Analysis of Fish Oil with FT-NIR Spectroscopy

Importance of the Topic

Marine oils provide essential polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids such as EPA and DHA, which are known for significant health benefits. Since human metabolism cannot synthesize these compounds, dietary supplementation is crucial. High-purity fish oils for pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals require precise and rapid quality control of multiple analytes across processing stages. FT-NIR spectroscopy offers a non-destructive, solvent-free, and fast method for multi-component analysis, making it highly attractive for the edible oil industry.

Objectives and Study Overview

This application note AN N291 aims to demonstrate the capabilities of FT-NIR spectroscopy for fish oil analysis. The focus is on quantifying key parameters including EPA, DHA, DPA, SDA, total omega-3 content, free fatty acids, oxidation status, and polymer content. The study also outlines validation procedures in compliance with pharmacopeial requirements.

Methodology

FT-NIR measurements are performed directly on fish oil samples placed in standard vials. Each analysis takes under one minute and requires no chemical reagents or sample preparation. Chemometric models enable simultaneous multi-component quantification based on NIR absorption patterns.

Used Instrumentation

• TANGO compact FT-NIR analyzer with touchscreen operation
• MPA Multi Purpose Analyzer for flexible laboratory applications
• MATRIX-F automated in-process analyzer for closed-loop control
• OPUS software package supporting OQ/PQ qualification and 21 CFR Part 11 compliance

Key Results and Discussion

• EPA quantification: standard error 1.1% over concentration range 2–62%
• DHA quantification: standard error 0.9% over concentration range 3–79%
• Total omega-3 content: standard error 0.3% over concentration range 75–91%
• Free fatty acids: standard error 0.1% over concentration range 0.1–7.2%

Validation data demonstrate that FT-NIR provides high precision and accuracy across critical quality attributes of fish oil. The method supports full traceability and automated qualification tests.

Benefits and Practical Applications

• No sample preparation or chemical waste
• Rapid analysis (<1 minute) with minimal operator training
• Simultaneous multi-component determination in a single measurement
• Reduced time and cost compared to classical methods
• Integration into laboratory and on-line production workflows

Future Trends and Possibilities

The adoption of FT-NIR in the edible oil sector is expected to grow with advances in chemometric algorithms and instrument connectivity. Future directions include:

• Enhanced real-time process control and feedback loops
• Extension of calibration models to diverse marine and plant-based oils
• Integration with digital platforms for Industry 4.0 compliance
• Combination with complementary techniques such as Raman or MIR spectroscopy

Conclusion

FT-NIR spectroscopy offers a robust, validated solution for rapid multi-component analysis of fish oil, enabling stringent quality control and cost efficiencies. The methodology aligns with regulatory requirements and supports both laboratory and in-process applications.

References

1. Bruker Optics Application Note AN N291 Analysis of Fish Oil with FT-NIR Spectroscopy 2021
2. United States Pharmacopeia USP <1119> Near Infrared Spectroscopy
3. European Pharmacopoeia Ph Eur 2.2.40 Near Infrared Spectroscopy
4. FDA 21 CFR Part 11 Electronic Records; Electronic Signatures