3D-DIC Analysis in Compression Test of Glass Tube

Significance of the Topic

Glass is a fundamental material in electronics and automotive applications, yet its brittle fracture behavior occurs too rapidly for conventional observation techniques. High-speed videography combined with three-dimensional digital image correlation (3D-DIC) provides critical insights into crack initiation and propagation, supporting material optimization and failure prevention.

Objectives and Overview of the Study

This work examines dynamic fracture processes in a glass tube under axial compression. By synchronizing two HyperVision HPV-X3 cameras, the study captures both the onset of cracks and the evolving strain distribution through 3D-DIC analysis.

Methodology and Instruments Used

• Testing Apparatus: AGX-V2 precision universal testing machine with 100 kN load cell and a φ50 compression plate.
• Imaging System: Two HPV-X3 high-speed video cameras equipped with 100 mm macro lenses and SLG-600G illumination units.
• Recording Parameters: 5 million frames per second, triggered via an acceleration sensor; random speckle pattern applied for DIC.
• Analysis Software: VIC-3D for quantitative three-dimensional strain mapping.

Main Results and Discussion

• Fracture Sequences: Initial axial crack formation was followed by secondary cracking and rapid circumferential propagation, culminating in tube fragmentation.
• Strain Visualization: 3D-DIC revealed high compressive strain zones ahead of the crack tip, which migrated circumferentially with crack growth. Post-fracture regions exhibited a marked strain drop.
• Temporal Resolution: The 5 Mfps framerate enabled capture of events with microsecond to sub-microsecond time intervals, essential for brittle materials.

Benefits and Practical Applications of the Method

Combined high-speed imaging and 3D-DIC offer a powerful diagnostic tool for industrial quality control, material development, and failure analysis in glass and other brittle components. Detailed strain mapping informs design improvements and predictive maintenance strategies.

Future Trends and Opportunities

• Advancements toward even higher framerate and resolution cameras for finer-scale fracture dynamics.
• Real-time data processing and machine learning integration for automated crack detection and predictive modeling.
• Application expansion to ceramics, composites, and other high-rate deformation materials.
• Multimodal analysis combining acoustic emission, thermography, and high-speed imaging for comprehensive failure studies.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that synchronized high-speed videography and 3D-DIC are highly effective for revealing the rapid brittle fracture behavior of glass. The technique identifies crack origins, maps strain fields in three dimensions, and supports enhanced material design and quality assurance.

References

• Yano F., Nishikawa Y. Fracture Observation of Glass in Ring-on-Ring Bending Test; Application News No. V30.
• Fracture Observation in Glass Ring-on-Ring Bending Tests Using HPV-X3; Application News No. 01-00881.