Fentanyl Detection Using an Agilent Resolve Handheld Raman Analyzer

Importance of the topic

The infiltration of highly potent synthetic opioids, especially fentanyl and its analogs, into the illicit drug market has fueled a surge in overdose fatalities and poses a significant challenge for public safety and forensic analysis. Rapid and reliable identification of these substances in concealed packaging is critical to reduce exposure risk for law enforcement and forensic personnel and to support timely intervention.

Objectives and study overview

This study aims to demonstrate the capability of the Agilent Resolve handheld Raman analyzer, equipped with spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) and a specialized spectral library, for the direct, non-destructive detection and identification of fentanyl and more than 70 analogs through various packaging materials.

Methodology

• Technique: Spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) for subsurface chemical analysis.
• Sample types: Powders, tablets, liquids, and skin patches containing fentanyl or analogs concealed in plastics, glass, paper, cardboard, and fabrics.
• Data acquisition: Handheld measurements collected through single and multiple barriers without sample handling.
• Spectral analysis: Comparison against the Narcotics and New Psychoactive Substances spectral library (version 41).

Instrumentation used

• Agilent Resolve handheld Raman analyzer with SORS capability.
• Continuously updated spectral library covering controlled narcotics and new psychoactive substances.

Key results and discussion

• The SORS approach achieved reliable identification of fentanyl citrate and over 70 analogs behind opaque and colored barriers.
• Spectra exhibited low fluorescence interference, enabling clear detection of signature Raman bands for various fentanyls.
• Direct analysis in original packaging minimized handling risks and exposure to law enforcement officers.
• The portable system delivered rapid on-site results, facilitating immediate decision-making in forensic and field operations.

Benefits and practical applications

• Non-destructive, in situ identification reduces the need for sample transfer and laboratory processing.
• Enhanced officer safety by avoiding direct contact with hazardous substances.
• Improved speed and efficiency in narcotics screening at checkpoints, crime scenes, and field investigations.
• Versatility in detecting a wide range of controlled substances and emerging analogs.

Future trends and opportunities

• Expansion of spectral libraries to include newly synthesized analogs and designer opioids.
• Integration of advanced chemometric algorithms and machine learning for automated spectral interpretation.
• Development of connectivity features for real-time data sharing with central databases and forensic laboratories.
• Miniaturization and further ruggedization for broader deployment in challenging field environments.

Conclusion

The Agilent Resolve handheld Raman analyzer employing SORS technology offers a rapid, safe, and accurate solution for the identification of fentanyl and its analogs through packaging barriers. Its portability and evolving spectral library enhance forensic capabilities and support timely interventions in law enforcement and public health efforts.

References

• Raffa RB, Pergolizzi JV Jr, LeQuang JA. The Fentanyl Family: A Distinguished Medical History Tainted by Abuse. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2017;43(1):154–158.
• Opioid Overdose Crisis: Time for a Radical Rethink. Lancet Public Health. 2022;7(3).
• Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Stop Overdose: Fentanyl Facts.