples exhibit low electrical conductivity (EC), though the electrical properties of lunar regolith are especially sensitive to thermal and atmospheric changes. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(19,20)</a> In general, the chemical reactivity of lunar regolith to organic molecules is not well understood, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(21)</a> but as aqueous and oxidizing environments are introduced to support plant life, it should be expected that lunar regolith will drastically change. For instance, exposure to water vapor increases the adsorption of N<sub>2</sub> and Ar, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(22)</a> while the crushing of regolith promotes the movement of trapped vaporous gases into solution. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(23)</a> Lunar simulants have additionally demonstrated increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (e.g., H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and OH<sup>–</sup>) in micromolar quantities when crushed and exposed to the atmosphere. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(24)</a> Lunar regolith contains up to 70% agglutinates by volume, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(25)</a> which are aggregates of mineral/lithic fragments fused together by rapid melting and cooling of glass after meteoroid impacts. Agglutinates are noted to have differing abundances of nanophase Fe<sup>0</sup>, with several hypotheses accounting for their incorporation into the lunar regolith. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(26)</a></p><p>Martian astronauts will have greater accessibility to specific and diverse minerals for ISRU than lunar astronauts. For Mars, there is likely a semiactive hydrologic cycle of hydrated brines <a href="javascript:void(0);">(27−30)</a> that may even support microbial life. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(31)</a> Although glass is a more common feature of lunar regolith, in analog martian sites on Earth, glass-matrices have been identified as the possible profile-controlling minerals. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(32)</a> Martian regolith is high in Fe metal oxides, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(33)</a> chloride, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(34)</a> and sulfate salts, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(35)</a> including perchlorates (ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>–</sup>) and other oxidants, such as hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>), which occur at toxic levels for plants. These salts may limit bioavailability of various metals. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(36)</a> Oxidized nitrogen species, simple organics, oxychlorine phases, and sulfates are widespread, with phyllosilicates and carbonates occurring in select Gale Crater materials, and it appears that geochemical conditions and organic C may have once been favorable for microbial life. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(37,38)</a> Recent evidence from the Phoenix landing site quantified organic C at 83–1484 μg C g<sup>–1</sup> and carbonates from 1.1 to 2.6 wt %. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(39)</a> At Gale Crater, the 2007 Phoenix Mars Scout Mission’s Wet Chemistry Laboratory (WCL) conducted in situ experiments at the Phoenix landing site and found solutions were dominated by ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>–</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, and Na<sup>+</sup>, at mM levels, with sub-mM concentrations of Ca<sup>2+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, and Cl<sup>–</sup> and a pH of 7.7.<sup>34</sup> The minimal leachable ions from surface samples had a corrected electrical conductivity (EC) ranging from 1370 to 1900 μS cm<sup>–1</sup> at 25 °C. As the WCL extraction cell measured soil extracts at 1:25 (solid/solution), the reported EC values would likely be 5–25 times higher using traditional soil approaches (saturated paste extract; 1:1–1:5), indicating a highly saline soil that will need to be remediated prior to being used as a plant growth substrate, of which leaching with BLiSS solutions may be an effective management strategy.</p><h4><strong>Methods</strong></h4><h5><strong>Analyses</strong></h5><p>After the 24 h batch experiment, the pH and electrical conductivity (EC) of the reacting solutions were measured to assess changes to solution chemistry after weathering. Solutions were acidified to 1% HNO<sub>3</sub> and analyzed via inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=3&amp;search=iCAP+7000"><strong>(ICP-OES) (Thermo Scientific, iCAP 7000)</strong></a> in duplicate. Ion chromatography was used to analyze the ions without any sample preparation. Substrate samples were Au sputter-coated (Denton Vacuum, Desk IV) and mounted prior to scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) (Jeol, JSM-IT800). <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2166"><strong>X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) (Thermo Scientific, Nexsa G2)</strong></a> was used on substrates to identify elemental bonding associations by using <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/1489"><strong>Qtegra software</strong></a>. XPS data were processed in the Avantage Data System. X-ray diffraction (XRD) (Malvern Panalytical, Empyrean) was used to assess mineralogical changes to substrates and was performed using Bragg–Brentano mode. The diffraction data were recorded from 15 to 70 two-theta (2θ) degrees. HighScore curve fitting software was used to process the diffraction pattern and compared to the PDF-4+2023 International Center of Diffraction Database (ICDD).</p><h4><strong>Results</strong></h4><h5><strong>Weathering of Substrates</strong></h5><p>Visual observations of the substrates after the batch experiment revealed weathering to the minerals. In JSC-1A, the sharp mineral edges appeared to have some rounded-off features that reduced the overall sharpness of corners and edges (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.5c00267#fig5">Figure 5</a>); however, a quantitative analysis was not available to indicate if mineral sharpness was statistically reduced. In general, the overall particle size was not substantially reduced in a survey of all of the minerals. Notable artifacts of the weathering process include holes in the mineral faces where small particles collapsed and the appearance of webbing patterns in the anorthosite fraction of JSC-1A. Unfortunately, EDS was not able to detect any sorbed elements in these features (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.5c00267#fig6">Figure 6</a>). Because the detection limits of EDS are ∼1000 mg kg<sup>–1</sup>, it is reasonable that no sorbed features were detected, given that measured sorption densities after batch experimentation were lower than EDS detection limits. Further, the probed volume at a given electron energy is below the surface, whereas adsorbents are likely only located on the mineral surface.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ACS_Earth_Space_Chem_2026_10_2_441_454_Figure_5_Lunar_simulant_JSC_1_A_imaged_with_scanning_electron_microscope_SEM_9c6a2aac87.jpg" alt="ACS Earth Space Chem. 2026, 10, 2, 441–454: Figure 5. Lunar simulant JSC-1A imaged with scanning electron microscope (SEM). The electron beam energy ranged from 1 to 3 kV. The Hoagland’s and effluent images are after the 24 h batch experiment." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ACS_Earth_Space_Chem_2026_10_2_441_454_Figure_5_Lunar_simulant_JSC_1_A_imaged_with_scanning_electron_microscope_SEM_9c6a2aac87.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="2000" height="1077"></p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ACS_Earth_Space_Chem_2026_10_2_441_454_Figure_6_Scanning_electron_microscope_SEM_image_of_erosion_spots_on_lunar_simulant_JSC_1_A_after_batch_experiment_7c38902bc6.jpg" alt="ACS Earth Space Chem. 2026, 10, 2, 441–454: Figure 6. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of erosion spots on lunar simulant JSC-1A after batch experiment. Electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) was used to investigate the elemental abundance of erosion regions and was set to 30 keV." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ACS_Earth_Space_Chem_2026_10_2_441_454_Figure_6_Scanning_electron_microscope_SEM_image_of_erosion_spots_on_lunar_simulant_JSC_1_A_after_batch_experiment_7c38902bc6.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="2083" height="1199"></p><h5><strong>Chemical Interaction</strong></h5><p>The elements C, N, P, and Ca were investigated with high-resolution XPS. For C, a major peak at ∼286 eV was observed in all substrates and solutions that corresponded to C–O bonding. Hoagland’s and effluent did not affect the XPS spectra significantly in JSC-1A; however, in MGS-1, there was a notable increase in the Hoagland’s and effluent-treated regolith at ∼294 eV, which corresponds to CF<sub>3</sub> (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.5c00267#fig9">Figure 9</a>). Because F was not quantified, it is difficult to know if F was in differing concentrations between solutions. Hoagland’s was made from DI water and effluent processes a mixture of fecal simulant and tap water; it is unlikely that F was greater in Hoagland’s.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ACS_Earth_Space_Chem_2026_10_2_441_454_Figure_9_Carbon_C_1s_peaks_of_lunar_JSC_1_A_and_martian_MGS_1_simulants_as_unaltered_materials_and_after_batch_experiment_using_XPS_82622dd14c.jpg" alt="ACS Earth Space Chem. 2026, 10, 2, 441–454: Figure 9. Carbon (C 1s) peaks of lunar (JSC-1A) and martian (MGS-1) simulants as unaltered materials and after batch experiment using XPS." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ACS_Earth_Space_Chem_2026_10_2_441_454_Figure_9_Carbon_C_1s_peaks_of_lunar_JSC_1_A_and_martian_MGS_1_simulants_as_unaltered_materials_and_after_batch_experiment_using_XPS_82622dd14c.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="2079" height="980"></p><h4><strong>Conclusion</strong></h4><p>The hydrologic weathering of lunar and martian regolith simulants by BLiSS streams demonstrated increased plant essential nutrients and metals in solution due to highly soluble compounds and easily weatherable mineralogy. Multielement competitive sorption demonstrates low removal of P and K, but high supplementation of Ca, Mg, and S to the solution. The mechanistic differences between the organic BLiSS effluent and the inorganic nutrition solution were predominantly unaccounted for. It stands to reason that longer-term studies may follow up with the provided results to fully determine how supplementation of BLiSS solutions can be obtained from weathering of the regolith. Therefore, further experimentation that improves upon the extraction of elements of interest and increases the reaction time will be useful in fortifying the sustainability of human operations. The hydrologic weathering of sharp mineral edges also deserves quantitative investigation over time to understand whether reducing the abrasiveness of regolith offers an additional aspect of using BLiSS effluent on lunar and martian surface minerals.</p></div></div>

Lunar and Martian Regolith Simulants Desorb and Weather after Exposure to Bioregenerative Life Support System Effluent

<p><strong>In the week from April 6, the following webinars await you in the field of atomic and molecular spectroscopy and spectrometry</strong></p><blockquote><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinars"><strong>👉 DETAILS AND REGISTRATION IN THE WEBINARS SECTION</strong></a></h4><p><strong>👉 Search and filter in the largest global database</strong> with over <strong>5 500 GC, LC, MS and spectroscopy webinars</strong>.</p></blockquote><h5><strong>1. Agilent Technologies: REE determination in waste water and effective doubly charged interference removal by ICP-MS</strong></h5><ul><li>Tu, 7.4.2026 20:30 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6045">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Explore strategies to mitigate REE-related spectral interferences in wastewater analysis by ICP-MS, focusing on doubly charged ions and robust workflows for ultra-trace detection.</p><h5><strong>2. Milestone: Sustainable Sample Preparation</strong></h5><ul><li>We, 8.4.2026 16:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6094">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Learn how to make sample preparation more sustainable using microwave digestion, DMA, and GreenPrep MW Score. Join this webinar for practical strategies and greener workflows.</p><h5><strong>3. Bruker: Advances in AFM for the Characterization of 2D Materials</strong></h5><ul><li>We, 8.4.2026 17:00 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6054">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Explore how AFM enables comprehensive nanoscale characterization of 2D materials. Learn about structural, electrical, and chemical mapping, AFM-IR, and nanomanipulation for device fabrication.</p>

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Shimadzu UV-2600i Plus, UV-2700i Plus UV-VIS-NIR Spectrophotometer

Shimadzu UV-2600i Plus and UV-2700i Plus spectrophotometers deliver high performance with flexible wavelength ranges, advanced optics, and efficient software control.

<h4><strong>Versatile, Expandable Mid-Range UV Spectrophotometers for Diverse Applications</strong></h4><section><section><section><ul><li><strong>The UV-2600i Plus </strong>is a<strong> single monochromator system </strong>with an <strong>expandable wavelength range up to 1400 nm </strong>using an optional integrating sphere, making it adaptable for various needs.</li><li><strong>The UV-2700i Plus </strong>is a <strong>double monochromator system capable of 8-Abs measurements</strong>, ideal for low transmittance samples.</li></ul><p>Both models come equipped with the intuitive <strong>Shimadzu LabSolutions UV-Vis software</strong>, ensuring data integrity and ease of use. Additionally, these spectrophotometers can be <strong>scheduled to shut down or enter sleep mode </strong>to save power and lamp life, and can <strong>automatically wake up at a specified time</strong>, enhancing efficiency. Elevate your analysis with these versatile and efficient spectrophotometers.</p><h3><strong>Features</strong></h3><h3><strong>Perfect for a Wide Variety of Applications</strong></h3><p>The functionality of the <strong>UV-2600i Plus /2700i Plus</strong> can be freely expanded to suit the measurement objective. By accommodating a wealth of accessories, the system can address any user’s applications and a variety of situations. Thanks to intuitive operations, anyone can easily obtain the data required.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_e5efa72f19.jpg" alt="Shimadzu UV-2600i Plus, UV-2700i Plus UV-VIS-NIR Spectrophotometer.jpg" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_e5efa72f19.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1040" height="561"></p><h5><strong>Single monochromator UV-2600i Plus</strong></h5><p><strong>A key feature</strong> of the UV-2600i Plus equipped with a single monochromator is its<strong> measurement wavelength range</strong>. By using the optional ISR-2600Plus Integrating Sphere attachment, the measurement wavelength range can be extended from<strong> 220 nm to 1400 nm</strong>, significantly expanding its applications.</p><p><strong>Integrating Sphere Enables Measurements to 1400 nm</strong></p><p>The<strong> UV-2600i Plus</strong> is equipped with <strong>Shimadzu's proprietary LO-RAY-LIGH™ grade diffraction grating</strong>, which achieves high efficiency and low stray light levels. By installing the ISR-2600Plus two-detector integrating sphere, the <strong>300 nm to 1100 nm</strong> wavelength range of conventional models can be extended to <strong>1400 nm</strong>. In addition, the UV-2600i achieves a significant noise reduction, and can accommodate measurements of solar cell anti-reflective films and polycrystalline silicon wafers.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_11_40f2d1e598.jpg" alt="Shimadzu UV-2600i Plus, UV-2700i Plus UV-VIS-NIR Spectrophotometer" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_11_40f2d1e598.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="365" height="228"><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_12_b71fa50d8f.jpg" alt="Shimadzu UV-2600i Plus, UV-2700i Plus UV-VIS-NIR Spectrophotometer" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_12_b71fa50d8f.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1052" height="433"><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_13_6adf0a1565.jpg" alt="Shimadzu UV-2600i Plus, UV-2700i Plus UV-VIS-NIR Spectrophotometer" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_13_6adf0a1565.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1052" height="466"></p><h4><strong>Measures Slight Differences in Absorbance</strong></h4><p>Equipped with a double monochromator that achieves ultra-low stray light levels, the <strong>UV-2700i Plus</strong> is optimal for measuring low transmittance samples, such as polarization films used for LCD panels. The UV-2700i Plus is capable of <strong>8 Abs measurements</strong>, and can make accurate transmittance measurements to 1 part in 100 million, accommodating a variety of sample measurements.</p><p><strong>Achieves Ultra-Low Stray Light, Enabling 8-Abs Measurements</strong></p><p>In the case of a device equipped with a general double monochromator, the absorbance that can be covered is about<strong> </strong>5 to 6, but the UV-2700i Plus offers a range to 8 Abs, with a transmittance value of <strong>0.000001 %</strong> (1 part in 100 million). This system achieves high-level absorbance measurements with incomparable precision. In addition to measuring even high-concentration samples as is, eliminating the need to dilute samples, the system can be applied to evaluating the transmission characteristics of polarization films. Wavelengths in the<strong> 400 nm to 650 nm range</strong> can be measured to 8 Abs.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_16_a08f314ee7.jpg" alt="Shimadzu UV-2600i Plus, UV-2700i Plus UV-VIS-NIR Spectrophotometer" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_16_a08f314ee7.jpg 164w," sizes="100vw" width="511" height="485"><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_14_0d004ee208.jpg" alt="Shimadzu UV-2600i Plus, UV-2700i Plus UV-VIS-NIR Spectrophotometer" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_14_0d004ee208.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1052" height="466"></p><p><strong>Sample Polarization Film Measurement</strong></p><p>With the rotating film holder (image below), two film samples can be set on the same optical axis. In this example, the polarization film is rotated in the plane, and the transmittance is measured when the film transmits and blocks light.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_1_5ff393836a.jpg" alt="Shimadzu UV-2600i Plus, UV-2700i Plus UV-VIS-NIR Spectrophotometer" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_1_5ff393836a.jpg 163w," sizes="100vw" width="397" height="381"><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_2_f293cd4e0e.jpg" alt="Shimadzu UV-2600i Plus, UV-2700i Plus UV-VIS-NIR Spectrophotometer" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_2_f293cd4e0e.jpg 184w," sizes="100vw" width="450" height="381"></p><h4><strong>Enables Compliance with ER/ES Regulations and Stronger Data Management</strong></h4><div><div><p><strong>Compatible with Validation from PC Software</strong></p><p>Validation can be implemented with PC software using UV validation software. In addition to simplifying daily inspections, this makes instrument performance checks and records management easier, enabling more secure regulatory compliance.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Shimadzu_UV_1900i_Plus_UV_VIS_spectrophotometer_18_1aa29e9a5d.jpg" alt="Shimadzu UV-2600i Plus, UV-2700i Plus UV-VIS-NIR Spectrophotometer" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Shimadzu_UV_1900i_Plus_UV_VIS_spectrophotometer_18_1aa29e9a5d.jpg 232w," sizes="100vw" width="450" height="302"></p><ul><li>Inspection results can not only be printed but also saved to a file, so the results can be called up later for confirmation.</li><li>The inspection parameters can also be saved to separate files for periodic and routine inspections and then called up for use.</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Shimadzu_UV_1900i_Plus_UV_VIS_spectrophotometer_19_7395087cba.jpg" alt="Shimadzu UV-2600i Plus, UV-2700i Plus UV-VIS-NIR Spectrophotometer" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Shimadzu_UV_1900i_Plus_UV_VIS_spectrophotometer_19_7395087cba.jpg 232w," sizes="100vw" width="450" height="302"></p><ul><li>The user can select confirmation of instrument performance indicators as per JIS K 0115 General rules for molecular absorptiometric analysis, as well as the general test methods in the Japanese Pharmacopeia. (Order inspection jigs and reagents separately.)</li></ul><p><i>Note: Optional validation software is required to support the US Pharmacopeia and European Pharmacopeia.</i></p><p><strong>Support for FDA 21 CFR Part 11, PIC/S GMP Guidelines and Other Regulations and Guidelines</strong></p><p>Ensuring the integrity of data (database management), including the user management, user authority management, and data audit trails required for compliance with <strong>FDA 21 CFR Part 11, PIC/S GMP guidelines</strong>, and <strong>other ER/ES regulations</strong> is possible.</p><p><strong>Option Software Assists with Regulation-Compliant Validation</strong></p><p>UV validation software assists with performing the measurements and calculations required for validation. The software is included standard with UV-2600i/2700i models. In addition to routine inspections, it can also be used to perform instrument validation that is compliant with Japanese, US, and European pharmacopoeias.</p><p><strong>Assist Function</strong></p><p>The instrument assists the user to ensure that measurements are performed using the correct procedure.*1</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Shimadzu_UV_1900i_Plus_UV_VIS_spectrophotometer_10_a30e63a8a4.jpg" alt="Shimadzu UV-2600i Plus, UV-2700i Plus UV-VIS-NIR Spectrophotometer" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Shimadzu_UV_1900i_Plus_UV_VIS_spectrophotometer_10_a30e63a8a4.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1201" height="212"></p><p>*1 This function can be enabled/disabled.</p><p><strong>Shutdown/Wakeup Functions</strong></p><section><div><p>The instrument can be shut down, and put into sleep mode. Putting the instrument into sleep mode limits power consumption and helps preserve the lamp. After a long period of measurements, the instrument and software can automatically be shut down. After shutdown, the instrument can also be set to wake up automatically at a specified time. With this function, analysis can start the instant the user arrives at the laboratory.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_15_45b844fcc9.jpg" alt="Shimadzu UV-2600i Plus, UV-2700i Plus UV-VIS-NIR Spectrophotometer" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_15_45b844fcc9.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="781" height="258"></p></div></section><h3><strong>Applications</strong></h3><h4><strong>Electricity, Electronics, and Optics</strong></h4><p><strong>Band Gap Measurements for Compound Semiconductors</strong></p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_3_03d8793fe0.jpg" alt="Shimadzu UV-2600i Plus, UV-2700i Plus UV-VIS-NIR Spectrophotometer: The diffuse reflection spectra for two types of compound semiconductors (red line: Culn0.5Ga0.5Se2, blue line: CulnSe2) used as solar cell materials were measured using the ISR-2600Plus integrating sphere. It is evident that the absorption edge (position where the reflectance drops) differs depending on the sample. This difference signifies a difference in the band gap* for these samples. (The samples were provided by Wada Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Technology, Ryukoku University.) The band gaps for the samples were calculated utilizing the Tauc method. The results obtained were 1.27 eV for Culn0.5Ga0.5Se2 (red line) and 0.99 eV for CulnSe2 (blue line).  *The term band gap refers to the energy difference between the top of the valence band, which is full of electrons, and the bottom of the conduction band, which does not contain electrons." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_3_03d8793fe0.jpg 222w," sizes="100vw" width="519" height="364"></p><h4><strong>Chemicals</strong></h4><p><strong>Thickness Measurements of Cling Films</strong></p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_4_a5e83ed3ad.jpg" alt="Shimadzu UV-2600i Plus, UV-2700i Plus UV-VIS-NIR Spectrophotometer: Undulating interference waveforms sometimes occur if light is passed through a film. The film thickness of a sample can be determined by using these interference waveforms. The figure shows transmittance data for a cling film. A clear interference waveform is produced. Utilizing optional film thickness measurement software, the film thickness is calculated as 10.4 μm. (Caution) The sample's refractive index must be entered for the film thickness calculation." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_4_a5e83ed3ad.jpg 222w," sizes="100vw" width="1038" height="728"></p><h4><strong>Medicines</strong></h4><p><strong>Evaluating Thermal Stability (T<sub>m</sub>) Analysis of Oligonucleotide Therapeutics</strong></p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_5_c80d107f38.jpg" alt="Shimadzu UV-2600i Plus, UV-2700i Plus UV-VIS-NIR Spectrophotometer: Oligonucleotide therapeutics samples (9 to 60 M) were analyzed using TMSPC™-8i and 1 mm optical path length cells. Since UV-2600i Plus /2700i Plus can measure over a wide dynamic range, it is possible to perform a thermal stability analysis of nucleic acid drugs by obtaining the Tm value from the melting curve." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_5_c80d107f38.jpg 222w," sizes="100vw" width="1038" height="728"></p><h4><strong>Construction</strong></h4><p><strong>Window Glass Transmission Measurements</strong></p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_6_41420fd6ba.jpg" alt="Shimadzu UV-2600i Plus, UV-2700i Plus UV-VIS-NIR Spectrophotometer: Two types of window glass were measured utilizing the ISR-2600Plus integrating sphere. The sample shown by the red line is highly transparent to near-infrared light at 800 nm or more. The sample shown by the blue line, however, is apparently not very transparent to near-infrared light." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_6_41420fd6ba.jpg 222w," sizes="100vw" width="519" height="364"></p><h4><strong>Cosmetics</strong></h4><p><strong>Measurement of the Ultra Violet Protection Factor Assigned to Ultraviolet Protection Clothes</strong></p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_7_528f748880.jpg" alt="Shimadzu UV-2600i Plus, UV-2700i Plus UV-VIS-NIR Spectrophotometer: The UV protection provided by clothes and an umbrella were analyzed by an ISR-2600Plus integrating sphere accessory. The transmittance spectrum of the umbrella (green) shows that very little UV radiation transmits through the umbrella. In regards to the clothing, the black areas block more UV radiation than do the white areas." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_7_528f748880.jpg 159w," sizes="100vw" width="474" height="465"></p><h4><strong>Textiles</strong></h4><p><strong>Total Transmittance Spectrum of CNF</strong></p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_8_adb8c09844.jpg" alt="Shimadzu UV-2600i Plus, UV-2700i Plus UV-VIS-NIR Spectrophotometer: An ISR-2600Plus integrating sphere was used to measure the total transmittance spectrum of cellulose nanofiber (CNF). Depending on the raw materials used, spectra can vary, transparency can vary, and spectral tendencies in the ultraviolet region can vary." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_8_adb8c09844.jpg 222w," sizes="100vw" width="519" height="364"></p><h4><strong>Life Sciences</strong></h4><p><strong>DNA and Protein Measurements</strong></p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_9_40a6f16a7b.jpg" alt="Shimadzu UV-2600i Plus, UV-2700i Plus UV-VIS-NIR Spectrophotometer: The red and blue lines are the absorption spectra for dsDNA and BSA (bovine serum albumin), respectively. The concentration values are 45 ng/μL for dsDNA and 2.2 mg/mL for BSA." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_9_40a6f16a7b.jpg 222w," sizes="100vw" width="519" height="364"></p><h4><strong>Foods</strong></h4><p><strong>Vitamin Measurements</strong></p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_10_c7f5e10b1e.jpg" alt="Shimadzu UV-2600i Plus, UV-2700i Plus UV-VIS-NIR Spectrophotometer: This shows the absorption spectra for riboflavin (vitamin B2). The sample concentrations are, in order from the highest absorbance, 0.08, 0.04, 0.02, and 0.01 mg/mL." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Shimadzu_UV_2600i_Plus_UV_2700i_Plus_UV_VIS_NIR_Spectrophotometer_10_c7f5e10b1e.jpg 222w," sizes="100vw" width="1038" height="728"></p></div></div></section></section></section>

Products focused on UV–VIS spectrophotometry from Shimadzu - page 1

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