Preanalytical factors, such as delays in centrifugation and freezing, can significantly impact metabolomics research by altering metabolite concentrations. This study examined controlled delays in blood samples collected in different tube types, quantifying metabolites using NMR spectroscopy and modeling their stability. The concept of a "stability time point" was introduced to mark when metabolite levels change by 20%.&nbsp;The PRIMA Panel, an open-source R Shiny tool, was developed to help researchers assess these effects and generate performance reports. Validated in a biobank setting, the tool enhances quality control and ensures reliable metabolomics analyses.<blockquote><h4>The original article</h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.analchem.4c04938">Validating Centralized Biobanking Workflows for NMR Metabolomics Using the PRIMA Panel</a></h4>Heidi Altmann, Marko Barovic, Katrin Straßburger, Maximilian Tschäpel, Sophie Jonas, David M. Poitz, Alexia Belavgeni, Triantafyllos Chavakis, Peter Mirtschink and Alexander M. FunkAnal. Chem. 2025, 97, 5, 2762–2769<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.4c04938">https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.4c04938</a><h6>licensed under <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC-BY 4.0</a></h6></blockquote>In modern centralized biological repositories (biobanks), it is recommended to collect comprehensive preanalytical information for each submitted sample to effectively control for potential confounding factors and errors. This includes time-stamps for sample collection, centrifugation and freezing times. <a href="javascript:void(0);" aria-label="reference 17">(17)</a> Such preanalytical information can be categorized using the SPREC (Standard PREanalytical Code), which is a seven-letter code that classifies the preanalytical quality of a sample. <a href="javascript:void(0);" aria-label="reference 18">(18)</a> Each letter represents a different preanalytical condition, including sample material, type of tubes, as well as storage conditions. The pre- and postcentrifugation delays are categorized by letters 2 and 6, respectively. These letters categorize processing delays ranging from &lt;30 min (A1) to &gt;48 h (H) and indicate whether the delays occurred at room temperature (RT) or in a cooled state (2–10 °C). In a clinical setting or a centralized biobank the pre- and postcentrifugation delay can vary substantially from sample to sample. <a href="javascript:void(0);" aria-label="reference 19 to 21">(19−21)</a>Measurements of metabolic parameters from such a collection can be problematic, due to the potential range of these processing delays. Here, we investigated the detailed effects of prolonged pre- and postcentrifugation times on metabolic parameters using NMR Spectroscopy with the objective of establishing a sample quality control tool for sample cohorts with varying processing delays. First, experiments were performed to observe the direct effect of prolonged pre- and postcentrifugation delays. These data were then used to generate linear mixed models that allow for prediction and quantification of the changes each metabolic parameter undergoes with prolonged processing delays. Finally, we aimed to validate samples obtained from a preanalytical workflow that contain variable pre- and postcentrifugation delays (e.g., centralized biobank) for NMR-based metabolomics. Here, we introduce the PRIMA Panel (Pre-Analytical Investigator for NMR-based Metabolomics). The PRIMA Panel, an open-source tool, was created to allow researchers to directly assess the preanalytical information on their sample cohorts and observe the effects of preanalytic variability on metabolic parameters. Bruker BioSpin offers a commercially available tool termed BiobankQC, for plasma/serum and urine samples analyzed using NMR spectroscopy and their IVDr methods. This panel provides an overview of proper sample preparation, potential contamination, and the accuracy of NMR measurements. Additionally, it detects the anticoagulant used in collection tubes (e.g., citrate) and evaluates matrix integrity parameters (e.g., lactate, glucose), which reflect preanalytical variations such as bacterial growth or improper temperature handling during preanalytical procedures. The panel also assesses changes in the concentration and chemical shift of rapidly varying metabolites like glucose and lactate caused by prolonged preanalytical delays. However, it only delivers a basic pass/fail output for these parameters. PRIMA was developed to enhance this functionality, offering a broader range of information on processing delays, and a user-friendly overview tailored for biobank users.A cohort from the Biobank Dresden (BBD) was used to highlight a realistic range of preanalytical variations and provide an example workflow for the PRIMA Panel. The PRIMA Panel could prove useful in cases where samples were collected in a unique clinical situation with no possibility of repeating sample collection.<h3>Experimental</h3><h4>NMR Spectroscopy</h4>Sample preparation and 1H NMR spectroscopy measurements were performed according to established protocols <a href="javascript:void(0);" aria-label="reference 14 and 16">(14,16)</a> and following the Bruker IVDr Methods protocols. All NMR measurements were carried out on a Bruker BioSpin 600 MHz AVANCE NEO equipped with a BBI-Probe (5 mm) and a Bruker SampleJet robot with a cooling system for sample storage at 4 °C. A full quantitative calibration was performed before each measurement. The panels used for the metabolic profiles were B.I.Quant-PS (version 2.0.0) and B.I.LISA (version 1.0.0), which include up to 42 metabolic parameters and 112 lipid subclass parameters. The names of the B.I.LISA parameters were changed for clarification (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acs.analchem.4c04938/suppl_file/ac4c04938_si_001.pdf">Table S1</a>). The BiobankQC-PS (version 1.0.0) was also measured.<h4>Analysis and Programming</h4>Metabolites with more than 30% missing values were removed from the analysis. Statistical analysis and model creation were performed in R utilizing the packages “rstatix”, “lme4” and “performance”. Models were created with about 2/3 of the measured samples (n = 20), and the remaining samples were used for the validation cohort (n = 10 for precentrifugation, n = 7 for postcentrifugation). The linear mixed models were created with cell count as a random slope and donors as random intercepts (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acs.analchem.4c04938/suppl_file/ac4c04938_si_001.pdf">Tables S4 and S5</a>). The validation cohort was used to calculate the percentage mean error for the difference between predicted values from the models and actual values of the validation cohort. The PRIMA Panel application was written in the R environment <a href="javascript:void(0);" aria-label="reference 22">(22)</a> and utilizes the package shiny <a href="javascript:void(0);" aria-label="reference 23">(23)</a> to display it as a web application. A web version of the application is permanently hosted on the shinyapps.io platform via <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://funkam.shinyapps.io/PRIMA/">https://funkam.shinyapps.io/PRIMA/</a>. The source code, as well as the original data tables, are available on GitHub via <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://github.com/funkam/PRIMA">https://github.com/funkam/PRIMA</a> and available for local deployment.<h3>Results and Discussion</h3><h4>Pre-analytical Investigator for NMR-Based Metabolomics (PRIMA Panel)</h4>Furthermore, an R Shiny web application was created using the previously presented linear mixed models. This application enables users to assess the effects of preanalytic variation on their data and generate performance reports for their sample collection. The tool is hosted online permanently but can also be run locally using the code deposited in GitHub.The panel is split into two different parts. First, in the “Data” module, the data of the preanalytical variation experiments, the linear mixed models and the stability time points are presented in interactive table and plots. Here, users can set their own threshold (in percent) for the stability time points and the metabolic parameters are automatically categorized into SPREC and sorted according to their time points as a means to explore the data in more detail. The timeline plots analogous to those in <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.analchem.4c04938#fig2" data-tab="pane-pcw-Figures" id="">Figures 2</a> and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acs.analchem.4c04938/suppl_file/ac4c04938_si_001.pdf">S4</a> are also reproduced. This part of the panel is designed as a quick reference guide and as an extension of the data presented here.The “Performance” module of the PRIMA Panel provides a more granular view of the concentration changes of the measured analytes, as well as an overview of the preanalytical information on a sample collection. Users can enter the data for a single sample and explore the effects using an interactive slider (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.analchem.4c04938#fig4" data-tab="pane-pcw-Figures" id="">Figure 4</a>A) or upload a file with preanalytical information on a sample collection. A tool is available to prepare a table in the format required for the reports, which automatically calculates pre- and postcentrifugation delays from date-time stamps. To calculate the postcentrifugation delay accurately, it is also possible to set the centrifugation time in case the time stamps were obtained from the beginning of the centrifugation. The tool also generates performance reports containing the SPREC classification and a variety of visualizations that provide an overview of the preanalytic characteristics of the cohort (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.analchem.4c04938#fig4" data-tab="pane-pcw-Figures" id="">Figure 4</a>B–D).<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Anal_Chem_2025_97_5_2762_2769_Validating_Centralized_Biobanking_Workflows_for_NMR_Metabolomics_Using_the_PRIMA_Panel_Figure_4_4d3dc4d69e.jpeg" alt="Anal. Chem. 2025, 97, 5, 2762–2769 - Validating Centralized Biobanking Workflows for NMR Metabolomics Using the PRIMA Panel - Figure 4. “Performance” module of the PRIMA Panel. (A) Snapshot of the user interface, and presentation of the analytical plots for the reduced DILB cohort of just serum samples (B–E). Histogram, density plot, and SPREC distribution are produced automatically." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Anal_Chem_2025_97_5_2762_2769_Validating_Centralized_Biobanking_Workflows_for_NMR_Metabolomics_Using_the_PRIMA_Panel_Figure_4_4d3dc4d69e.jpeg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="2088" height="1274">The final part of the PRIMA Panel involves predicting levels of metabolic parameters. Here, in vitro changes in concentrations of metabolic parameters are estimated using a combination of two different linear mixed models for pre- and postcentrifugation delays. The prediction results are presented as a dynamic table that users can customize for colors and thresholds (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.analchem.4c04938#fig4" data-tab="pane-pcw-Figures" id="">Figure 4</a>E). The MPE, as mentioned above is included as an interactive input variable and parameters can be filtered using the “Tolerable Error” panel. In summary, users upload a table with datetime-stamps for collection, centrifugation and freezing and the tool creates automated analytical plots, as well as provides information about the metabolic changes expected for each sample. The output can be saved as an interactive HTML document. The PRIMA Panel is permanently hosted online (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://funkam.shinyapps.io/PRIMA/">https://funkam.shinyapps.io/PRIMA/</a>). The source code is openly available and can be deployed locally.<h3>Conclusion</h3>In this study, a combination of pre- and postcentrifugation delays was modeled to obtain a comprehensive overview of preanalytical process for metabolomics samples in the setting of a centralized biobank. The models were used to identify metabolic parameters that change due to these processing delays. A validation cohort was used to investigate the robustness of these models. Next, these models and data were combined to create the PRIMA Panel, which allows the exploration of the data and provides output in form of performance reports. The data presented here highlight the importance of tracking preanalytical information for biobanking repositories. Additionally, it provides a flexible tool to investigate the direct effect of preanalytic delays on metabolic parameters facilitating data driven filtering of samples and parameters to increase the reliability of subsequent analyses.

Validating Centralized Biobanking Workflows for NMR Metabolomics Using the PRIMA Panel

Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezICPMS Library in the week of 17th February 2025? Check out new documents from the field of spectroscopy/spectrometry and related techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT SPECTROSCOPY/SPECTROMETRY RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezLCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezGCMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring you applications by Agilent Technologies,&nbsp;Bruker, Metrohm, Shimadzu and Thermo Fisher Scientific!<h4>1. Agilent Technologies: ICP-OES Quality Control of Elements in Brines Produced by Direct Lithium Extraction (DLE)</h4>Automated analysis of lithium brines using an <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=ICP-OES+automation+system">Agilent ICP-OES Automation System</a><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_icp_oes_elements_brine_direct_lithium_extraction_5994_8041en_agilent_93bdef1f77.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Direct Lithium Extraction (DLE) technology is a selective process designed to recover lithium (Li) from underground raw Li brine deposits while removing impurities.1 Compared to conventional Li extraction methods, such as mining hard rock ores or using brine evaporative methods, DLE is faster, consumes less water and power, produces less waste, and requires less land. Given these process and sustainability advantages, DLE is gaining significant attention from industry, academia, investors, and environmentalists.<h5>Agilent ICP-OES Automation System</h5>Robust instrumentation is therefore needed for the routine elemental analysis of large numbers of brine samples. An Agilent ICP-OES Automation System comprising the Agilent <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=5900+SVDV+ICP-OES">5900 SVDV ICP-OES</a>, Advanced Valve System (AVS 7), Advanced Dilution System (ADS 2), SPS 4 autosampler, and instrument software was used in this study. The Agilent <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=5800+VDV">5800 VDV ICP-OES</a> is also suitable for this application.&nbsp;The 5900 ICP-OES uses a vertical plasma torch and a solid-state radio frequency (SSRF) generator operating at 27 MHz to create a plasma with the stability needed for the routine analysis of brines. The integrated AVS 7 switching valve ensures fast analysis times and reduces instrument exposure to solids in high TDS samples.3 The accessory also minimizes carryover from sodium (Na) and prevents excessive torch devitrification, greatly reducing the frequency of instrument cleaning and extending the lifespan of parts.The samples analyzed in this study were produced using a membrane-based DLE methodology and included a wide variety of sample matrices, with target analytes typically present across a broad range of concentrations. Some key analytes, such as Li, Na, and magnesium (Mg), are particularly important to quantify as they directly impact the efficiency of the DLE process.&nbsp;To account for the different compositions and densities of the DLE samples, the ADS 2 was used to prepare calibration standards across a wide analytical range and to dilute the samples before analysis.4 Both processes can be labor-intensive and time-consuming when performed by an analyst, as well as being potential sources of contamination and errors. The implementation of advanced autodilution technology for ICP-OES enhances sample turnaround time and minimizes the risk of human errors, while ensuring accurate results.<h5>Conclusion</h5>An Agilent ICP-OES Automation System comprising the Agilent 5900 SVDV ICP-OES, AVS 7, ADS 2, SPS 4 autosampler, and ICP Expert Pro instrument software was used to analyze 12 elements in real brine samples. The raw, tail (Li-free), and Li concentrate brine samples were sourced from before and after processing using a membrane-based Direct Lithium Extraction (DLE) technique. All samples were analyzed using a single method in a single run.The IntelliQuant Screening method development tool within the software was used to set the calibration range for the analytes and to select the best analyte wavelengths. The use of the ICP-OES Automation System provided productivity and performance benefits for the brine application including:<ul><li>Automatic calibration. Completely automated calibration from three stock solutions removed the need to manually prepare standards to cover the wide and varying concentration range of analytes in the brines.</li><li>Prescriptive dilution. The ADS 2 was used to automatically dilute all three of the Li brine samples 50 times, so that the samples could be measured in a single run.</li><li>Reactive dilution. The ADS 2 automatically diluted the Li concentrate brine sample 200x in response to the concentration of Li exceeding the calibration range before remeasurement.</li><li>The ADS 2 also performed reactive dilutions on the raw brine (150x) and the tail brine (250x) to quantify Na.</li><li>Results summary report. The software selected the best measurement results to display from the available reactive dilution remeasurement results. It allowed for straightforward data viewing and reduced the amount of time required for manual data processing.</li><li>The AVS 7 minimized the exposure of the torch, nebulizer, and pump tubes to the high matrix samples. It also worked seamlessly with the ADS 2 to improve sample turnaround times.</li></ul><h4>2. Bruker: IR-Spectroscopic Analysis of Polymer Fillers and Compatibilizers</h4><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/AN_M104_Polymer_filler_ALPHA_II_EN_dce568f395.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Many of today’s plastics are multi component systems with multiple constituents like different polymers, fillers, plasticizers and compatibilizers. By systematic selection and blending of these constituents in appropriate mixture ratios tailor made substances with optimized material properties can be made. An important topic for quality control and analytical purposes is the identification and quantification of the individual components present in such plastics.&nbsp;Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy is one of the fastest and most accurate methods for the analysis and quality control of polymers. High quality IR spectra can be recorded in a few seconds; usually there is no need for sample preparation or costs for expensive consumables. Within only a minute FT-IR spectroscopy allows to verify that a given product is within its specification or to quantify one or more of its constituents.<h5>Measurement approach</h5>Nowadays, quality control and routine analysis using IR spectroscopy is mainly performed applying the ATR (Attenuated Total Reflection) technique. As there is virtually no sample preparation required ATR is much more comfortable to use than the conventional transmission mode. For the analysis the sample has to be pressed on the ATR-crystal, which is the measurement interface. From the ATR-crystal, the IR radiation penetrates slightly (a few microns) into the sample surface. The IR detector of the FT-IR spectrometer can then measure the absorbance resulting from the sample. The ATR-technique can be applied for almost all types of samples (e.g. solids, liquids, powders, pastes, pellets, slurries, fibres etc.). The analysis takes less than a minute, including sampling, measurement and data evaluation. By using ATR, it is even possible to differentiate between the top layers of a polymer laminate, which cannot be achieved in transmission mode.<h5>Instrumentation</h5>The very compact <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=8&amp;search=Alpha+II">ALPHA II FT-IR</a> spectrometer with the high pressure Platinum diamond ATR-module is a robust and affordable system that is very easy to operate. Diamond is a very hard-wearing, chemically inert and therefore ideal material for the analysis of a wide range of samples. In the platinum ATR-module the diamond is brazed into tungsten carbide. This extremely robust design allows the application of very high pressure so that even the hardest plastics can be measured. For the measurement of highly absorbing dark samples (e.g. black polymers) and thin layers an ATR-material with a high refractive index is required to limit the penetration depth of the IR-light into the sample. Therefore the Platinum ATR module can be equipped with a germanium (nGe = 4.0) crystal plate. To provide the user an unobstructed access to the sampling area, the pressure applicator can be rotated by 360°. The software is very intuitive and a software wizard guides the user through the analysis procedure.<h5>Summary</h5>The combination of Bruker Optics compact and robust FT-IR spectrometer ALPHA II with a high pressure diamond ATR unit is an ideal tool to analyze polymers, fillers and polymeradditives. The system allows quantifying single components in complex mixtures. The setup of new methods even for chemically similar polymers is quick and straightforward. A very intuitive work flow allows even spectroscopically inexperienced users to perform the analysis. Altogether the ALPHA II is perfectly suited for the identification of fillers, the quantification of mixture components and the quality control of polymers.<h4>3. Metrohm: Moisture content and rheology determination of fluorinated polyolefins using NIRS</h4>Moisture and melt flow rate analysis results within seconds<ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_nir_119_download_ec261a206c.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) is a partially fluorinated copolymer of ethylene and tetrafluoroethylene. ETFE is a melt processable polymer, designed to have high corrosion resistance and strength over a wide temperature range. Some key quality parameters that should be monitored during the production of fluorinated polyolefins are melt flow rate (MFR) and moisture content. The measurement of these parameters usually involves using chemicals and can be time-consuming. Nearinfrared spectroscopy (NIRS) offers users rapid and reliable prediction of key quality parameters in ETFE without any sample preparation or cleaning procedures.&nbsp;<h5>Experimental equipment</h5>273 ETFE pellet samples with varying MFR and moisture content were measured on a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=220&amp;search=NIR">Metrohm nearinfrared spectroscopic analyzer</a> in reflection mode. All measurements were performed in rotation using a large sample cup to reduce the stray light effect caused by varying particle sizes. An overlay of the sample spectra is displayed in Figure 1.<h5>Conclusion</h5>This Application Note demonstrates the feasibility to determine mechanical properties and perform moisture analysis in fluorinated polyolefins like ETFE using NIRS. In comparison to the standard analytical methods (Table 1), quality control with NIR spectroscopy shows obvious advantages regarding the analysis time. In addition, the sample handling with near-infrared spectroscopy is easier to perform and safer since no chemicals are needed.<h4>4. Shimadzu: Quantitative Analysis of Copper Alloys and Differentiation of Sample Types by Matching Function</h4><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_01_00721_en_8e7c9c733b.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul><h5>User Benefits</h5><ul><li>The <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=220-1&amp;search=EDXRF">EDXRF</a> has a smaller footprint than the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=220-1&amp;search=WDXRF">WDXRF</a>, and does not require cooling water or other auxiliary equipment.</li><li>Analyses can be carried out simply without tedious and time-consuming sample preparation because there are few limitations on the sample shape.</li><li>Sample types can be differentiated by using the matching search function provided as a standard feature</li></ul>Copper alloys are copper-based alloys which are produced by adding zinc, lead, tin, or other alloying elements to copper to improve machinability, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, or other properties. By composition, copper alloys are classified as the 1000 seriesto the 7000 series. Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometers (EDXRF) are widely used in applications such as receiving inspections of recycled materials, taking advantage of their excellent operability and simple sample handling, but high-accuracy wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometers (WDXRF) are used mainly in metal manufacturing processes. However, as a result of improvement in the quantitative accuracy of EDXRF in recent years, a wider range of applications, such as use in manufacturing processes, is expected in the future. This article introduces an evaluation of the analytical performance of the Shimadzu <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=EDX-7200">EDX-7200</a> in an analysis of copper alloys, focusing on the following items.<ul><li>Quantitative analysis by the calibration curve method (accuracy of calibration curves, lower limit of quantitation, repeatability)</li><li>FP (fundamental parameter) qualitative/quantitative analysis and matching function</li></ul><h5>Conclusion</h5>This article has introduced an evaluation of the analytical performance of the EDX-7200, using copper alloys as an example. In the quantitative analysis by the calibration curve method, repeatability was evaluated, showing that results with high reliability can be obtained. The qualitative/quantitative analysis by the FP method also showed that samples can be differentiated easily by using the matching search function of the EDX-7200. Thus, the EDX-7200 offers a combination of merits. In addition to excellent analytical performance and a small installation footprint, there is no need cooling water or other auxiliary equipment, there are few limitations on the sample shape, and highly accurate analysis of samples even in their original shape is possible. Based on these advantages, It is expected that EDX-7200 will be widely used to replace analysis using WDXRF.<h4>5. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Reliable and productive analysis of food samples using single quadrupole ICP-MS&nbsp;</h4><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/AN_003603_Reliable_and_productive_analysis_of_food_samples_using_single_quadrupole_ICP_MS_c68b045824.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is the technique of choice for accurately measuring toxic elements, especially for analytical testing laboratories. At the same time, it also allows the analysis of major nutritional elements present in concentrations several orders of magnitude higher. However, sample matrix variability and the large sample load usually found in testing laboratories may lead to challenges like unstable internal standard recoveries outside acceptable ranges, quality control failures and drift, rapid degradation of instrument performance. If left unaddressed, these may cause unexpected downtime and interruptions to the overall laboratory productivity.This study describes how the Thermo Scientific™<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=3&amp;search=+iCAP+MSX"> iCAP™ MSX</a> ICP-MS instrument, equipped with argon gas dilution (AGD), is able to reliably overcome these challenges and enables seamless multielement analysis of different kinds of food samples with simplicity.<h5>Conclusion</h5>This study demonstrates how the iCAP MSX ICP-MS fulfils the requirements of food testing laboratories and resolves the typical challenges associated with this sample type. Close to 7,000 food samples were measured in this study over eight weeks where daily sequences ran for more than 12 hours with stable data, negligible analytical drift, excellent internal standard response, and without the need for any maintenance actions.<ul><li>The use of AGD allowed effective handling of matrix and compositional variability introduced by widely different food samples, commonly analyzed together on the same day in analytical testing laboratories.</li><li>Accuracy and precision were demonstrated using applicable certified reference materials, which were successfully analyzed and quantified with excellent recoveries.</li><li>High concentrations of nutritional elements were accurately measured alongside accurate quantification of low-level toxic elements in the same samples.</li><li>Specially challenging elements like arsenic, typically expected in the range of a few µg·kg-1 or lower in food samples were measured and quantified using He-KED mode. Mathematical correction using half mass signals was further used to reduce the impact of rare earth elements, potentially present in some samples.</li></ul>

News from LabRulezICPMS Library - Week 8, 2025

Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezICPMS Library in the week of 24th February 2025? Check out new documents from the field of spectroscopy/spectrometry and related techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT SPECTROSCOPY/SPECTROMETRY RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezLCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezGCMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring you application notes by Agilent Technologies,&nbsp;Bruker, Metrohm, Shimadzu and Thermo Fisher Scientific!<h4>1. Agilent Technologies: Sustainable Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling: Recovery of Metals in Green Solvents by ICP-OES</h4><h5>Fast analysis of deep eutectic solvents using Agilent <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=1&amp;search=5800+VDV">5800 VDV</a> ICP-OES with switching valve</h5><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_green_solvent_battery_recycling_5800_icp_oes_5994_8017en_agilent_d95e03655d.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Currently, two primary industrial processes are used for recycling spent LIBs: pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy. Pyrometallurgy involves the high-temperature extraction of metals, which is energy demanding and yields relatively poor-quality output.3 Hydrometallurgy requires the use of numerous extractants and a longer process but achieves better metal recoveries than pyrometallurgy.3 However, the hydrometallurgical process produces large quantities of acidic and alkaline wastewater, which can threaten the environment if not properly managed.3Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are an emerging class of green solvents that offer a novel solution for LIB recycling. Made from mixtures of biodegradable components, DESs are easy to prepare, inexpensive, nontoxic, and reusable.4 Scientists are actively investigating how the unique properties of DESs can be used to efficiently leach critical metals from spent LIBs.4 To verify the effectiveness of DESs in terms of metal-recovery rates, researchers often use a multi-element analytical technique such as inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). However, analyzing leached metals in DESs by ICP-OES is not without its challenges. The high Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) matrix samples can cause wear on the sample introductory system, potentially introducing errors in the results. There is also a need for a wide Linear Dynamic Range (LDR), as the elemental profile of end-of-life LIBs can vary greatly.The Agilent 5800 Vertical Dual View (VDV) ICP-OES is widely used to determine metals and other elements in LIB battery materials.5 Designed for robustness and stability, the 5800 enables the fast, simultaneous measurement of over 70 elements in many sample types. The wide LDR of the instrument’s Vista Chip III detector enables a range of elements to be analyzed in the same sample, avoiding the need to perform multiple dilutions.6 This field-proven instrument uses advanced tools and accessories to support the development of new methods, making it ideal for LIB recycling initiatives, such as facilitating the recovery of valuable metals using DESs.&nbsp;In this application, the 5800 VDV ICP-OES was used to determine eight representative elements of spent LIBs spiked in a choline chloride and urea (ChCl:Urea) DES solution. The analytes aluminum (Al), Co, copper (Cu), iron (Fe), Li, manganese (Mn), Ni, and phosphorus (P) were selected based on their presence in various types of cathode active materials (CAMs).&nbsp;<h4>Conclusion</h4>The Agilent 5800 VDV ICP-OES with the integrated AVS 7 switching valve effectively determined valuable LIB-related elements in DES. Leaching metals from end-of-life LIBs using DESs offers a more sustainable alternative to traditional metallurgical processes for battery recycling. Under the control of Agilent ICP Expert Pro software, the 5800 enabled the fast, robust, and accurate analysis of eight representative elements of LIBs in a spiked ChCl:Urea DES solution. The following hardware and software tools were used to ensure the quality of the quantitative data:<ul><li>IntelliQuant Screening streamlined method development by recommending optimal calibration ranges and interference-free wavelengths for all analytes, ensuring accurate analysis of analytes in DESs.</li><li>The AVS 7 improved sample throughput requiring only 41 s per sample compared to 90 s without the AVS. It also minimized costs by lowering argon consumption to 9.8 L per sample and less frequent cleaning of consumables such as the torch and nebulizer.</li><li>FBC automatically corrected the background structures for Al, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and P and FACT deconvoluted the Li peak from more complex background spectra.&nbsp;</li></ul>The accuracy of the 5800 ICP-OES method was confirmed by recoveries of all analytes spiked at high and low levels in DES, with results within 100 ±10%. Excellent long-term stability was demonstrated when 645 solutions were analyzed over seven hours. Recoveries of the QCs and spiked DES samples were within ±10% of the expected values. Good precision was achieved for the spiked DES sample measurements, with RSDs ≤2.2% for all elements. The performance of the 5800 VDV ICP-OES with AVS 7 demonstrates its suitability for the fast, quantitative analysis of critical LIB-related elements such as Co, Mn, and Li in complex matrices like ChCl:Urea DES.<h4>2. Bruker: Analysis of Pet Food with FT-NIR Spectroscopy</h4><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/AN_N308_Petfood_EN_a5a1ea8cdd.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Pets are today an important part of peoples lives. Therefore consumers trust in brands which guarantee the best quality for their individual animal, since pets of different breed, size and age often need a special nutrient profile in their diet. Pet food producers have to provide a vast amount of different products, produced at an acceptable cost.&nbsp;<h5>From raw materials to finished pet food</h5>The biggest challenge in pet food production is to keep track of the different recipes depending on the availability of the expensive raw materials. Depending on origin and season, they often show huge batch-to-batch variability; nevertheless, feeding the least cost formulation programs with valid compositional data is essential and a fast and accurate analysis, providing results in seconds can help keeping track of the production process.Near infrared spectroscopy is used in agriculture for many decades for the analysis of main constituents like moisture, fat and protein. It is fast and safe, since it requires little to no sample preparation, nor hazardous chemicals or gases. This makes a quick test of the incoming raw material using FT-NIR available even to production staff, before processing the materials and also allows a fast way of testing the final material before packaging.<h5>Easy sampling and measurement</h5>Solid samples like like raw materials and finished pet food are filled in cups with a quartz glass bottom, placed on the integrating sphere of the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=10&amp;search=MPA+II">MPA II</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=10&amp;search=TANGO-R">TANGO-R</a> spectrometer and measured from below. This way, the product has an even surface and for highly reproducible results, it is rotated during the measurement. Liquid samples like oils and fats are are simply filled in 8mm glass vials and are measured in the sample compartment of the MPA II or TANGO-T.<h4>3. Metrohm: Polyethylene content determination in polypropylene pellets by NIRS</h4><h5>Rapid analysis of recycled polyolefins</h5><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_nir_124_download_db3dcba358.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Next to polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) is the most widely used plastic worldwide. Recycling these polyolefins is problematic, since it is challenging to separate polyethylene from polypropylene using sink float separation. Increasing PE content in PP leads to a poor interfacial bond strength which could negatively impact the mechanical properties of the final molded product.An efficient method to determine the polyolefin composition based on near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) analysis is presented in this Application Note. The main advantage is the short time to result. Compared to the time-consuming standard method (i.e., Differential Scanning Calorimetry or DSC), the analysis of polyethylene content in polypropylene using near-infrared spectroscopy is performed in just seconds.<h4>Experimental equipment</h4>Different polymer blends (n = 54) with varying polyethylene content from 0.5–35% were produced in a compounder. The polyethylene content was determined by weighing before the polymer blends were produced. All measurements on the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=56&amp;search=OMNIS+NIR">OMNIS NIR</a> Analyzer Solid (Figure 1) were performed in rotation using a large sample cup to average the subsample spectra. This sample setup reduces the influence of the particle size distribution of the polymer particles.<h4>Conclusion</h4>This Application Note shows the feasibility of NIR spectroscopy for the analysis of polyolefins. Detecting PE concentrations below 5% with the standard Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) method can be challenging and time consuming. Compared to DSC measurements (Table 2), near-infrared analysis saves significant time: one sample measurement is performed in a couple of seconds. Next to PE content, physical parameters like density can also be determined with NIRS.&nbsp;<h4>4. Shimadzu: Three-Point Bending Fatigue Tests of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic Using the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=3&amp;search=SEM+Servopulser">SEM Servopulser</a></h4><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_01_00793_en_a50aabfd66.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>User Benefits:<ul><li>The SEM Servopulser can perform three-point bending fatigue tests of carbon fiber reinforced plastic.</li><li>The SEM Servopulser can also be used to observe fatigue cracks.</li><li>High-accuracy dynamic control can be achieved with the Servo Controller 4830</li></ul>Carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) has high specific strength and stiffness and is widely used in various industrial fields, including transport vehicles. In order to ascertain its long-term reliability and durability as a structural material, it is necessary to evaluate it for fatigue, one of the main causes of structural failure. However, since CFRP is composed of two types of materials, carbon fibers and matrix resin, it exhibits complex behaviors in failure, such as matrix cracking, inter-layer delamination,and fiber rupture.This article describes bending fatigue tests that used the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=3&amp;search=Servopulser+EHF-L">Servopulser EHF-L</a> tabletop dynamic and fatigue testing system. The extension of cracks during the fatigue tests was observed using the SEM Servopulser, a high-temperature fatigue testing machine with a scanning electron microscope.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Bending fatigue tests were performed on CFRP using a fatigue testing system, and the resulting S-N curve was compiled. Then the conditions were set on the SEM Servopulser based on the SN curve obtained, and damage to the test specimen was observed during the test. By changing the magnification on the SEM, it was possible to observe the damage location on the test specimen in detail. As the test progressed, it was possible to clearly observe how the damage progressed. In this way, the SEM Servopulser demonstrated it can assist in evaluating the fatigue properties of composite materials,such as CFRP.&nbsp;<h4>5. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Measurement of traces of heavy metals in cosmetic raw materials and finished products according to ISO/DIS 21392:2021 using triple quadrupole ICP-MS</h4><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/AN_003602_Measurement_of_traces_of_heavy_metals_in_cosmetic_raw_materials_and_finished_products_according_to_ISO_DIS_21392_2021_using_triple_quadrupole_ICP_MS_c71fff2bcc.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>This application note highlights a complete and comprehensive workflow for the analysis of heavy metals in different types of cosmetic products, including raw materials, and will demonstrate the need to use triple quadrupole ICP-MS technology to achieve complete interference removal. As described in ISO/DIS 21392:2021, the samples were prepared using a microwave system prior to analysis.<h4>Experimental</h4>A Thermo Scientific™ <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=2&amp;search=iCAP%E2%84%A2+MTX+">iCAP™ MTX </a>ICP-MS and a Thermo Scientific™<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=2&amp;search=+iSC-65"> iSC-65</a> autosampler were used for analysis. The ICP-MS was operated using the parameters highlighted in Table 1. Due to the great variability of total dissolved solids (TDS) used in cosmetic matrices, the instrument was operated using Argon Gas Dilution (AGD). Thus, all calibration standards and samples were automatically diluted approximately five times to ensure analytical robustness for all sample types, such as raw materials and finished products. Due to the potential presence of interferences, the iCAP MTX ICP-MS was operated in collision (SQ-KED) and reaction (TQ-O2) modes to remove polyatomic and isobaric interferences, and to reach the best quantification limits for critical elements.<h4>Conclusion</h4>As the demand for cosmetic products continues to grow worldwide, the testing of raw materials and finished cosmetic products becomes a key activity to ensure consumer safety with respect to exposure to potentially toxic heavy metals. Maintaining stringent safety standards remains a priority to protect consumer health and uphold the reputation of the industry. The proposed method provides a powerful and reliable option for both manufacturers as well as testing laboratories to obtain high quality data in combination with the often-required productivity. It ensures regulatory compliance with ISO/DIS 21392:2021, but also provides valuable insights as also other elements, currently not under regulation, can be determined free from interferences and potential biases.Some key advantages are summarized below:<ul><li>The automated sample preparation with the combination of the EasyFILL Acid Delivery and the ultraWAVE SRC microwave system ensures an efficient and reproducible method for the acid digestion of the cosmetic samples.</li><li>EasyAGD delivers a constant and automatic 5-times dilution for all samples, which allows laboratories to analyze finished products as well as raw materials in the same batch with excellent robustness.</li><li>The use of the iCAP MTX ICP-MS allows the leveraging of oxygen as a reactive gas in TQ-O2 mode to overcome critical interferences and to obtain the lower quantification limits required by the regulation for highly toxic heavy metals.</li><li>The presence of high concentrations of tungsten, tin, and zirconium in certain raw materials can create isobaric and polyatomic interferences on toxic heavy metals such as mercury and cadmium. The use of TQ-O2 mode guarantees excellent method accuracy for all sample types.</li><li>Workflows can be further streamlined using innovative features such as the Get Ready process for automatic and scheduled plasma start. The Thermo Scientific™ Hawk™ Consumables and Maintenance Assistant within Qtegra ISDS Software allows contract testing laboratories to ensure all maintenance activities are accomplished before unexpected downtime of the system impacts laboratory productivity.</li></ul>

News from LabRulezICPMS Library - Week 9, 2025

In the week from February 24, the following webinars await you in the field of atomic and molecular spectroscopy and spectrometry<blockquote><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinars">👉 DETAILS AND REGISTRATION IN THE WEBINARS SECTION</a>👉 Search and filter in the largest global database with over 4 000 GC, LC, MS and spectroscopy webinars.</blockquote><h5>1. C&amp;EN/Repligen: Real-Time, Dilution-Free Concentration Measurement Using Variable Pathlength Spectroscopy for Biopharmaceutical Workflows</h5><ul data-start="2653" data-end="2689"><li data-start="2653" data-end="2676">Tu, 25.2.2025</li><li data-start="2677" data-end="2689"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/4725">Registration</a></li></ul>The new CTech™ SoloVPE® PLUS, which utilizes variable pathlength technology to enable dilution-free, real-time concentration measurements across a wide range of analytes will be introduced.<h5>2. Agilent Technologies: Detecting Microplastics in Cannabis: An Analysis Using LDIR Spectroscopy</h5><ul data-start="2653" data-end="2689"><li data-start="2653" data-end="2676">Tu, 25.2.2025</li><li data-start="2677" data-end="2689"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/2772">Registration</a></li></ul>Detecting Microplastics in Cannabis: An Analysis Using LDIR Spectroscopy.<h5>3. Agilent Technologies: Trace Level Elemental Analysis of Metals in Drinking Water by ICP-MS According to Directive (EU) 2020/2184</h5><ul data-start="2653" data-end="2689"><li data-start="2653" data-end="2676">We, 26.2.2025</li><li data-start="2677" data-end="2689"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/4711">Registration</a></li></ul>A complete workflow from sample introduction to the final reporting highlighting exemplary results showing how the mandated LOQs detailed in the EU regulation can be met by modern analytical laboratories.<h5>4. Wiley: Advances in Spectral Identification: SmartSpectra, Classifications, &amp; More!</h5><ul data-start="2425" data-end="2462"><li data-start="2425" data-end="2449">We, 26.2.2025</li><li data-start="2450" data-end="2462"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/4789">Registration</a></li></ul>This webinar covers the latest advances in spectral analysis, including Wiley’s KnowItAll models, SmartSpectra, and functional group analysis tools.<h5>5. Bruker: Explore Automated Workflows with the Fourier 80 Benchtop NMR Spectrometer</h5><ul data-start="2208" data-end="2245"><li data-start="2208" data-end="2232">We, 26.2.2025</li><li data-start="2233" data-end="2245"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/4680">Registration</a></li></ul>Explore automated workflows with the Fourier 80 benchtop NMR spectrometer.<h5>6. Mettler-Toledo: Live Webinar: Characterization of Thermoplastics by Thermal Analysis</h5><ul data-start="1997" data-end="2035"><li data-start="1997" data-end="2022">Th, 27.2.2025</li><li data-start="2023" data-end="2035"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/4553">Registration</a></li></ul>Unlock the secrets of your thermoplastics with essential thermal analysis techniques.<h5>7. Bruker: The New Future of Micro-CT and 3D X-Ray Microscopy</h5><ul data-start="1800" data-end="1838"><li data-start="1800" data-end="1825">Th, 27.2.2025</li><li data-start="1826" data-end="1838"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/4718">Registration</a></li></ul>Discover the new, enhanced 3D imaging system.<h5>8. Bruker: Biomechanical Analysis of Tissues, Organoids, and 3D Cellular Structures using AFM</h5><ul data-start="1501" data-end="1539"><li data-start="1501" data-end="1526">Th, 27.2.2025</li><li data-start="1527" data-end="1539"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/4771">Registration</a></li></ul>Join us and special guest speaker Dr. Lydia Powell, Swansea University Medical School, for this webinar on the Biomechanical Analysis of Tissues, Organoids, and 3D Cellular Structures using AFM.

Webinars LabRulezICPMS Week 9/2025

ICP-MS triple quadrupole as analytical technique for the characterization of metal contamination processes in commercial flours for food safety

In the week from March 3, the following webinars await you in the field of atomic and molecular spectroscopy and spectrometry<blockquote><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinars">👉 DETAILS AND REGISTRATION IN THE WEBINARS SECTION</a>👉 Search and filter in the largest global database with over 4 000 GC, LC, MS and spectroscopy webinars.</blockquote><h5>1. Anton Paar: Battery Materials</h5><ul data-start="2653" data-end="2689"><li data-start="2653" data-end="2676">Tu, 4.3.2025 19:00 CET</li><li data-start="2677" data-end="2689"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/4453">Registration</a></li></ul>This webinar highlights the critical role of mechanical property testing in evaluating the performance and reliability of battery materials.<h5>2. Agilent Technologies: Lithium-Ion Battery Industry Chain: Quality Control Insights from Elemental Analysis of High TDS Raw Materials and More by ICP-OES</h5><ul data-start="2653" data-end="2689"><li data-start="2653" data-end="2676">Tu, 4.3.2025 21:30 (CET)</li><li data-start="2677" data-end="2689"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/2441">Registration</a></li></ul>During this talk, a review of data collected from ICP-OES on various battery materials will be discussed with special emphasis on high TDS samples.

Webinars LabRulezICPMS Week 10/2025

News from LabRulezICPMS Library - Week 10, 2025

This study aimed to develop a high-throughput HPLC-ICP-MS method for the simultaneous quantification of inorganic mercury (Hg²⁺) and methylmercury (MeHg⁺) in human breast milk. The method was validated using a certified reference material, achieving 99% accuracy.A 4-month analysis of breast milk samples from 10 participants examined the effects of collection method and timing on mercury speciation. The results revealed correlations between mercury species, fat content, and selenium, with MeHg⁺ concentrations being higher in hindmilk. The study highlights the importance of accurate mercury speciation and proper breast milk collection methodologies.<blockquote><h4>The original article</h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0026265X25004965">High-throughput mercury speciation analysis of breast milk using HPLC-ICP-MS</a></h4>Kenta Iwai, Miyuki Iwai-Shimada, Nozomi Tatsuta, Yayoi Kobayashi, Kaname Asato, Mitsuo Nishimoto, Kunihiko Nakai, Shoji F. NakayamaMicrochemical Journal, Volume 211, April 2025, 113142<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2025.113142">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2025.113142</a><h6>licensed under <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC-BY 4.0</a></h6></blockquote>Selected sections from the article follow. Formats and hyperlinks were adapted from the original.<h3>1. Introduction</h3>Mercury is a global pollutant released into the oceans and atmosphere as a result of economic activities such as gold mining and natural phenomena such as volcanic eruptions <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0026265X25004965#b0005" name="bb0005" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener="true" data-xocs-content-type="reference" data-xocs-content-id="b0005">[1]</a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0026265X25004965#b0010" name="bb0010" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener="true" data-xocs-content-type="reference" data-xocs-content-id="b0010">[2]</a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0026265X25004965#b0015" name="bb0015" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener="true" data-xocs-content-type="reference" data-xocs-content-id="b0015">[3]</a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0026265X25004965#b0020" name="bb0020" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener="true" data-xocs-content-type="reference" data-xocs-content-id="b0020">[4]</a>. This element is present in the environment in various chemical forms, and the sources of exposure, health effects, and toxicokinetics differ significantly among chemical species; therefore, it is necessary to estimate the exposure level of each chemical species <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0026265X25004965#b0025" name="bb0025" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener="true" data-xocs-content-type="reference" data-xocs-content-id="b0025">[5]</a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0026265X25004965#b0030" name="bb0030" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener="true" data-xocs-content-type="reference" data-xocs-content-id="b0030">[6]</a>. Methylmercury (MeHg+), the chemical form of mercury of greatest concern in terms of human toxicity, is converted from inorganic mercury (Hg2+) by microorganisms, and individuals are exposed to it through the consumption of seafood. Nervous system disorders as well as cardiovascular and other effects have&nbsp;been reported&nbsp;following exposure to MeHg+ <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0026265X25004965#b0035" name="bb0035" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener="true" data-xocs-content-type="reference" data-xocs-content-id="b0035">[7]</a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0026265X25004965#b0040" name="bb0040" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener="true" data-xocs-content-type="reference" data-xocs-content-id="b0040">[8]</a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0026265X25004965#b0045" name="bb0045" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener="true" data-xocs-content-type="reference" data-xocs-content-id="b0045">[9]</a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0026265X25004965#b0050" name="bb0050" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener="true" data-xocs-content-type="reference" data-xocs-content-id="b0050">[10]</a>. The Minamata Convention on Mercury was established&nbsp;to regulate anthropogenic mercury emissions and advocate for the global monitoring of mercury exposure levels <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0026265X25004965#b0055" name="bb0055" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener="true" data-xocs-content-type="reference" data-xocs-content-id="b0055">[11]</a>. Nevertheless, given that mercury remains a pervasive environmental pollutant, continuous global monitoring continues to be imperative.Exposure to mercury during the vulnerable period from the fetal stage to infancy is a health concern. Prenatal exposure to MeHg+ may adversely affect child development <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0026265X25004965#b0060" name="bb0060" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener="true" data-xocs-content-type="reference" data-xocs-content-id="b0060">[12]</a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0026265X25004965#b0065" name="bb0065" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener="true" data-xocs-content-type="reference" data-xocs-content-id="b0065">[13]</a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0026265X25004965#b0070" name="bb0070" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener="true" data-xocs-content-type="reference" data-xocs-content-id="b0070">[14]</a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0026265X25004965#b0075" name="bb0075" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener="true" data-xocs-content-type="reference" data-xocs-content-id="b0075">[15]</a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0026265X25004965#b0080" name="bb0080" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener="true" data-xocs-content-type="reference" data-xocs-content-id="b0080">[16]</a>. Although measurements of total mercury in breast milk—the&nbsp;main&nbsp;source of exposure in infants—have been reported in many regions <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0026265X25004965#b0085" name="bb0085" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener="true" data-xocs-content-type="reference" data-xocs-content-id="b0085">[17]</a>, MeHg+ <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0026265X25004965#b0090" name="bb0090" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener="true" data-xocs-content-type="reference" data-xocs-content-id="b0090">[18]</a> and Hg2+ <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0026265X25004965#b0095" name="bb0095" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener="true" data-xocs-content-type="reference" data-xocs-content-id="b0095">[19]</a> are released in breast milk; therefore, it is necessary to analyze these chemical species. Blood MeHg+ levels positively correlate with seafood consumption in Japan <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0026265X25004965#b0100" name="bb0100" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener="true" data-xocs-content-type="reference" data-xocs-content-id="b0100">[20]</a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0026265X25004965#b0105" name="bb0105" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener="true" data-xocs-content-type="reference" data-xocs-content-id="b0105">[21]</a>, and inorganic mercury exposure is heavily influenced by dental amalgams <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0026265X25004965#b0110" name="bb0110" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener="true" data-xocs-content-type="reference" data-xocs-content-id="b0110">[22]</a> and gold mining <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0026265X25004965#b0115" name="bb0115" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener="true" data-xocs-content-type="reference" data-xocs-content-id="b0115">[23]</a>.&nbsp;In Japan,&nbsp;dental amalgams have rarely been used&nbsp;since the 1990s <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0026265X25004965#b0120" name="bb0120" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener="true" data-xocs-content-type="reference" data-xocs-content-id="b0120">[24]</a>.&nbsp;In addition, Hg2+ exposure is also lower now because of the reduced use of mercury in thermometers and other devices.Thus fat, MeHg+ in breast milk has been analyzed mainly using gas chromatography equipped with electron capture detector (GC-ECD) <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0026265X25004965#b0190" name="bb0190" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener="true" data-xocs-content-type="reference" data-xocs-content-id="b0190">[38]</a>; however, the&nbsp;pretreatment for such measurements is complicated, and the analytical volume required is large. It is especially important to establish a method that can adequately analyze even small amounts of colostrum because sample volumes are small. Consequently, the following prerequisites must be met for a comprehensive investigation of breast milk, including colostrum: 1) the minimum analytical volume of the sample must be feasible; 2) pretreatment must be straightforward; and 3) validation must be viable, with the methodology being proved highly reliable. In this study, we developed a high-throughput and sensitive analytical method for the separate determination of chemical species of mercury in breast milk that satisfies the above requirements.This study was designed to achieve three objectives. The first was to develop a straightforward approach for analyzing mercury speciation in breast milk. The second was to ascertain the impact of the sampling methodology and timing on the concentrations of Hg2+ and MeHg+ in breast milk. The third was to elucidate the relationships between the Hg2+ and MeHg+ contents and the contents of the other elements and fats.<h3>2. Methods</h3><h4>2.3. HPLC apparatus and conditions</h4>Separation was performed on a metal-free YMC-Triart C18 HPLC column (YMC CO., LTD., Kyoto, Japan), installed in an <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=1&amp;search=1260+Bio-inert+LC">Agilent 1260 Bio-inert LC</a> system consisting of a G5611A Bio-inert quaternary pump, G5611A Bio-inert high-performance autosampler, and a G1390B isocratic pump (Agilent Technologies Inc., Santa Clara, CA, USA). The outlet of the HPLC column was connected directly to an ICP-MS nebulizer (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0026265X25004965#t0010" name="bt0010" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener="true" data-xocs-content-type="reference" data-xocs-content-id="t0010">Table 2</a>).<h4>2.4. ICP-MS device and conditions</h4>An <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=1&amp;search=8900+ICP-QQQ">Agilent 8900 ICP-QQQ </a>(Agilent Technologies Inc.) was used for speciation analysis and elemental concentration measurements. The introduction system consisted of a micro-mist nebulizer, a quartz double-pass spray chamber, and a quartz torch with a diameter of 2.5 mm. The total element concentration analysis was performed using the ICP-MS equipped with an SPS 4 Autosampler (Agilent Technologies, Inc.) [49].<h3>3. Results and discussion</h3><h4>3.2.3. Comparison of total mercury levels measured by HPLC-ICP-MS and ICP-MS</h4>To validate the developed method, we compared the sum of the Hg2+ and MeHg+ concentrations obtained using HPLC-ICP-MS with the total mercury concentration quantified via ICP-MS analysis. We analyzed foremilk and hindmilk samples from 10 participants in four sampling rounds (N = 80). The median concentrations (ng g−1) for the 80 samples were 0.109 (5th–95th percentile: 0.014–0.365) for Hg2+ and 0.220 (5th–95th percentile: 0.046–0.792) for MeHg+. The Hg2+ and MeHg+ concentrations in all the breast milk samples were above the MDL. The ICP-MS determination method for the total mercury and other elemental contents has been previously published <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0026265X25004965#b0245" name="bb0245" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener="true" data-xocs-content-type="reference" data-xocs-content-id="b0245">[49]</a>. NIST SRM 1953 was used as the reference material to validate the determination of total mercury, as well as other elements using ICP-MS (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0026265X25004965#s0120" name="bs0120" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener="true" data-xocs-content-type="reference" data-xocs-content-id="s0120">Supplemental Table 2</a>). No mercury chemical species other than Hg2+ and MeHg+ were present in breast milk, as determined by HPLC-ICP-MS; therefore, the sum of Hg2+ and MeHg+ was taken to be the total mercury in breast milk. To validate the analytical method, the distributions of total mercury as measured using HPLC-ICP-MS and ICP-MS were plotted. The results from the two methods were found to be strongly correlated (R2&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.895, Pearson’s correlation coefficient&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.946) (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0026265X25004965#f0010" name="bf0010" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener="true" data-xocs-content-type="reference" data-xocs-content-id="f0010">Fig. 2</a> and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0026265X25004965#s0120" name="bs0120" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener="true" data-xocs-content-type="reference" data-xocs-content-id="s0120">Supplemental Table 3</a>). The effects of adjusting the fat content were also investigated. The values showed better agreement in samples with low fat contents, whereas there was more variation in samples with high fat contents. For samples with high fat contents, the correlation improved upon fat content adjustment (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0026265X25004965#s0120" name="bs0120" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener="true" data-xocs-content-type="reference" data-xocs-content-id="s0120">Supplemental Table 4</a>). A Bland–Altman plot was used to assess the agreement between the two methods (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0026265X25004965#f0015" name="bf0015" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener="true" data-xocs-content-type="reference" data-xocs-content-id="f0015">Fig. 3</a>). The results of the two measurement methods were generally in agreement. However, discrepancies were observed at lower concentrations. These discrepancies are thought to be due to errors in the ICP-MS measurements, which increase as the measured concentration approaches the limit of quantification.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Microchemical_Journal_Volume_211_April_2025_113142_Fig_2_Regression_correlation_between_the_total_mercury_concentration_as_obtained_via_ICP_MS_analysis_02f63d9d9f.jpg" alt="Microchemical Journal, Volume 211, April 2025, 113142: Fig. 2. Regression correlation between the total mercury concentration as obtained via ICP-MS analysis and the sum of Hg2+ and MeHg+ as obtained via HPLC-ICP-MS analysis (N = 80). THg: total mercury." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Microchemical_Journal_Volume_211_April_2025_113142_Fig_2_Regression_correlation_between_the_total_mercury_concentration_as_obtained_via_ICP_MS_analysis_02f63d9d9f.jpg 168w," sizes="100vw" width="1400" height="1300"><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/MICROC_3_c4a9ebef9e.jpg" alt="Microchemical Journal, Volume 211, April 2025, 113142: Fig. 3. A Bland–Altman plot and regression line (dotted line) and 95% limits of agreement (dashed lines) for total mercury in 80 samples as measured by ICP-MS and HPLC-ICP-MS." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_MICROC_3_c4a9ebef9e.jpg 156w," sizes="100vw" width="1400" height="1404"><h3>4. Conclusion</h3>We developed a high-throughput and sensitive method for analyzing mercury speciation in breast milk using HPLC-ICP-MS. The method was validated by analyzing NIST SRM 1953, comparing the values obtained with the total mercury concentrations obtained via ICP-MS analysis.&nbsp;Hg2+ and MeHg+ were detected in all the samples of foremilk and hindmilk provided monthly for 4&nbsp;months by the 10 participants. MeHg+ concentrations differed significantly between foremilk and hindmilk samples but not between samples obtained 2 and 5&nbsp;months postpartum. In contrast, Hg2+ concentrations in the foremilk and hindmilk did not differ and were correlated with selenium concentrations. Breast milk composition differs significantly between colostrum, transitional milk, and mature milk. Hence, a large cross-sectional study using our method will reveal the level of infant exposure to each chemical species of mercury.

High-throughput mercury speciation analysis of breast milk using HPLC-ICP-MS

In the week from March 10, the following webinars await you in the field of atomic and molecular spectroscopy and spectrometry<blockquote><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinars">👉 DETAILS AND REGISTRATION IN THE WEBINARS SECTION</a>👉 Search and filter in the largest global database with over 4 000 GC, LC, MS and spectroscopy webinars.</blockquote><h5>1. Phenomenex: SPE Troubleshooting: Unlock Maximum Recovery with Expert Tips!​</h5><ul data-start="180" data-end="347"><li data-start="180" data-end="263">Tu, 11.3.2025 11:00 CET</li><li data-start="264" data-end="347"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/4765">Registration​​</a></li></ul>Learn how to successfully troubleshoot a Solid Phase Extraction problem quickly and efficiently.<h5>2. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Real-time Monitoring of Polymer Blend Extrusion Using an Inline Process Raman Analyzer</h5><ul data-start="526" data-end="701"><li data-start="526" data-end="613">Tu, 11.3.2025 15:00 CET</li><li data-start="614" data-end="701"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/4793">Registration​​</a></li></ul>This webinar will explore findings from a recent study where a process Raman analyzer was coupled to a parallel twin-screw extruder for continuous in-line monitoring of polymer extrusion.<h5>3. SelectScience/Velp Scientifica: Maximize efficiency in fat and oil extraction for quality control and compliance</h5><ul><li><div><div><div>Tu, 11.3.2025 16:00 CET</div></div></div></li><li data-start="972" data-end="1059"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/4842">Registration​​</a></li></ul>In this educational webinar, Corey Letizio from VELP Scientifica will present practical solutions to help laboratories overcome these hurdles across the environmental, agricultural, and chemical sectors.<h5>4. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Delivering productivity in elemental analysis of food and consumer products using innovative solutions in ICP-MS</h5><ul data-start="1242" data-end="1417"><li data-start="1242" data-end="1329">Tu, 11.3.2025 17:00 CET</li><li data-start="1330" data-end="1417"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/4792">Registration​​</a></li></ul>This webinar will present simplified workflows for the analysis of a wide variety of food samples, tested over extended time periods.<h5>5. Agilent Technologies: Elemental Analysis of Metals in the Li-Battery Value Chain by ICP-MS​</h5><ul data-start="1242" data-end="1417"><li data-start="1242" data-end="1329">Tu, 11.3.2025 21:30 CET​</li><li data-start="1330" data-end="1417"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/2442">Registration​​</a></li></ul>To test the level of inorganic impurities in recycled battery components using a sensitive, multi-element technique such as ICP-MS is used<h5>6. New Food magazine/Nordson Measurement &amp; Control Solutions: Delivering closed loop control in baking and frying process through online measurement</h5><ul data-start="1600" data-end="1775"><li data-start="1600" data-end="1687">We, 12.3.2025 15:00 CET</li><li data-start="1688" data-end="1775"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/4768">Registration​​</a></li></ul>Join this webinar to hear from Nordson as they discuss the benefits of simultaneous online measurement of moisture, fat/oil, protein, and colour in the baking and frying industries.<h5>7. SelectScience/Thermo Fisher Scientific: Reducing the environmental impact of lab plastics with plant-based solutions</h5><ul data-start="1600" data-end="1775"><li data-start="1600" data-end="1687">We, 12.3.2025 17:00 CET</li><li data-start="1688" data-end="1775"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/4843">Registration​</a></li></ul>In this webinar, hear from experts, as they share insights on using traditional plastic-based resins compared with plant-based, focusing directly on the impact on the mass balance approach.<h5>8. Mettler-Toledo: Live Webinar: Thermal Analysis of Cosmetics</h5><ul data-start="1958" data-end="2133"><li data-start="1958" data-end="2045">Th, 13.3.2025 08:00 CET</li><li data-start="2046" data-end="2133"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/4554">Registration​​</a></li></ul>Discover the science behind the beauty! Join our insightful live webinar where we will delve into the critical thermal techniques used to characterize the properties of cosmetic products.<h5>9. PerkinElmer: The Role of Analytical Chemistry in Battery Development &amp; Production</h5><ul data-start="2316" data-end="2491"><li data-start="2316" data-end="2403">Th, 13.3.2025 18:00 CEST</li><li data-start="2404" data-end="2491"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/4845">Registration​​</a></li></ul>In collaboration with PerkinElmer, this presentation will explore the critical role of analytical chemistry and thermal analysis in ensuring battery efficiency, safety, and performance.<h5>10. Agilent Technologies: FTIR Theory</h5><ul><li><div><div><div>Th, 13.3.2025 20:00 CET</div></div></div></li><li data-start="2404" data-end="2491"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/4555">Registration​</a></li></ul>The scary details of FTIR and data collection will be explained.

Webinars LabRulezICPMS Week 11/2025

Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezICPMS Library in the week of 10th March 2025? Check out new documents from the field of spectroscopy/spectrometry and related techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT SPECTROSCOPY/SPECTROMETRY RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezLCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezGCMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring you application notes by Agilent Technologies, Bruker and Shimadzu and brochure by Anton Paar!<h4>1. Agilent Technologies: Method Verification of the United States Pharmacopeia Monograph with the Agilent <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=1&amp;search=Cary+60+UV-Vis">Cary 60 UV-Vis</a></h4><h5>Quantification of iron impurities in magnesium sulfate following the USP monograph&nbsp;</h5><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_method_verification_cary_60_uv_vis_5994_6929en_agilent_f1e270fe8d.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Government agencies at national and international levels regulate pharmaceuticals to ensure the safety, efficacy, quality, and labeling of drugs. These agencies publish pharmaceutical monographs for drug developers and manufacturers, helping them to maintain consistent quality standards throughout the research, development, and manufacturing processes. Major pharmacopoeias, such as the USP, European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.), British Pharmacopoeia (BP), Japanese Pharmacopoeia (JP), and Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (ChP) publish pharmaceutical monographs as part of their official compendia. Monographs provide methods for the quantitative determination of pharmaceutical substances, including the measurement of impurities within acceptable limits, and are essential for compliance with regulatory requirements. UV-Vis spectroscopy is a commonly specified technique in various pharmaceutical monographs.&nbsp;According to good manufacturing practices (GMP), any techniques that are used to analyze pharmaceutical substances must be evaluated to determine their suitability under actual conditions of use. The USP provides general information on the verification of compendial procedures in USP General Chapter &lt;1226&gt; Verification of Compendial Procedures and specific guidance on UV-Vis spectroscopic techniques in USP General Chapter &lt;857&gt; Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy.1,2&nbsp;In a previous application note, the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=1&amp;search=Cary+60+UV-Vis">Cary 60 UV Vis spectrophotometer</a> and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=1&amp;search=Cary+WinUV">Cary WinUV software</a> performed the measurements that are required by many of the verification tests outlined in USP &lt;857&gt;.3 This study provides an example of how the Cary 60 UV-Vis fitted with an <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=1&amp;search=18-cell+multicell+changer">18-cell multicell changer</a> can be used for method verification for the quantification of iron in magnesium sulfate per the USP Magnesium Sulfate monograph.4<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>An Agilent Cary 60 UV-Vis with an 18-cell changer was used to demonstrate how a UV-Vis compendial procedure from a USP monograph can be verified. The Agilent Cary WinUV software and 18-cell changer automated the multiple replicate measurements required by the USP validation tests, reducing the workload of the operator. The validation tests included confirmation of measurement accuracy, precision, specificity, and determination of the quantitation limit.&nbsp;After verifying the method, the Cary 60 UV-Vis was used to measure the content of iron in two magnesium sulfate samples following the USP Magnesium Sulfate compendial procedure. The results were within the acceptance criteria for that material of &lt; 0.5 μg/g.&nbsp;The Cary 60 UV-Vis is ideal for routine pharma quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) workflows and R&amp;D applications. Optional Agilent Cary WinUV Pharma software is also available that supports compliance with US FDA 21 CFR Part 11, EU Annex 11, and similar national electronic record regulations.<h4>2. Anton Paar: Microwave Digestion Platform - Multiwave 5001 | Multiwave 3001</h4><ul><li>Brochure</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/E38_IP_020_EN_A_Brochure_Multiwave_5001_Multiwave_3001_screen_86b70472b4.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Even the most advanced analytical equipment delivers inconsistent measurement values without precise and flawless sample preparation. That’s where Anton Paar’s Multiwave 5001 and Multiwave 3001 come in. We’ve channeled over 50 years of sample preparation expertise into a microwave system that fits every need. From routine samples to highly demanding ones, and for every kind of throughput or application need, Multiwave 5001 and Multiwave 3001 are the answer. You’ll be equipped to handle every complex testing requirement you may have.<ul><li>Premium digestion parameters: Up to 300 °C and 100 bar&nbsp;</li><li>Powerful: Saves time, boosts throughput, and reduces costs, with up to 64 samples in a single run&nbsp;</li><li>Intelligent: 600 pre-installed programs, guiding features, tool-free vessel handling, and a “clever” door&nbsp;</li><li>Connected 24/7: Automated data export for optimally traceable results&nbsp;</li><li>Safety: Independent certification of safety features ensures they are at the highest level&nbsp;</li><li>AP Connect: Can be integrated with our lab execution software AP Connect</li></ul><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=241&amp;search=Multiware+5001">Multiware 5001</a> (One instrument, every application)</h4>Some samples require special treatment. Multiwave 5001 provides premium digestion parameters and many additional sample preparation methods. This instrument combines more than 50 years experience in sample preparation with state-of-the-art technology.<ul><li>Full variety of applications and vessels – up to 300 °C and 100 bar</li><li>Advanced sensor technology (SmartTemp 2.0)</li><li>AP Connect (lab execution software) and automated data export</li><li>Optional digital camera inside the chamber</li></ul><h5>Further applications for Multiwave 5001&nbsp;</h5>Extraction&nbsp;The perfect alternative to conventional methods thanks to reduced reaction times and solvent consumption. A costeffective way to improve the performance and throughput of HPLC- or GC-based analysis routines. Multiwave 5001 is suitable for extractions of PCBs, PAHs and hydrocarbons, derivatization reactions prior to analysis, and polymer extractions.&nbsp;Evaporation&nbsp;The 24EVAP accessory facilitates the evaporation of acids and concentration of aqueous sample solutions even without the need to transfer digestion solutions. It offers automatic endpoint determination for a variety of samples. The external scrubber neutralizes the acid vapors with a washing efficiency of more than 95 %.&nbsp;Drying&nbsp;Rotor 1DRY efficiently dries samples 4x faster than conventional methods, and provides samples without carbonization or contamination. Humidity and unwanted odors are removed via the exhaust system.&nbsp;Microwave-induced oxygen combustion (MIC)&nbsp;This unique, clean, and quick method is suitable for all combustible solids (wood, paper, coal, food, or polymers). Analytes are trapped in a low-concentration absorption solution which can be measured without dilution.<h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=241&amp;search=Multiware+3001">Multiware 3001</a> (High throughput at affordable costs)</h4>Routine samples require robust workflows at minimum effort and cost per sample. Multiwave 3001 is the instrument with the best performance-to-cost ratio, digesting up to 41 samples in a single run. Benefit from proven features including SmartVent technology and a comprehensive method library.<ul><li>Efficient digestion of routine samples, with HVT vessels</li><li>Reliable temperature measurement thanks to robust IR method</li><li>Automated data export</li></ul><h4>3. Bruker Optics: Used Lubcricating Oil Analysis by FT-IR: An Overview</h4><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/AN_M57_Lubricating_Oil_Analysis_EN_1_1962299e4c.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Oil analysis by FT-IR is a simple method to detect dilution, degredation or illegal additives in all types of oils.&nbsp;Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy utilizes the interaction of invisible infrared radiation and matter. This yields valuable molecular information and allows the identification of chemicals in a few seconds without consumables or additional chemicals. Generally, this can be used on solids, liquids and gases and of course industrial oils. This method has been widely accepted and is used by automotive industries, drilling companies, legal authorities and even at F1-racing events.<h5>Why are in-service lubricating oils tested?&nbsp;</h5>To readily assess the lubricant’s performance, testing and diagnosis of oils in-service is necessary. This is especially important to prolong engine life and avoid sudden and unforeseen damages to the engine. Lubricating oils reduce friction and protect the engine’s moving parts from wear and corrosion. In diesel engines, the oil must also suspend soot particle resulting from incomplete fuel combustion to avoid depositions.&nbsp;If the lubricant is saturated, performance decreases significantly. The analysis of in-service oils also provides information about engine-related functions to identify component failures or harmful operating conditions.&nbsp;<h5>Advantages of FT-IR in oil analysis&nbsp;</h5>For one, the low cost of modern <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=10&amp;search=FTIR">Fourier transform (FT-IR) systems</a>, along with the ability to obtain high-quality data rapidly has made this technique very attractive. Especially in routine analysis, there is a strong demand for for quick results in routine monitoring of in-service lubricant. FT-IR has already started to gradually replace replace various time-consuming and tedious traditional wet chemical and physical analysis methods.&nbsp;Therefore, the ASTM adopted a standard practice E2412 titled; “Standard Practice for Condition Monitoring of Used Lubricants by Trend Analysis Using Fourier-Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometry” illustrating the increased application of FT-IR spectroscopy in this field.<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>FT-IR is a reliable and valid approach to oil analysis, that not only allows you to access a lot of information with a single measurement, but also simplifies the procedure. Infrared spectrometers come in various shapes and configurations and Bruker even offers a dedicated used oil analysis kit.<h4>4. Shimadzu: Major Component and Elemental Impurity Analysis of Lithium-Ion Cathode Materials Using the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=3&amp;search=ICPE-9820">ICPE-9820</a></h4><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_01_00817_en_4a5fd66aba.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>User Benefits:<ul><li>The system uses a mini torch that consumes less argon, thus reducing running costs.</li><li>Measurements are stable with minimum long-term and daily fluctuations.</li><li>Post-measurement addition of elements and wavelengths is simple, enabling quantification at optimal wavelengths without remeasurement.</li></ul>Lithium-ion secondary batteries (LIBs) are used in many products, such as smartphones and electric vehicles, because they are small and lightweight yet offer high capacity or energy density. However, there is a risk of ignition and heat generation, makes ensuring safety a critical issue. The elemental composition of cathode materials is known to be one of the most important factors that affect energy density and safety. In this Application News, the main elements and impurity elements of LIBs cathode material were analyzed using the ICPE9820 (Fig. 1). Validation tests on the analysis values and stability tests (2.5 hours variation, 5 days daily variation) on the main components were performed.<h5>Analysis Wavelength of Elemental Impurity Analysis</h5>The wavelength recommended by the ICPEsolution software as the analysis wavelength was chosen. ICPEsolution enables users to identify recommended wavelengths that have a low background equivalent concentration (BEC) and are generally less susceptible to interference from the wavelengths registered for each element (Fig. 5). The sample for elemental impurity analysis was analyzed with the calibration standards shown in Table 6.&nbsp;Since the cathode materials contain a large amount of Li, Co, Ni, and Mn, spectroscopic interference from these major elements may occur during the analysis of elemental impurities. Therefore, it is important to select the optimal wavelength, one that is unaffected by spectral interference.&nbsp;The 202.548 nm and 213.856 nm wavelengths of Zn have high sensitivity with low BEC (Fig. 5), but the peaks of Ni and Co overlap at 202.548 nm, and the peaks of Ni overlap at 213.856 nm (Fig. 6).&nbsp;As shown in Fig. 5, ICPEsolution allows users to check which element peaks are likely to overlap using the “Peak Search” function. In addition, the “All-wavelength Data Acquisition” function allows data readout after measurement. Even if the major components are unknown, qualitative analysis of all elements can be added after the measurement, and it is easy to determine which elements are contained in large amounts. Using this function, users can confirm and quantify the profile of a wavelength that has not been registered without needing to re-measure. In this study, 206.200 nm, which is free from interference, was used for quantitative analysis of Zn (Fig. 7). S has relatively low BEC at 180.731 nm and 182.037 nm, but Mn interferes with both. At 182.625 nm, there is slight B interference B, but since it was confirmed that the concentration of B in the sample was below the detection limit, 182.625 nm was used.&nbsp;If the sample contains a large amount of B, it is better to perform inter-element correction at 180.731 nm, where the Mn interference is relatively small. With ICPEsolution, the user can easily perform inter-element correction by simply selecting the elements and wavelengths to be used for the operation. Care must be taken in cases where the correction amount is much larger than the quantitative value of S since an error is likely to occur (Fig. 8).<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>In this Application News, the ICPE-9820 was used to analyze the major components and elemental impurities in LIBs cathode materials. Analysis of the major components showed that the results were stable over long periods and showed little day-to-day variation. Good results were obtained in the analysis of elemental impurities in spike recovery tests, and the validity of the analysis was confirmed. In addition, elements and wavelengths were added after the measurement, and it was possible to determine the appropriate analytical wavelength without re-measurement. The ICPE-9820 offers both low running costs and stable measurements. In addition, convenient functions such as the acquisition of all wavelength data make it possible to efficiently analyze even samples with high spectral interference. Therefore, the ICPE-9820 is the ideal instrument for elemental analysis of LIBs cathode materials.

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