Analysis of glass: ARL PERFORM’X Series Advanced X-ray fluorescence spectrometers

Significance of the topic

Glass composition analysis is vital for ensuring mechanical strength, durability and optical properties in construction, automotive windshields and specialty applications. Precise oxide quantification supports quality control, compliance and research and development activities.

Objectives and study overview

This application note evaluates the performance of the Thermo Scientific ARL PERFORM’X 4200 W X-ray fluorescence spectrometer in the quantitative analysis of flat glass. The study aims to develop calibration models for major oxides, determine limits of detection for trace elements and assess method repeatability under typical operational conditions.

Used methodology and instrumentation

The ARL PERFORM’X 4200 W system was configured with six primary beam filters, four collimators, up to nine analyzing crystals and two detectors, coupled to a 5GN+ rhodium X-ray tube with a 50 µm beryllium window. Optional helium purge and the LoadSafe design—featuring liquid cassette recognition, over-exposure safety, Secutainer powder containment and a helium shutter—ensure sample protection and analytical stability during routine operation.

Main results and discussion

Calibration curves were established by correlating XRF intensities with known oxide concentrations. Limits of detection (100 s counting time) for common oxides reached sub-ppm to single-digit ppm levels: MgO (9.2 ppm), Al₂O₃ (2.4 ppm), SO₃ (0.8 ppm), TiO₂ (0.7 ppm), Fe₂O₃ (1.0 ppm), As₂O₃ (0.4 ppm), Co₂O₃ (0.8 ppm), Se (0.9 ppm) and SrO (0.9 ppm), while major components (Na₂O, SiO₂, CaO) exceeded relevant detection thresholds due to high concentration. Precision testing over ten repeat runs delivered standard deviations below 0.03% for major oxides and under 3 ppm for trace oxides. Shorter counting regimes maintained comparable repeatability, confirming robust short-term stability.

Benefits and practical applications

• Rapid, non-destructive quantification of main and minor oxides in glass
• Sub-ppm detection limits for trace colorants and contaminants
• High repeatability supports routine quality assurance and control workflows
• Advanced safety and sample handling features reduce downtime and risk

Future trends and potential uses

Emerging developments in automation, AI-driven spectral deconvolution and expanded calibration libraries will further streamline XRF glass analysis. Enhanced beam optics and detector technologies may extend capabilities to novel glass compositions, recycled materials and multifunctional coatings.

Conclusion

The ARL PERFORM’X 4200 W XRF spectrometer demonstrates the ability to deliver high-precision oxide quantification and low-level trace detection in flat glass. Its stability, safety features and analytical versatility make it well suited for industrial and research laboratories focused on glass quality control and innovation.