News from LabRulezICPMS Library - Week 41, 2024

Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezICPMS Library in week 41, 2024? Check out new documents from the field of spectroscopy, especially ICP/MS techniques!

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This week we bring to you applications by Agilent Technologies, Shimadzu, and Bruker and a poster by Thermo Fisher Scientific!

1. Bruker: Used Lubcricating Oil Analysis by FT-IR: An Overview

• Application

Oil analysis by FT-IR is a simple method to detect dilution, degredation or illegal additives in all types of oils.

Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy utilizes the interaction of invisible infrared radiation and matter. This yields valuable molecular information and allows the identification of chemicals in a few seconds without consumables or additional chemicals.

Generally, this can be used on solids, liquids and gases and of course industrial oils. This method has been widely accepted and is used by automotive industries, drilling companies, legal authorities and even at F1-racing events.

Why are in-service lubricating oils tested?

To readily assess the lubricant’s performance, testing and diagnosis of oils in-service is necessary. This is especially important to prolong engine life and avoid sudden and unforeseen damages to the engine. Lubricating oils reduce friction and protect the engine’s moving parts from wear and corrosion. In diesel engines, the oil must also suspend soot particle resulting from incomplete fuel combustion to avoid depositions.

If the lubricant is saturated, performance decreases significantly. The analysis of in-service oils also provides information about engine-related functions to identify component failures or harmful operating conditions.

Advantages of FT-IR in oil analysis

For one, the low cost of modern Fourier transform (FT-IR) systems, along with the ability to obtain high-quality data rapidly has made this technique very attractive. Especially in routine analysis, there is a strong demand for for quick results in routine monitoring of in-service lubricant. FT-IR has already started to gradually replace replace various time-consuming and tedious traditional wet chemical and physical analysis methods.

Therefore, the ASTM adopted a standard practice E2412 titled; “Standard Practice for Condition Monitoring of Used Lubricants by Trend Analysis Using Fourier-Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometry” illustrating the increased application of FT-IR spectroscopy in this field.

Conclusion

FT-IR is a reliable and valid approach to oil analysis, that not only allows you to access a lot of information with a single measurement, but also simplifies the procedure.

Infrared spectrometers come in various shapes and configurations and Bruker even offers a dedicated used oil analysis kit.

2. Thermo Fisher Scientific / WPC: Novel developments in ICP-MS: How can the analysis of complex samples be made simple?

• Poster / WPC

ABSTRACT

Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) is one of the key technologies used for the determination of trace element concentrations in almost any sample type. Following its initial development in 1980, it has seen an unparalleled ramp up, and grew from a high-end tool used in cutting edge research laboratories to a widely-used technique used in many thousands of laboratories across all regions. In 40 years of being available, there have been developments to drive detection limits lower, hyphenation of separation techniques and accessories to allow for direct sampling of solids, increases in productivity and sample throughput, and, most of all, better removal of interferences. This presentation will provide an overview on novel developments in ICP-MS, providing an unmatched ability to tackle samples with outstanding complexity, both in terms of matrix load and interferences.

INTRODUCTION

Alongside the technological development, the complexity of samples to be analyzed using ICP-MS increased at the same level, and typical samples run by analytical testing laboratories today require the analysis of matrix levels previously analyzed using ICP-OES. This is particularly true for environmental monitoring, with region-specific standards and guidelines put in place to ensure that soil is safe before any use of the land and to assure that toxic metals are not introduced after anthropogenic activities, such as the release of industrial waste, use of fertilizers, and mining. One key analytical method is U.S. EPA Method 6020B (SW-846), which governs the analysis of soils, solid waste, and wastewaters.

CONCLUSIONS

• All the requirements of EPA Method 6020B were met during the test period of three days, enabling the analysis of a total of 600 samples.
• The accuracy determined by the analyses of two NIST SRMs further highlights the capability of the iCAP RQplus ICP-MS in delivering reliable data.
• The consistent internal standards recovery of 80–120% observed during the analysis of a mixed batch of typical samples, analyzed in a period of 12 hours, demonstrates the robustness of the system and the absence of physical interferences causing signal drift and suppression or enhancement.
• The highest dilution setting available for AGD allowed the aspiration of up to 25% w/w brine samples and allowed excellent MDLs to be obtained, while eliminating the need for labor-intensive manual sample dilution and accelerating sample throughput.
• Excellent CCV recovery and spike recovery results, as well as stable and consistent internal standards response, were obtained across a batch containing 120 samples of a 2.5% w/w brine solution, demonstrating the reliability of the method.

3. Agilent Technologies: Kinetics of an Oscillating Reaction using Temperature-Controlled UV-Vis Spectroscopy

• Application

Characterizing the Briggs-Rauscher reaction at four temperatures simultaneously using an Agilent Cary 3500 UV-Vis

Abstract

The Briggs-Rauscher reaction involves colored intermediates, with kinetics influenced by temperature. Tracking these color changes is achievable using temperature-controlled UV-Vis spectroscopy. However, the experiment requires efficient temperature control, cuvette stirring, and rapid acquisition speed due to the millisecond timescale of the color changes.

In this work, an Agilent Cary 3500 UV-Vis spectrophotometer was used to investigate this reaction at four different temperatures simultaneously. The system's fast data collection and accurate temperature control enabled efficient characterization of complex reaction kinetics.

Introduction

The Briggs-Rauscher reaction is one of the most captivating demonstrations that a chemist can perform.1 It is an oscillating reaction that cycles through multiple color changes for several minutes, providing a visual example of how chemicals transform in real time (see Figure 1). The reaction involves several chemicals, as described in the sample preparation section of the note. When the reagents are mixed, the clear and translucent solution gradually turns amber before undergoing a striking color change to dark blue. The blue color then gradually fades back to the colorless state. This cycle continues for several minutes until all reagents are consumed.

Conclusion

An in-depth investigation of the kinetics of the Briggs-Rauscher oscillation reaction was carried out at four different temperatures simultaneously using the Agilent Cary 3500 UV-Vis spectrophotometer with Multicell Peltier sampling module. The unique multizone feature of the Peltier temperature controlled Multicell facilitated the multizone experiments of four pairs of cuvettes. Each pair of cuvettes contained the reagents and reference solutions.

The scan kinetic experiments identified chromophores associated with different intermediates in the reaction, enabling the selection of the most suitable wavelength (610 nm) for single point kinetic measurements of the oscillating reaction. The kinetic measurement results at four temperatures (5, 10, 20, and 30 °C) showed that the oscillating cycle shortened with increasing temperature. To better understand the effect of each temperature on the Briggs-Rauscher oscillation, the data were used to build an Arrhenius plot. The plot was then used to calculate the activation energy, resulting in a calculated value of 58 kJ/mol for the overall reaction. The Cary 3500 UV-Vis spectrophotometer with Multicell Peltier sampling module saves time, while producing valuable data that contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of complex reactions.

4. Shimadzu: Analysis of 23 Elements in Wastewater by U.S. EPA Method 6020B Using ICPMS-2050

• Application

User Benefits

• It is possible to measure 23 elements, including trace and high-concentration elements, in wastewater according to EPA Method 6020B.
• The interference of MoO on Cd can be effectively reduced using hydrogen reactions.
• Internal standard fluctuation can be easily observed using the Internal Standard Intensity Fluctuation Graph function of LabSolutions™ ICPMS.

Introduction

Because of climate change, population growth and ongoing industrialization, various types of waste are being released into the environment, causing damage to ecosystems. Particularly, the adverse effects of increased heavy metal concentrations in wastewater and the potential effects on human, animal and plant health are of significant concern. Therefore, monitoring these elements in wastewater is one of the most frequently performed environmental analyses.

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency published EPA Method 6020B to control 23 metals in environmental water using ICP-MS. In this Application News, 23 elements in wastewater were analyzed using the ICPMS-2050. Analytical samples’ spike recovery tests and long-term stability tests were performed in accordance with the quality control (QC) requirements of EPA Method 6020b.

Summary

An ICPMS-2050 was used to analyze 23 elements in wastewater following U.S. EPA Method 6020B. All the analyses met the QC requirements of EPA Method 6020B, confirming the analytical method’s usefulness.

IDLs obtained in this analysis were sufficiently low compared with the standard values of each regulation for wastewater analysis, and high-sensitivity analysis was realized. In the spike recovery test with SIC solution and samples, good recoveries were obtained, confirming the accuracy of ICPMS-2050.

In the long-term stability test, the CCV recoveries of all the analytes were within 90 to 110 %. Furthermore, the fluctuation of all internal standards with respect to the intensity during the initial calibration was within the QC requirements of EPA Method 6020B, indicating the high stability of the ICPMS-2050 system.

The ICPMS-2050 mini-torch system provides accurate analysis, high stability, low argon gas consumption and low running costs.