Quality Control of Petroleum products using FT-NIR Spectroscopy

Importance of the Topic

FT-NIR spectroscopy supports efficient quality control of petroleum products, addressing market price fluctuations, stringent environmental regulations, and evolving engine technologies. Rapid, non-destructive analysis with minimal waste aligns with industry demands for sustainable, high-throughput monitoring.

Objectives and Overview

This application note demonstrates the use of FT-NIR combined with multivariate data analysis to determine multiple chemical and physical parameters—such as PIONA composition, octane and cetane numbers, density, and vapor pressure—in crude oil and refined products. It highlights laboratory, at-line, and on-line implementations, and compares FT-NIR performance to traditional methods.

Methodology and Instrumentation

• Spectroscopic Technique: Fourier Transform Near-Infrared (FT-NIR) capturing overtones and combination bands of C–H, C=O, O–H, N–H, and S–H functional groups.
• Data Analysis: Multivariate calibration models correlate spectral data to reference values.
• Instrument Platforms:
  • TANGO: Bench-top FT-NIR analyzer for routine laboratory use.
  • MPA II: Flexible multi-purpose analyzer.
  • MATRIX-F: Process spectrometer supporting fiber-optic probes or flow cells for at-line and on-line monitoring, with multiplexing capability.
  • Accessories: Various probes and flow cells for installation in standard and hazardous-area environments.

Main Results and Discussion

• Diesel T50 Distillation: Validation over 244 °C–326 °C showed excellent correlation (R² > 0.99, minimal prediction error).
• Gasoline RON Prediction: Accurate modeling across RON 87–101, comparable to standard test engine results.
• Multiparameter Analysis: Single-run measurements delivered data on multiple quality attributes in under one minute without sample preparation.

Benefits and Practical Applications

• Speed: Complete analysis in less than one minute supports fast process feedback.
• Sustainability: Reagent-free method reduces hazardous waste.
• Cost Efficiency: Eliminates time-consuming and expensive reference techniques such as GC-based PIONA, octane test engines, and distillation apparatus.
• Real-Time Control: Multiplexed FT-NIR probes enable continuous monitoring of multiple process streams, even at remote locations.

Future Trends and Potential Applications

• Advanced Machine Learning: Adaptive calibration models for improved accuracy and robustness.
• Sensor Miniaturization: Portable FT-NIR units for field and remote-site analysis.
• Broader Industry Adoption: Extension to biofuels, petrochemicals, and renewable energy feedstocks.
• Expanded Spectral Libraries: Enhanced databases for comprehensive product coverage and lower detection limits.

Conclusion

FT-NIR spectroscopy, paired with multivariate data analysis, provides a fast, accurate, and environmentally friendly solution for comprehensive quality control of petroleum products. Its adaptability across laboratory, at-line, and on-line settings meets modern refinery requirements and supports sustainable process optimization.

Reference

• Application Note AN N281, Quality Control of Petroleum Products using FT-NIR Spectroscopy, Bruker Optics.